<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Tiger Research Reports]]></title><description><![CDATA[Your Sherpa to Asia's Web3 Landscape: Be among the 20,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive Asia insights.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ih9w!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40e354f8-f158-4ed4-9fcb-4691383fe1fe_256x256.png</url><title>Tiger Research Reports</title><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2026 16:16:43 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Tiger Research Inc. ]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[tiger.research@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[tiger.research@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Daniel Kim]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Daniel Kim]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[tiger.research@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[tiger.research@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Daniel Kim]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[과반수를 차지한 민주당: 미국 중간선거가 바꿀 미국 디지털자산 시장]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#49345;&#54616;&#50896; &#44284;&#48152;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54664;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50892;&#47088;&#183;&#48652;&#46972;&#50868;&#183;&#50892;&#53552;&#49828; &#46321; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#51032; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924; &#51109;&#50501;, &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#51312;&#44148;, &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277; &#54364;&#47448; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;, &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032; WLF &#51312;&#49324;&#50752; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51032; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277; &#48169;&#50612;&#44620;&#51648; &#51473;&#44036;&#49440;&#44144; &#51060;&#54980; &#48120;&#44397; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51077;&#48277; &#51648;&#54805;&#51012; &#48516;&#49437;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 12:29:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/223463065/acbddfcfc8419545446058d0d58555fa.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>&#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#49345;&#50896; 54&#49437;, &#54616;&#50896; 228&#49437;&#51004;&#47196; &#50577;&#50896; &#44284;&#48152;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#51648;&#45212; 2&#45380;&#44036; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51060; &#51060;&#45128; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51077;&#48277; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428;&#51060; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51004;&#47196; &#45336;&#50612;&#44052;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#50892;&#47088;, &#48652;&#46972;&#50868;, &#50892;&#53552;&#49828; &#46321; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#54645;&#49900; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#47484; &#47585;&#51012; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#52964;&#51648;&#47732;&#49436;, &#44592;&#51316; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48277;&#50504; &#53685;&#44284;&#44032; &#50612;&#47140;&#50892;&#51648;&#44256; &#51032;&#54924;&#51032; &#44288;&#49900;&#51008; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44592;&#50629; WLF &#51312;&#49324;&#47196; &#50734;&#44200; &#44040; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#44508;&#52825; &#47560;&#47144;&#50640; &#52268;&#49457;&#54616;&#45716; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028;&#50752; &#52828;&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#54028; &#50669;&#49884; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#48169;&#51648;&#47484; &#51312;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#45236;&#44152;&#44256; &#51080;&#50612;, &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51008; &#49688;&#51221; &#45436;&#51032; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436; &#50696;&#49345;&#48372;&#45796; &#50724;&#47000; &#54364;&#47448;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#49548;&#49688;&#45817;&#51060; &#46108; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51008; &#49352; &#48277; &#45824;&#49888; &#51060;&#48120; &#51228;&#51221;&#46108; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44256;, &#49345;&#50896; 60&#54364; &#47928;&#53553;&#44284; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161; &#44144;&#48512;&#44428;&#51004;&#47196; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#47561;&#45716; &#48169;&#50612;&#51204;&#50640; &#45208;&#49444; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#52828;&#54868; &#51221;&#52293;&#51012; &#51060;&#45132;&#50612;&#50728; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#50640;&#44172;&#46020; &#51228;&#46041;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536; &#47564;&#53372;, &#54693;&#54980; &#44508;&#51228;&#51032; &#48169;&#54693;&#44284; &#49549;&#46020;&#45716; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51032; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032; &#44277;&#49464;&#50752; &#48177;&#50501;&#44288;&#51032; &#45824;&#51025;&#50640; &#51340;&#50864;&#46112; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. &#54788;&#51116; &#48120;&#44397; &#51473;&#44036;&#49440;&#44144; &#54788;&#54889;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png" width="1568" height="776" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:776,&quot;width&quot;:1568,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:224450,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lUyJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a2972c7-6905-4be0-978e-28ceca45c4b3_1568x776.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#48120;&#44397; &#51473;&#44036;&#49440;&#44144;&#50640;&#49436; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#49345;&#50896; 100&#49437; &#51473; 54&#49437;, &#54616;&#50896; 435&#49437; &#51473; 228&#49437;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54644; &#50577;&#50896; &#47784;&#46160; &#44284;&#48152;(&#49345;&#50896; 51&#49437;, &#54616;&#50896; 218&#49437;)&#51012; &#45336;&#44220;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51316;&#48372;&#45796; &#49345;&#50896;&#51008; 7&#49437;, &#54616;&#50896;&#51008; 25&#49437; &#45720;&#50612;&#45212; &#44208;&#44284;&#45796;. &#50500;&#51649; &#49345;&#50896; 2&#44275;, &#54616;&#50896; 68&#44275;&#51032; &#44060;&#54364;&#44032; &#45149;&#45208;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#51648;&#47564; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#44284;&#48152;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#54869;&#51221;&#46096;&#45796;. </p><p>&#51060;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#45236;&#45380; 1&#50900; &#52636;&#48276;&#54624; &#49352; &#51032;&#54924;&#48512;&#53552;&#45716; &#48277;&#50504; &#52376;&#47532;&#50752; &#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#51088;&#47532;&#47484; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#51536;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44208;&#44284;&#44032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51473;&#50836;&#54620; &#51060;&#50976;&#45716; &#51648;&#45212; 2&#45380;&#44036; &#49884;&#51109; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#45796;&#51256;&#50728; &#51452;&#50836; &#51077;&#48277;&#51064; <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582/all-info">&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;</a>&#44284; <a href="https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2025/roll199.xml">&#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;</a>&#51012; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51060; &#51452;&#46020;&#54644; &#50772;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. <strong>&#49345;&#50896;&#183;&#54616;&#50896;&#51032; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428;&#51012; &#51536;&#44172; &#46108; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#51060; &#48277;&#50504;&#46308;&#51032; &#53685;&#44284;&#47484; &#47561;&#44144;&#45208; &#51204;&#47732; &#51116;&#44160;&#53664;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#45458;&#50500;&#51648;&#47732;&#49436;, &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#48152;&#50640; &#53360; &#48320;&#54868;&#44032; &#50724;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#48520;&#44032;&#54588;&#54616;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51077;&#51109;</h2><p>&#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#46308;&#51008; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#48148;&#46972;&#48380;&#44620;? &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#46308;&#51032; &#44284;&#44144; &#48156;&#50616;&#51012; &#49332;&#54196;&#48372;&#47732; &#53356;&#44172; &#49464; &#54805;&#53468;&#47196; &#45208;&#45660;&#45796;.</p><ol><li><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#54588;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54620; &#49328;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685;&#51201; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#54028;</p></li><li><p>&#44508;&#52825; &#47560;&#47144;&#50640;&#45716; &#52268;&#49457;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#48169;&#51648;&#50752; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#51312;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#45236;&#44144;&#45716; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028;</p></li><li><p>&#49548;&#49688;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#48277;&#51201; &#53580;&#46160;&#47532;&#47484; &#49464;&#50892; &#49328;&#50629;&#51012; &#51228;&#46020;&#44428; &#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#45132;&#50612;&#46308;&#51060;&#51088;&#45716; &#52828;&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#54028;</p></li></ol><p><strong>&#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#51032;&#54924; &#50868;&#50689;&#51032; &#49892;&#44428;&#51012; &#51540; &#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#51088;&#47532;&#47484; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><strong>&#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028;&#50752; &#52828;&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#54028;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#54644;&#49436; &#47924;&#51312;&#44148; &#50629;&#44228;&#51032; &#50864;&#44400;&#51064; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#46308; &#50669;&#49884; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629; &#47928;&#51228;&#48512;&#53552; &#51221;&#47532;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#51452;&#51109;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#50612; &#54788;&#51116;&#50504; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#44032;&#44596; &#50612;&#47140;&#50872; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#50696;&#49345;&#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3>2.1. &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#47484; &#51536;&#44172; &#46112; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:120290,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l_IC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F359331ca-790f-4cef-a6c6-f0e644199b60_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51060;&#48264; &#49440;&#44144;&#47196; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#44032;&#51109; &#47785;&#49548;&#47532;&#44032; &#52964;&#51648;&#45716; &#51901;&#51008; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>2020&#45380; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#45824;&#49440; &#44221;&#49440;&#50640; &#45208;&#49456;&#45912; &#50648;&#47532;&#51088;&#48288;&#49828; &#50892;&#47088;(Elizabeth Warren) &#51032;&#50896;&#51012; &#48708;&#47215;&#54620; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#54588;&#54616;&#47140;&#44256; &#47564;&#46304; &#49328;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#44256;, &#50629;&#44228; &#52828;&#54868;&#51201;&#51064; &#51077;&#48277;&#50640; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#47582;&#49436; &#50772;&#45796;. &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#44284;&#48152;&#49688;&#47484; &#52264;&#51648;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#45796;&#47336;&#45716; &#54645;&#49900; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#47484; &#51060;&#45132; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#52964;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#50724;&#54616;&#51060;&#50724;&#51452;&#50640;&#49436; &#49345;&#50896;&#51032;&#50896;&#51012; &#49464; &#48264; &#51648;&#45236;&#44256; &#49345;&#50896; &#51008;&#54665;&#50948;&#50896;&#51109;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#50520;&#45912; &#49492;&#47196;&#46300; &#48652;&#46972;&#50868; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#51008;, &#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#49884;&#51208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50629;&#44228; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#47561;&#50500; &#50728; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#45796;.</strong><a href="https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/majority/brown-we-must-protect-consumers-and-the-economy-from-stablecoin-risks"> </a></p><p><a href="https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/majority/brown-we-must-protect-consumers-and-the-economy-from-stablecoin-risks">2021&#45380; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#52397;&#47928;&#54924;</a>&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51060; &#53448;&#51473;&#50521;&#54868;&#46104;&#51648;&#46020;, &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#51648;&#46020; &#50506;&#45796;&#44256; &#48708;&#54032;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50629;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#50672;&#51060;&#50612; &#44536;&#51032; &#45209;&#49440;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#47561;&#45824;&#54620; <a href="https://www.coindesk.com/opinion/2026/11/02/big-crypto-wants-the-one-thing-it-can-t-buy-your-vote">6,000&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#48512;&#50632;&#51020;</a>&#50640;&#46020; &#45817;&#49440;&#46108;&#47564;&#53372; &#44536;&#44032; &#50629;&#44228;&#50640; &#50864;&#54840;&#51201;&#51068; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51008; &#44144;&#51032; &#50630;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>1991&#45380;&#48512;&#53552; &#54616;&#50896;&#50640;&#49436; &#54876;&#46041;&#54644; &#50728; &#52572;&#44256;&#52280; &#51032;&#50896; &#51473; &#54620; &#47749;&#51064; &#47589;&#49888; &#50892;&#53552;&#49828; &#51032;&#50896;&#51008; &#54616;&#50896; &#44552;&#50997;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#50948;&#50896;&#51109;&#50640; &#50724;&#47484; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#53360; &#51064;&#47932;&#47196; &#44861;&#55180;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#44536;&#45376;&#45716; &#54788;&#51116; &#54616;&#50896; &#44552;&#50997;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#51032; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#44036;&#49324;&#51060;&#47728;, 2019&#45380;&#48512;&#53552; 2023&#45380;&#44620;&#51648; &#54644;&#45817; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924; &#50669;&#49324;&#49345; &#52572;&#52488;&#51032; &#50668;&#49457;&#183;&#55121;&#51064; &#50948;&#50896;&#51109;&#51012; &#51648;&#45256;&#45796;. &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#54616;&#50896;&#51060; &#44284;&#48152;&#49688;&#44032; &#46104;&#47728; &#44536;&#45376;&#44032;<a href="https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/td-cowen-democratic-congress-clarity-act"> &#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#51088;&#47532;&#47196; &#48373;&#44480;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51204;&#47581;</a>&#51060; &#45208;&#50724;&#45716; &#51060;&#50976;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#45376;&#45716; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#51060; &#49345;&#50896;&#51012; &#53685;&#44284;&#54616;&#51088; &#51060;&#47492;&#44284; &#45804;&#47532; &#50689;&#47532;&#54620; &#44396;&#49437;&#51060; &#54616;&#45208;&#46020; &#50630;&#45716;<a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=413530"> &#54728;&#51216;&#53804;&#49457;&#51060; &#48277;&#50504;</a>&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#54841;&#54217;&#54664;&#44256;, &#52572;&#44540;<a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=415414"> &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#54644;&#53433; &#49324;&#53468;</a>&#47484; &#46160;&#44256;&#46020; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49328;&#50629;&#51060; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#52293;&#51076; &#50630;&#51060;&#45716; &#50868;&#50689;&#46112; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;&#45716; &#44221;&#51333;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#48708;&#54032;&#54624;&#47564;&#53372;, &#50629;&#44228;&#50640; &#48708;&#54032;&#51201;&#51064; &#53468;&#46020;&#47484; &#52712;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#47484; &#51536;&#47732;, &#44592;&#51316; &#50892;&#49905;&#53556;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51032;&#51228;&#44032; &#49789;&#44172; &#53685;&#44284;&#46104;&#44596; &#50612;&#47140;&#50872; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#47308;&#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#44536; &#52395; &#54364;&#51201;&#51008; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44592;&#50629; &#50900;&#46300;&#47532;&#48260;&#54000;&#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49500;(WLF)&#51060; &#46112; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;. &#50500;&#48512;&#45796;&#48708; &#50773;&#51313; &#52769;&#51060; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#52712;&#51076; &#45208;&#55128; &#51204;<a href="https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/minority/senate-democratic-leaders-call-for-hearings-into-extent-of-donald-trump-trump-family-and-senior-trump-administration-officials-cashing-in-on-foreign-crypto-deals"> WLF &#51648;&#48516; 49%&#47484; &#50557; 5&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#49324;&#46308;&#50688;&#45796;&#45716; &#48372;&#46020;</a>&#47484; &#46160;&#44256; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#49345;&#50896; &#52397;&#47928;&#54924;&#47484; &#50836;&#44396;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50500;&#50872;&#47084; &#50892;&#53552;&#49828; &#51032;&#50896;&#51060; &#51312;&#49324;&#47484; &#52489;&#44396;&#54664;&#45912; <a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/01.14.2026_ltr_sec_rfcryptoe.pdf">SEC&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; 10&#50668; &#44148; &#52712;&#54616; &#44221;&#50948;</a> &#50669;&#49884; &#54645;&#49900; &#50504;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#45796;&#47364;&#51656; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51060;&#47728;, &#49345;&#50896; &#52264;&#50896;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; SEC&#50752; CFTC &#51452;&#50836; <a href="https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/td-cowen-democratic-congress-clarity-act">&#51064;&#49324; &#51064;&#51456;&#51012; &#51648;&#50672;&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;</a>&#51004;&#47196; &#44508;&#51228;&#44592;&#44288;&#51012; &#50517;&#48149;&#54624; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#45236;&#45380; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#45684;&#49828;&#51032; &#54756;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064;&#51008; &#48277;&#50504; &#53685;&#44284; &#49548;&#49885;&#48372;&#45796; WLF &#44288;&#47144; &#51064;&#47932;, SEC &#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#49548;&#54872;&#51060; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3>2.2. &#44508;&#52825;&#50640;&#45716; &#52268;&#49457;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51312;&#44148;&#51012; &#48537;&#51060;&#45716; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:114325,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aah6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5911addf-e679-4360-9654-2e3621e33d70_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48277;&#50504; &#46020;&#51077; &#51088;&#52404;&#50640;&#45716; &#50864;&#54840;&#51201;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44277;&#51649;&#51088;&#51032; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#48169;&#51648;&#50752; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#45716; &#44536;&#47353;&#51060;&#45796;. <strong>&#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51452;&#46020; &#51032;&#54924;&#50640;&#49436; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51060; &#45796;&#49884; &#45436;&#51032;&#46104;&#47732; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#45236;&#44148; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060; &#48277;&#50504;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#54805;&#53468;&#47484; &#51340;&#50864;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#52856;&#45208; &#51032;&#50896;&#51008; &#51068;&#52237;&#48512;&#53552; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44508;&#52825; &#47560;&#47144;&#51012; &#51452;&#51109;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. 2022&#45380;&#50640;&#45716; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#50752; &#53804;&#47749;&#49457;&#51012; &#50526;&#49464;&#50868;<a href="https://agriculture.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=7284"> &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#49345;&#54408;&#44144;&#47000;&#48277;&#51012; &#44277;&#46041; &#48156;&#51032;</a>&#54664;&#44256;, 2025&#45380;&#50640;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#48277;&#44284; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51012; &#44536;&#54644; &#50504;&#50640; &#52376;&#47532;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#44256; &#45236;&#45796;&#48420;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#44057;&#51008; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640;&#49436; &#49440;&#52636;&#51649; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088;&#46972;&#47732;<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/stablecoin-market-structure-bills-done-this-year-rep-khanna"> &#45572;&#44396;&#46020; &#48136;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#48372;&#50976;&#54644;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46108;&#45796;</a>&#44256; &#49440;&#51012; &#44536;&#50632;&#45796;. </p><p>2028&#45380; &#45824;&#49440; &#54980;&#48372;&#47196;&#46020; &#44144;&#47200;&#46104;&#45716; &#47564;&#53372; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#45908; &#48512;&#44033;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53216;&#54140; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#51008; &#45432;&#49828;&#52880;&#47204;&#46972;&#51060;&#45208; &#51452;&#51648;&#49324; &#52636;&#49888;&#51060;&#46972; &#50672;&#48169; &#52264;&#50896;&#51032; &#54364;&#44208; &#44592;&#47197;&#51008; &#50630;&#45796;. &#45824;&#49888; &#49440;&#44144; &#44592;&#44036; &#50629;&#44228; &#44288;&#44228;&#51088;&#46308;&#44284; &#47564;&#45208; &#50629;&#44228;&#46020; &#48277;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44256; &#49910;&#50612; &#54616;&#47728;,<a href="https://www.standwithcrypto.org/politicians/person/roy---cooper"> &#44508;&#52825;&#51060; &#47924;&#50631;&#51064;&#51648; &#50508;&#44256; &#44536; &#44508;&#52825;&#51060; &#49688;&#49884;&#47196; &#48148;&#45068;&#51648; &#50506;&#44592;&#47484; &#48148;&#46980; &#49104;</a>&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#47568;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44508;&#52825;&#51032; &#50504;&#51221;&#49457;&#51012; &#44053;&#51312;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#45236;&#49464;&#50864;&#45716; &#51204;&#54805;&#51201;&#51064; &#51473;&#46020;&#54805;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#52628;&#54980; &#54801;&#49345;&#51088;&#47532;&#47484; &#52264;&#51648;&#54616;&#47732;, &#44592;&#51316; &#48277;&#50504;&#46308;&#51032; &#45236;&#50857;&#51060; &#48148;&#45076; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#51060;&#46412; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028;&#45716; &#48277;&#50504; &#52376;&#47532;&#51032; &#45824;&#44032;&#47196; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#51061; &#52628;&#44396;&#47484; &#44552;&#51648;&#54616;&#45716; &#51312;&#54637;&#51012; &#50836;&#44396;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#47728; &#53945;&#55176; &#52856;&#45208; &#51032;&#50896;&#51060; &#48156;&#51032;&#54620;<a href="http://khanna.house.gov/media/press-releases/release-rep-khanna-announces-ban-crypto-corruption-legislation-following"> &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48512;&#54056; &#44552;&#51648;&#48277;</a>&#51060; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#49324;&#47168;&#45796;. &#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#44536;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120;<a href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/congressional-oversight-in-2027-a-post-5855347"> WLF&#51032; &#50500;&#46989;&#50640;&#48120;&#47532;&#53944; &#44144;&#47000; &#44288;&#47144; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#45716; &#51312;&#49324;</a>&#50640;&#46020; &#52265;&#49688;&#54664;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#50640; &#53216;&#54140; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#52376;&#47100; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#50526;&#49464;&#50864;&#45716; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#51060; &#44032;&#49464;&#54644; &#48520;&#48277; &#51088;&#44552; &#52264;&#45800;&#44284; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840; &#51109;&#52824;&#47484; &#45927;&#48537;&#51068; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161; &#51068;&#44032;&#47484; &#44200;&#45285;&#54620; &#51312;&#54637;&#51060; &#46308;&#50612;&#44032;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51060; &#44144;&#48512;&#44428;&#51012; &#50424; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51008; &#54788;&#51116;&#50504;&#44284; &#49688;&#51221;&#50504;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#47140;&#45716; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51473;&#46020;&#54028; &#49324;&#51060;&#50640;&#49436; &#50696;&#49345;&#48372;&#45796; &#44596; &#49884;&#44036; &#54364;&#47448;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3>2.3. &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#50504;&#51032; &#52828;&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#54028;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:118604,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RIfH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd321ad2-784b-4936-8586-cbf954f1e6b5_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#54616;&#50896; &#54364;&#44208;&#50640;&#49436; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#44284; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#50640; &#52268;&#49457;&#54664;&#44144;&#45208; &#49440;&#44144; &#44592;&#44036; &#45236;&#45236; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44508;&#52825; &#47560;&#47144;&#51012; &#50557;&#49549;&#54620; &#51064;&#47932;&#46308;&#51060;&#45796;. <strong>&#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51452;&#46020; &#51032;&#54924;&#50640;&#49436; &#50629;&#44228;&#44032; &#44592;&#45832; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#50864;&#44400;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50500;&#51649; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#47484; &#51060;&#45132; &#47564;&#54620; &#51088;&#47532;&#50640; &#51080;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#53664;&#47112;&#49828; &#51032;&#50896;&#51008; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#45236;&#50640;&#49436; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51077;&#48277;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50526;&#51109;&#49440; &#51064;&#47932;&#51060;&#45796;.<a href="https://www.standwithcrypto.org/politicians/person/ritchie---torres"> &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#44284; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44508;&#51228; &#54869;&#49892;&#49457;&#48277;(Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act)&#51012; &#44277;&#46041; &#48156;&#51032;</a>&#54664;&#51004;&#47728;, 2025&#45380; &#54616;&#50896; &#54364;&#44208;&#51012; &#50526;&#46160;&#44256; &#45817;&#45236; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277; &#51648;&#51648;&#47484; &#54840;&#49548;&#54616;&#45716; &#49436;&#54620;&#51012; &#51452;&#46020;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#50640;&#46020; &#52268;&#49457;&#54664;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50732;&#54644; 2&#50900;<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-119hhrg63965/html/CHRG-119hhrg63965.htm"> SEC &#44048;&#46021; &#52397;&#47928;&#54924;</a>&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50724;&#47000;&#51204;&#48512;&#53552; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#44284; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44057;&#51008; &#49888;&#44592;&#49696;&#51012; &#49888;&#47280;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#51648;&#47564; &#47924;&#51312;&#44148;&#51201;&#51064; &#51648;&#51648;&#51088;&#45716; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50732;&#54644; 1&#50900; &#54260;&#47532;&#47560;&#53011;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#46160;&#47196; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161; &#52629;&#52636;&#50640; &#48288;&#54021;&#54620; &#51032;&#49900; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#54252;&#52265;&#46104;&#51088;, &#44277;&#51649;&#51088;&#44032; &#48120;&#44277;&#44060; &#51221;&#48372;&#47196; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51012; &#44552;&#51648;&#54616;&#45716;<a href="https://ritchietorres.house.gov/posts/in-response-to-suspicious-polymarket-trade-preceding-maduro-operation-rep-ritchie-torres-introduces-legislation-to-crack-down-on-insider-trading-on-prediction-markets"> &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; 30&#47749;&#51032; &#51032;&#50896;&#44284; &#54632;&#44760; &#48156;&#51032;</a>&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54028;&#54028;&#49828; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#51008; &#54616;&#50896; &#51116;&#51076; &#49884;&#51208; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#44284; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#50640; &#47784;&#46160; &#52268;&#49457;&#54364;&#47484; &#45912;&#51276;&#45796;.<a href="http://pappas.house.gov/media/press-releases/pappas-statement-on-passage-of-cryptocurrency-legislation"> &#54364;&#44208; &#51649;&#54980;</a> &#48120;&#44397;&#51060; &#54785;&#49888;&#51012; &#51452;&#46020;&#54616;&#47140;&#47732; &#49888;&#44592;&#49696;&#51012; &#49688;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44592;&#48376; &#44508;&#52825;&#44284; &#50504;&#51204;&#51109;&#52824;&#47484; &#47560;&#47144;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;&#47728;, &#54644;&#45817; &#48277;&#50504;&#46308;&#51012; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#50752; &#49548;&#49345;&#44277;&#51064; &#49457;&#51109;&#51032; &#52636;&#48156;&#51216;&#51004;&#47196; &#54217;&#44032;&#54664;&#45796;. </p><p>&#51060;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51060; &#44592;&#51316; &#50980;&#47532; &#44592;&#51456;&#44284; &#48277; &#44508;&#51221;&#51012; &#50808;&#47732;&#54616;&#45716; &#47784;&#49845;&#50640; &#44618;&#51008; &#50864;&#47140;&#47484; &#54364;&#54616;&#47728; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#48512;&#54056; &#48169;&#51648; &#44508;&#51221; &#44053;&#54868;&#47484; &#52489;&#44396;&#54664;&#45796;. &#50732;&#54644; 5&#50900;&#50640;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48512;&#54056; &#48143; &#45236;&#48512;&#51088; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620;<a href="http://pappas.house.gov/media/press-releases/pappas-calls-for-us-house-to-subpoena-prediction-markets-fully-investigate-corruption-and-insider-trading"> &#54616;&#50896; &#52264;&#50896;&#51032; &#51312;&#49324;&#47484; &#50836;&#44396;</a>&#54616;&#44592;&#46020; &#54664;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#50640; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#51312;&#54637;&#51012; &#48537;&#50668; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#46041;&#47308;&#46308;&#51032; &#52268;&#49457;&#54364;&#47484; &#45132;&#50612;&#50724;&#45716; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#46160; &#49324;&#46988;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#50640; &#52268;&#49457;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088;&#51032; &#49324;&#51061; &#52628;&#44396;&#45716; &#47561;&#50500;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#51452;&#51109;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. &#51648;&#45212; 9&#50900; &#49345;&#50896; &#54364;&#44208;&#50640;&#49436; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#52268;&#49457;&#54364;&#44032; &#54620; &#54364;&#46020; &#45208;&#50724;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#45936;&#50640;&#46020; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#53360; &#44152;&#47548;&#46028;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51312;&#54637;&#51060; &#46308;&#50612;&#44032;&#47732; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#48152;&#45824;&#54624; &#47749;&#48516;&#46020; &#44536;&#47564;&#53372; &#51460;&#50612;&#46304;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#54032;&#51012; &#51452;&#46020;&#54616;&#44592;&#45716; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. &#54645;&#49900; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#45716; &#48708;&#54032;&#47200;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#51536;&#44256; &#51080;&#44256;, &#45824;&#53685;&#47161; &#51068;&#44032;&#47484; &#44200;&#45285;&#54620; &#51312;&#54637;&#51008; &#48177;&#50501;&#44288;&#51032; &#48152;&#48156;&#51012; &#48512;&#47484; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#50629;&#44228; &#51077;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51312;&#54637;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51208;&#52649;&#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#50577;&#51901;&#51032; &#44036;&#44537;&#51012; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#51329;&#55176;&#45712;&#45264;&#44032; &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; 2&#45380;&#44036;&#51032; &#48320;&#49688;&#45796;.</p><h2>3. &#44277;&#54868;&#45817; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;: &#48169;&#54693;&#51008; &#44057;&#51648;&#47564; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428;&#51012; &#51075;&#50632;&#45796;</h2><p>&#54788;&#51116; &#45817;&#49440;&#46108; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#51008; &#48124;&#44036; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#45804;&#47084; &#54056;&#44428;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44256; &#51221;&#48512;&#44032; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; CBDC&#45716; &#47561;&#50500;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#51077;&#51109;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51060;&#48264; &#51473;&#44036;&#49440;&#44144;&#50640;&#49436; &#51316; &#54728;&#49828;&#53580;&#46300; &#49345;&#50896;&#51032;&#50896;, &#54616;&#50896; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49548;&#50948;&#50896;&#51109; &#48652;&#46972;&#51060;&#50616; &#49828;&#53580;&#51068; &#51032;&#50896; &#46321; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50629;&#44228;&#50640; &#50864;&#54840; &#49457;&#54693;&#51032; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#51060; &#45824;&#44144; &#45209;&#49440;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#55192;&#51012; &#51075;&#50632;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3>3.1. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#48277;&#44284; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#51012; &#49444;&#44228;&#54620; &#49324;&#46988;&#46308;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:116549,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EUJ6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a3312-9645-421b-8748-3699cf151744_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#45817;&#49440;&#46108; &#48716; &#54644;&#44144;&#54000;, &#44544;&#47116; &#53680;&#49832;&#51008; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#48277;&#44284; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51032; &#48904;&#45824;&#47484; &#51649;&#51217; &#47564;&#46304; &#51064;&#47932;&#46308;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#51060;&#51228; &#54616;&#50896;&#183;&#49345;&#50896; &#51340;&#49437;&#49688;&#44032; &#48512;&#51313;&#54644;&#51648;&#47732;&#49436; &#51060;&#51228; &#49352; &#48277;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#51068;&#48372;&#45796; &#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; &#49939;&#50500; &#50728; &#51077;&#48277; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#51648;&#53020; &#45236;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060; &#46096;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#55192;&#51012; &#51075;&#51008; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#51032; &#50669;&#54624;&#51008; '&#44277;&#44201;'&#50640;&#49436; '&#48169;&#50612;'&#47196; &#48148;&#45068;&#44172; &#46096;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#49352; &#48277;&#51012; &#47564;&#46308;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796; &#51060;&#48120; &#49884;&#54665; &#51473;&#51064; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#45716; &#45936; &#51665;&#51473;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49345;&#50896; 60&#54364; &#47928;&#53553;&#44284; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51032; &#44144;&#48512;&#44428;&#51012; &#48169;&#54056; &#49340;&#50500; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51032; &#44508;&#51228; &#44053;&#54868; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#47561;&#44256;, &#51032;&#54924; &#45824;&#49888; SEC&#50752; CFTC&#44032; &#44592;&#51316; &#44428;&#54620;&#51004;&#47196; &#44508;&#52825;&#51012; &#45796;&#46316;&#46020;&#47197; &#46263;&#48155;&#52840;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</p><h3>3.2. CBDC &#48152;&#45824; &#44053;&#44221;&#54028;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png" width="1372" height="940" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:940,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:156602,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-Ns!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7cbcaf11-1482-4303-a91e-90fd6f0ffe56_1372x940.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>CBDC &#48152;&#45824;&#45716; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817; &#45817;&#49440;&#51064;&#46308;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#54620;&#47785;&#49548;&#47532;&#47484; &#45236;&#45716; &#51452;&#51228;&#45796;. &#51060;&#46308;&#50640;&#44172; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51221;&#52293;&#51008; &#49328;&#50629;&#51012; &#53412;&#50864;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060;&#47732;&#49436; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#51221;&#48512;&#51032; &#44284;&#46020;&#54620; &#44552;&#50997; &#44048;&#49884;&#47484; &#47561;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49328;&#50629; &#50977;&#49457;&#50640;&#45716; &#50864;&#54840;&#51201;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51221;&#48512;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#45804;&#47084;&#51064; CBDC&#50640;&#45716; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#49440;&#51012; &#44555;&#45716;&#45796;. CBDC&#47484;<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2025-07-17/html/CREC-2025-07-17-pt1-PgH3427.htm"> &#44060;&#51064;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#44048;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#51221;&#48512;&#51032; &#46020;&#44396;</a>&#47196; &#48372;&#44256;, &#44536; &#45824;&#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#48124;&#44036; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#45236;&#49464;&#50868;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#46308;&#51032; &#47785;&#54364;&#45716; CBDC&#47484; &#48277;&#51004;&#47196; &#50689;&#44396;&#55176; &#44552;&#51648;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; 2&#45380;&#44036; &#44536; &#44600;&#51008; &#49324;&#49892;&#49345; &#45803;&#54804;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#54788;&#51116; &#48120;&#44397;&#50640;&#49436; CBDC&#47484; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#47561;&#45716; &#51109;&#52824;&#45716; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51032;<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/strengthening-american-leadership-in-digital-financial-technology/"> 2025&#45380; 1&#50900; &#54665;&#51221;&#47749;&#47161;</a>&#51060; &#49324;&#49892;&#49345; &#50976;&#51068;&#54616;&#45796;. &#54665;&#51221;&#47749;&#47161;&#51008; &#45796;&#51020; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51060; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#46244;&#51665;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#44592;&#50640; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; CBDC &#44552;&#51648;&#47484; &#48277;&#51004;&#47196; &#47803; &#48149;&#51004;&#47140; &#54664;&#44256;, &#50640;&#47672; &#51032;&#50896;&#51032; &#48152;CBDC &#44048;&#49884;&#44397;&#44032;&#48277;&#51060; 2025&#45380; 7&#50900; &#54616;&#50896;&#51012; &#53685;&#44284;&#54620; &#44163;&#46020; &#44536;&#47000;&#49436;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#48277;&#50504;&#51008; &#49345;&#50896; &#47928;&#53553;&#51012; &#45336;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#44256;, &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51060; &#54616;&#50896;&#183;&#49345;&#50896;&#51012; &#47784;&#46160; &#51109;&#50501;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#53685;&#44284; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51008; &#45908; &#45230;&#50500;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44208;&#44397; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; 2&#45380;&#44036; &#49352; &#48277;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#45824;&#49888;, &#51060;&#48120; &#51228;&#51221;&#46108; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#51032; &#49884;&#54665; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#44048;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#51665;&#51473;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51116;&#47924;&#48512;&#44032;<a href="https://downloads.regulations.gov/TREAS-DO-2025-0037-0412/attachment_1.pdf"> &#49884;&#54665;&#44508;&#52825;</a>&#51012; &#47564;&#46308; &#46412; &#51221;&#48512;&#44032; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#46308;&#50668;&#45796;&#48380; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51109;&#52824;&#47484; &#45347;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#51648; &#46384;&#51648;&#45716; &#49885;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54665;&#51221;&#47749;&#47161;&#51060; &#50976;&#51648;&#46104;&#45716; 2029&#45380; 1&#50900;&#44620;&#51648;&#45716; CBDC&#44032; &#46020;&#51077;&#46112; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#45230;&#51008; &#47564;&#53372;, &#51060;&#46308;&#51032; &#51452;&#46108; &#51204;&#49440;&#51008; CBDC &#51200;&#51648;&#50640;&#49436; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#54532;&#46972;&#51060;&#48260;&#49884;&#47196; &#50734;&#44200; &#44040; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#45458;&#45796;.</p><h2>4. &#55120;&#47492;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51004;&#47196; &#44592;&#50872;&#50632;&#45796;</h2><p><strong>&#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#49345;&#50896;&#183;&#54616;&#50896; &#44284;&#48152;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54664;&#44256;, &#45224;&#51008; &#44060;&#54364; &#44208;&#44284;&#50752; &#44288;&#44228;&#50630;&#51060; &#50689;&#54693;&#47141;&#51060; &#52964;&#51276;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>&#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51032; &#54788;&#51116; &#44592;&#51312;&#47484; &#48372;&#47732; &#49352; &#48277;&#51012; &#49436;&#46160;&#47476;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#51648;&#51201;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51452;&#50836; &#50948;&#50896;&#54924; &#51032;&#50896;&#46308;&#51060; &#49440;&#44144; &#51204;&#48512;&#53552; &#51060; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#52572;&#50864;&#49440; &#51312;&#49324; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#44861;&#50500; &#50772;&#44256;, &#45796;&#49688;&#45817;&#51060; &#46104;&#47732; &#49548;&#54872;&#51109;&#51012; &#48156;&#48512;&#54624; &#44428;&#54620;&#44620;&#51648; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50500;&#50872;&#47084; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51012; &#45796;&#49884; &#45436;&#51032;&#54616;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; &#44277;&#51649;&#51088; &#51060;&#54644;&#52649;&#46028; &#48169;&#51648;&#50752; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#51312;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#45236;&#44152; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;. &#51648;&#45212; 9&#50900; &#49345;&#50896; &#54364;&#44208;&#50640;&#49436; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#52268;&#49457;&#54364;&#44032; &#54620; &#54364;&#46020; &#45208;&#50724;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#45936;&#50640;&#46020; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#53360; &#44152;&#47548;&#46028;&#51060;&#50632;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. </p><p>&#48152;&#47732; &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#51228;&#51221;&#46108; &#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#49828;&#48277;&#51012; &#51648;&#53412;&#44256; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817;&#51032; &#44508;&#51228; &#44053;&#54868; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#47561;&#45716; &#45936; &#51665;&#51473;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49548;&#49688;&#45817;&#51060; &#46108; &#51060;&#49345; &#49352; &#48277;&#51012; &#53685;&#44284;&#49884;&#53412;&#44592;&#45716; &#50612;&#47157;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49345;&#50896;&#50640;&#49436; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#47140;&#47732; 60&#54364;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#44256; &#47560;&#51648;&#47561;&#50640;&#45716; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51060; &#44144;&#48512;&#44428;&#51012; &#51536;&#44256; &#51080;&#50612; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#48277;&#50504;&#51012; &#47561;&#51012; &#49688;&#45800;&#51008; &#45224;&#50500; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000;&#48277;&#51032; &#53685;&#44284;&#50640;&#45716; &#51201;&#49888;&#54840;&#44032; &#53020;&#51276;&#44256;, &#45208;&#50500;&#44032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44508;&#51228;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#53360; &#50896;&#46041;&#47141;&#51060;&#50632;&#45912; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#50640;&#44172;&#46020; &#51228;&#46041;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536; &#49345;&#54889;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44277;&#54868;&#45817;&#51008; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#44057;&#51008; &#44592;&#51312;&#47196; &#50880;&#51649;&#51060;&#44192;&#51648;&#47564; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51032; &#50880;&#51649;&#51076;&#50640; &#51228;&#54620;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536; &#51060;&#49345; &#44592;&#51316;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#49549;&#46020;&#45716; &#48148;&#46980; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;. </strong></p><p><strong>&#51060;&#50640; &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#48124;&#51452;&#45817; &#51452;&#50836; &#51064;&#49324;&#51032; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51068;&#44032;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#48156;&#50616;&#46308;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#45824;&#53685;&#47161;&#51032; &#45824;&#52376;&#47484; &#48372;&#47728; &#44508;&#51228;&#51032; &#48169;&#54693;&#49457;&#44284; &#49549;&#46020;&#47484; &#50696;&#49345;&#54644;&#48400;&#50556; &#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>&#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50752; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/change-in-the-us-kor">&#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51221;&#48512; 1&#45380;, &#48120;&#44397; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/what-businesses-should-you-build-kor">&#53364;&#47000;&#47532;&#54000; &#48277;&#50504; &#53685;&#44284;, &#45817;&#49888;&#51060; &#54644;&#50556; &#54624; 6&#44032;&#51648; &#48708;&#51592;&#45768;&#49828;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/us-bitcoin-strategic-reserve-what-kor">&#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064; &#51204;&#47029; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;, &#50616;&#51228; &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51460; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#44032;?</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944; &#51060;&#50857; &#50504;&#45236;</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Democrats Take Congress: What the U.S. Midterms Mean for Digital Assets]]></title><description><![CDATA[Democrats now control both chambers. See how Warren, Brown and Waters could stall the CLARITY Act, why WLF probes come first, and how Republicans defend GENIUS.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 12:29:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/223463056/c13fc70ddfaaed901e21eb21466dd08c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/democrats-take-congress-what-the-us-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>Democrats have secured majorities in both chambers, with 54 Senate seats and 228 House seats. Control of the digital asset legislative agenda will shift from Republicans to Democrats after two years of Republican leadership.</p></li><li><p>Industry critics such as Elizabeth Warren, Sherrod Brown, and Maxine Waters are likely to lead key committees. Their influence will make existing digital asset bills harder to pass, while congressional attention is expected to turn to investigations into World Liberty Financial (WLF), the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset business.</p></li><li><p>Even moderate and pro-crypto Democrats want conflict-of-interest rules for public officials. Negotiations over these provisions could delay the CLARITY Act longer than expected.</p></li><li><p>Republicans will focus on defending the GENIUS Act rather than passing new legislation. They can still use the Senate&#8217;s 60-vote threshold for overcoming filibusters and the threat of a presidential veto to block Democratic proposals.</p></li><li><p>President Trump will face greater constraints on his crypto-friendly agenda. The direction and pace of regulation will depend on how Democrats pursue the Trump family&#8217;s business interests and how the White House responds.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. Where the U.S. Midterm Results Stand</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png" width="1456" height="721" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:721,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:58146,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OFiE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb817b780-1bc8-4a88-9b94-6894acea0ea1_1456x721.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Democrats have secured 54 of the Senate&#8217;s 100 seats and 228 of the House&#8217;s 435 seats, exceeding the majority thresholds of 51 and 218, respectively. These results represent gains of seven Senate seats and 25 House seats. Two Senate races and 68 House races remain uncalled, but Democratic control of both chambers is already assured.</p><p>When the new Congress convenes in January 2027, Democrats will control the legislative agenda and committee chairmanships.</p><p><strong>The result matters for digital assets because Republicans led the two major legislative efforts that have shaped the market over the past two years: the<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1582/all-info"> GENIUS Act</a> and the<a href="https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2025/roll199.xml"> CLARITY Act</a>. Democrats will now be able to block further legislation and revisit the framework Republicans have built, with broad implications for the market.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. Where Elected Democrats Stand on Digital Assets</h2><p>The Democrats elected to Congress fall broadly into three groups, based on their past statements and records:</p><ol><li><p>Traditional critics who view digital assets as an industry designed to evade regulation.</p></li><li><p>Moderates who support clear rules but insist on conflict-of-interest restrictions for public officials and stronger consumer protections.</p></li><li><p>A smaller pro-crypto group that wants to bring the industry into the regulated financial system through a clear legal framework.</p></li></ol><p><strong>The challenge for the industry is that critics are likely to secure the committee chairmanships that determine which bills advance.</strong></p><p><strong>Moderates and pro-crypto Democrats are not unconditional allies, either. They also want Congress to address the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset businesses, making it unlikely that the current bills will advance unchanged.</strong></p><h3>2.1. Critics Are Likely to Lead Key Committees</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/df54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:126391,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yyg0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdf54cc73-bce4-4b35-b73c-5d166d4d6c56_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The election has strengthened the position of the industry&#8217;s critics within the Democratic Party.</strong></p><p>Figures such as Senator Elizabeth Warren, who ran in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary, see digital assets as an industry built to avoid regulation. They have consistently opposed industry-friendly legislation. With Democrats taking the majority, these lawmakers are more likely to lead the committees responsible for digital asset bills.</p><p><strong>Senator-elect Sherrod Brown, a former three-term senator from Ohio and former chair of the Senate Banking Committee, is among the industry&#8217;s most prominent critics. As committee chair, he prevented crypto legislation from advancing.</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/majority/brown-we-must-protect-consumers-and-the-economy-from-stablecoin-risks">At a 2021 stablecoin hearing</a>, Brown argued that stablecoins were neither decentralized nor transparent. He has now won despite crypto-backed political groups spending<a href="https://www.coindesk.com/opinion/2026/11/02/big-crypto-wants-the-one-thing-it-can-t-buy-your-vote"> approximately $63 million</a> to prevent his return to the Senate. That history gives the industry little reason to expect a warmer reception.</p><p><strong>Representative Maxine Waters, who has served in the House since 1991, is widely considered the leading candidate to chair the House Financial Services Committee.</strong></p><p>Waters is currently the committee&#8217;s ranking Democrat. She previously chaired it from 2019 to 2023, becoming the first woman and the first Black person to hold the position. With Democrats regaining the House,<a href="https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/td-cowen-democratic-congress-clarity-act"> she is expected to return to the role</a>.</p><p>When the GENIUS Act passed the Senate, Waters criticized it as<a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=413530"> riddled with loopholes</a>, arguing that there was nothing smart about it despite its name. She also described<a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=415414"> the recent Binance hack</a> as a warning that the crypto industry cannot operate without strong accountability.</p><p><strong>With these lawmakers leading key committees, the digital asset agenda that Republicans advanced over the past two years will face much greater resistance.</strong></p><p>Their first target is likely to be World Liberty Financial, the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset business. Democrats have already called for Senate hearings following reports that an investor linked to Abu Dhabi&#8217;s royal family<a href="https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/minority/senate-democratic-leaders-call-for-hearings-into-extent-of-donald-trump-trump-family-and-senior-trump-administration-officials-cashing-in-on-foreign-crypto-deals"> acquired a 49% stake in WLF for approximately $500 million</a>, four days before Trump&#8217;s inauguration.</p><p>Congress is also likely to examine<a href="https://democrats-financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/01.14.2026_ltr_sec_rfcryptoe.pdf"> why the SEC dropped more than ten digital asset enforcement cases</a>, an issue Waters has already called for an investigation into. Senate Democrats could put further pressure on regulators by<a href="https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/td-cowen-democratic-congress-clarity-act"> delaying confirmations for key SEC and CFTC positions</a>.</p><p><strong>In the first half of 2027, digital asset headlines may therefore center on investigations into WLF associates and subpoenas for the SEC chair, with legislative progress receiving less attention.</strong></p><h3>2.2. Moderates Support Clear Rules, With Conditions</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:123719,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1sGQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F69338f67-735e-4bcc-a0e2-b4fb1b0b4d4e_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Moderate Democrats generally support digital asset legislation but also want stronger consumer protections and conflict-of-interest restrictions for public officials. If the CLARITY Act returns to a Democratic-led Congress, their demands could determine its final form.</p><p>Representative Ro Khanna has long supported clear rules for digital assets. In 2022, he<a href="https://agriculture.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=7284"> co-sponsored the Digital Commodity Exchange Act</a>, which emphasized consumer protection and transparency. In 2025, he said Congress could pass both stablecoin legislation and the CLARITY Act that year. At the same event, however, he argued that<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/stablecoin-market-structure-bills-done-this-year-rep-khanna"> elected officials should not hold memecoins</a>.</p><p>Khanna has also been discussed as a potential 2028 presidential candidate, giving him further reason to emphasize conflicts of interest involving public officials.</p><p>Senator-elect Roy Cooper, a former North Carolina governor, has no federal voting record. During the campaign, however, he met with industry representatives and said the industry wanted to comply with the law. Businesses, he argued,<a href="https://www.standwithcrypto.org/politicians/person/roy---cooper"> simply wanted to know the rules</a> and be confident that those rules would not constantly change. His position combines support for regulatory stability with an emphasis on consumer protection.</p><p><strong>As these lawmakers enter negotiations, they are likely to seek changes to the existing bills.</strong></p><p>Moderates may make their support conditional on provisions preventing public officials from using digital assets for personal gain. Khanna&#8217;s<a href="http://khanna.house.gov/media/press-releases/release-rep-khanna-announces-ban-crypto-corruption-legislation-following"> Ban Crypto Corruption legislation</a> is one example. He has also launched<a href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/congressional-oversight-in-2027-a-post-5855347"> an inquiry seeking records on WLF&#8217;s dealings with the United Arab Emirates</a>.</p><p>Lawmakers such as Cooper are likely to press for additional safeguards against illicit finance and stronger protections for consumers. But provisions aimed at the president&#8217;s family could prompt Trump to veto the legislation.</p><p>The CLARITY Act could consequently remain stalled as lawmakers negotiate between the current text and the changes Democratic moderates want.</p><h3>2.3. Pro-Crypto Democrats</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:125135,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n_t1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ba90ed4-c478-4b8f-b422-4c34a750a57e_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>This group includes lawmakers who voted for the CLARITY Act and the GENIUS Act in the House, as well as those who campaigned on establishing clear rules for digital assets. They offer the industry potential allies in a Democratic-led Congress, although they are not yet positioned to lead the relevant committees.</p><p>Representative Ritchie Torres has been one of the Democratic Party&#8217;s most active advocates for digital asset legislation. He<a href="https://www.standwithcrypto.org/politicians/person/ritchie---torres"> co-sponsored the CLARITY Act and the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act</a>, led a letter urging fellow Democrats to support the CLARITY Act ahead of the 2025 House vote, and voted for the GENIUS Act.</p><p><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-119hhrg63965/html/CHRG-119hhrg63965.htm">At an SEC oversight hearing in February 2026</a>, Torres said he had long believed in emerging technologies such as digital assets and blockchain. His support nevertheless has limits. After suspicious Polymarket trades betting on President Maduro&#8217;s removal came to light in January, he<a href="https://ritchietorres.house.gov/posts/in-response-to-suspicious-polymarket-trade-preceding-maduro-operation-rep-ritchie-torres-introduces-legislation-to-crack-down-on-insider-trading-on-prediction-markets"> introduced legislation with 30 other lawmakers</a> to prohibit public officials from using nonpublic information to trade on prediction markets.</p><p>Senator-elect Chris Pappas voted for both the CLARITY Act and the GENIUS Act while serving in the House.<a href="http://pappas.house.gov/media/press-releases/pappas-statement-on-passage-of-cryptocurrency-legislation"> After the votes</a>, he argued that U.S. leadership in innovation required embracing new technologies and establishing clear rules and safeguards for digital assets. He described the bills as a starting point for protecting consumers and supporting small business growth.</p><p>At the same time, Pappas expressed deep concern about President Trump&#8217;s disregard for established ethical standards and legal requirements, calling for stronger anti-corruption rules for public officials. In May 2026, he also<a href="http://pappas.house.gov/media/press-releases/pappas-calls-for-us-house-to-subpoena-prediction-markets-fully-investigate-corruption-and-insider-trading"> called for a House investigation</a> into corruption and insider trading on prediction markets.</p><p><strong>These lawmakers are likely to seek conflict-of-interest provisions in the CLARITY Act to attract support from other Democrats.</strong></p><p>Both Torres and Pappas have supported the bill while arguing that public officials must be prevented from exploiting their positions for personal gain. Concerns about the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset businesses were a major obstacle in September&#8217;s Senate vote, when no Democrat voted in favor. Addressing those concerns would remove one of the party&#8217;s main reasons for opposing the legislation.</p><p>Their ability to lead the process remains limited, however. Industry critics are likely to control the key committees, while provisions targeting the president&#8217;s family could meet resistance from the White House. For the industry, much will depend over the next two years on whether pro-crypto Democrats can use ethics provisions to build a compromise acceptable to both sides.</p><h2>3. Elected Republicans: The Same Agenda, Less Control</h2><p>Republicans elected to Congress continue to support private stablecoins as a means of preserving the dollar&#8217;s global dominance. They also oppose a government-issued central bank digital currency, or CBDC.</p><p><strong>Their influence has weakened, however, following the defeat of several industry-friendly Republicans, including Senator Jon Husted and Representative Bryan Steil, who chairs the House digital assets subcommittee.</strong></p><h3>3.1. The Lawmakers Behind the GENIUS Act and the CLARITY Act</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png" width="1372" height="864" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:864,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:123857,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YbST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F017eb2ae-e515-4df7-ace2-48ad566af3d8_1372x864.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Senator Bill Hagerty and Representative Glenn Thompson, both reelected, helped write the frameworks behind stablecoin legislation and the CLARITY Act. With Republicans losing their majorities in both chambers, their priority will shift to preserving the legislative gains they have already made.</p><p><strong>Republican lawmakers will now spend more of their time defending existing policy.</strong></p><p>They are likely to focus on protecting the GENIUS Act, using the Senate&#8217;s 60-vote threshold for overcoming filibusters and the threat of a Trump veto to block Democratic efforts to tighten regulation. They may also support the SEC and CFTC in developing rules under their existing authority, allowing policy work to continue without new legislation.</p><h3>3.2. Firm Opponents of a CBDC</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png" width="1372" height="981" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:981,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:164378,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tMyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eeced0b-53f3-4fbe-b6c8-bce920b79ae3_1372x981.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Opposition to a CBDC is one of the clearest points of agreement among elected Republicans. They see digital asset policy as a way to develop the industry while limiting government surveillance of financial activity.</p><p>These lawmakers support private sector digital assets but firmly oppose a digital dollar issued directly by the government. They view a CBDC as<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2025-07-17/html/CREC-2025-07-17-pt1-PgH3427.htm"> a potential tool for monitoring individual transactions</a> and favor private stablecoins as an alternative.</p><p><strong>Their goal is to prohibit a CBDC by statute. With Democrats controlling Congress, that route is effectively closed for the next two years.</strong></p><p>President Trump&#8217;s<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/strengthening-american-leadership-in-digital-financial-technology/"> January 2025 executive order</a> remains the principal explicit federal prohibition on a U.S. CBDC. Because a future president could reverse the order, Republican lawmakers have sought to put the ban into law. Representative Tom Emmer&#8217;s Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act passed the House in July 2025 but did not clear the Senate. Its prospects have weakened further under Democratic control of both chambers.</p><p>These lawmakers are therefore likely to focus on overseeing implementation of the GENIUS Act. For example, they may scrutinize whether<a href="https://downloads.regulations.gov/TREAS-DO-2025-0037-0412/attachment_1.pdf"> Treasury&#8217;s implementing rules</a> introduce mechanisms that would allow the government to monitor stablecoin transactions.</p><p>A CBDC is unlikely to be introduced during the remainder of Trump&#8217;s term, which runs through January 2029, as long as the executive order remains in place. Their attention is consequently likely to shift toward privacy protections for stablecoin users.</p><h2>4. Democrats Now Set the Congressional Agenda</h2><p><strong>Democrats have secured majorities in both chambers. The remaining election results will determine the size of those majorities, but congressional control has already shifted.</strong></p><p>Their current positions suggest that investigating the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset businesses will take priority over passing new legislation. Leading Democrats on the relevant committees identified these businesses as a top investigative priority before the election. As the majority party, they will have the authority to issue subpoenas.</p><p>Even if Democrats take up the CLARITY Act again, they are likely to demand stronger consumer protections and conflict-of-interest restrictions for public officials. Concerns about the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset businesses were a major obstacle in September&#8217;s Senate vote, when the bill received no Democratic support.</p><p>Republicans will focus on defending the GENIUS Act and blocking Democratic proposals to tighten regulation. Their minority status makes passing new laws difficult, but they retain substantial power to obstruct legislation. Most contested bills need 60 votes to overcome a Senate filibuster, and Trump can veto legislation that reaches his desk.</p><p><strong>The CLARITY Act now faces a harder path to passage. Trump, who has been the main political force behind the administration&#8217;s crypto-friendly agenda, will also have less room to act. Republicans&#8217; policy goals remain largely unchanged, but progress is likely to slow.</strong></p><p>To assess the direction and pace of regulation, the industry will need to watch how leading Democrats pursue the Trump family&#8217;s digital asset interests and how the White House responds.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/change-in-the-us-eng">One Year Under the Trump Administration: Changes in the U.S. Crypto Industry</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/what-businesses-should-you-build-eng">CLARITY Act Is Law: 6 Businesses to Move On Now</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/us-bitcoin-strategic-reserve-what-eng">U.S. Bitcoin Strategic Reserve: What It Will Actually Mean for the Market</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[JP모건 키넥시스: 은행은 블록체인을 어떻게 써야 하는가?]]></title><description><![CDATA[JP&#47784;&#44148; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#48512; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; BDA&#183;JPM &#53076;&#51064;&#183;&#51068;&#51473; &#47112;&#54252;&#183;&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#54144;&#46300;&#47484; &#49892;&#51228; &#44144;&#47000; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50752; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#44592;&#47197;&#51004;&#47196; &#48516;&#49437;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. 10&#45380;&#44036;&#51032; &#53804;&#51088;&#44032; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456; &#49457;&#44284;&#50752; &#54620;&#44228;, &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#50024;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#51674;&#50612;&#48389;&#45768;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 14:09:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/223323960/76d9d5627c8682d0ab597f39bf964406.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#54616;&#47336; 12&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#50724;&#44032;&#45716; &#49464;&#44228; &#52572;&#45824; &#45804;&#47084; &#44208;&#51228; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060;&#44256;, &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#48512; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#50640;&#49436; &#51060; &#44208;&#51228;&#47484; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#49345;&#54408;&#51012; &#47564;&#46308;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#48164;&#45230;&#50630;&#51060; &#46024;&#51012; &#50734;&#44592;&#45716; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50696;&#44552;&#44228;&#51340;(BDA)&#44032; &#44032;&#51109; &#47566;&#51060; &#50416;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008; &#47566;&#50500;&#50556; 35&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#51204;&#52404; &#44208;&#51228;&#51032; 0.03%&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54616;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#50696;&#44552;&#51012; &#53076;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#44988; JPM &#53076;&#51064;&#51008; &#52636;&#49884; &#54980; 48&#48264; &#50880;&#51649;&#50688;&#51012; &#49104;&#51060;&#44256;, &#47751; &#49884;&#44036; &#45800;&#50948;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45716; 2022&#45380; &#51060;&#54980; &#49892;&#51201;&#51012; &#48157;&#55176;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#48152;&#47732; &#54144;&#46300;&#47484; &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#47564;&#46304; JLTXX&#50640;&#45716; &#46160; &#45804; &#47564;&#50640; 8&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#47784;&#50688;&#45716;&#45936;, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; &#45347;&#50632;&#51012; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#49457;&#44284;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#51089;&#51648;&#47564;, JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#44032;&#51652; &#44208;&#51228; &#44256;&#44061;&#44284; &#50696;&#44552;&#51012; &#48156;&#54032;&#51004;&#47196; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#51312;&#44552;&#50473; &#45331;&#55176;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;: &#54616;&#47336; 12&#51312; &#45804;&#47084; &#44208;&#51228; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#48512;</h2><p>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#54616;&#47336; &#50557; 12&#51312; &#45804;&#47084; &#44508;&#47784;&#51032; &#51088;&#44552;&#44284; 120&#44060; &#53685;&#54868;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#49464;&#44228; &#52572;&#45824;&#51032; &#45804;&#47084; &#44208;&#51228; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44208;&#51228;&#49324;&#50629;&#48512; &#47588;&#52636;&#51008; 2025&#45380; &#49324;&#49345; &#52572;&#45824;&#52824;&#51064; 193&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#44592;&#47197;&#54620; &#45936; &#51060;&#50612;, 2026&#45380; 3&#48516;&#44592;&#50640;&#46020; &#44592;&#50629;&#53804;&#51088;&#51008;&#54665;(CIB) &#48512;&#47928; &#45236; &#52572;&#45824; &#47588;&#52636;&#51012; &#45804;&#49457;&#54616;&#47728; &#44536;&#47353;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#49688;&#51061;&#50896; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#54869;&#44256;&#55176; &#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#52572;&#44540; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#48169;&#45824;&#54620; &#44208;&#51228; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#51088;&#46041;&#54868;&#54616;&#44256; &#54952;&#50984;&#49457;&#51012; &#45458;&#51060;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#54645;&#49900; &#44208;&#51228;&#47581;&#51012; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44592;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#51201;&#44537; &#51204;&#54872;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#47728;, &#44536; &#51473;&#49900;&#50640; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;(Kinexys)&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png" width="1278" height="952" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B1k-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcb0aa276-92af-4479-adc3-7a14823bbdeb_1278x952.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;(Kinexys)&#45716; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#45236;&#48512; &#49324;&#50629;&#48512;&#51060;&#51088; &#51452;&#50836; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51060;&#45796;. 2015&#45380; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50672;&#44396; &#51312;&#51649;&#51004;&#47196; &#52636;&#48156;&#54644; 2024&#45380; 11&#50900; &#54788;&#51116;&#51032; &#49324;&#47749;&#51004;&#47196; &#48320;&#44221;&#46108; &#50724;&#47000;&#46108; &#49324;&#50629;&#48512;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; &#47785;&#54364;&#45716; <a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/about">"&#50616;&#51228;&#45208; &#53020;&#51256; &#51080;&#44256;, &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47000;&#48141;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;"</a> &#44552;&#50997; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47484; &#44396;&#52629;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#51204;&#52404;&#47484; &#48155;&#46300;&#45716; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#50696;&#44552;&#44284; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#45800;&#51068; &#51109;&#48512;&#50640;&#49436; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#50724;&#44032;&#47728; &#49324;&#51204; &#49444;&#51221;&#46108; &#51312;&#44148;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51088;&#46041; &#51221;&#49328;&#46104;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#45716; &#54645;&#49900; &#44208;&#51228;&#47581;&#44284; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#48512;&#53552; &#47553;&#53356;(Liink) &#48143; &#47017;&#49828;(Labs)&#47484; &#53685;&#54620; &#44592;&#45733; &#54869;&#51109;&#44620;&#51648;, &#51088;&#52404; &#52404;&#51064;&#51012; &#44592;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#51648;&#50896;&#54616;&#45716; &#50732;&#51064;&#50896;(All-in-one) &#51333;&#54633; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. BDA: 24&#49884;&#44036; &#51221;&#49328;&#46104;&#45716; &#50696;&#44552;&#44228;&#51340;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png" width="1510" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:750,&quot;width&quot;:1510,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:237930,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrri!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F03ffa0af-b930-4089-9430-4630ed39854a_1510x750.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; &#47700;&#51064; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45716;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/blockchain-deposit-accounts"> BDA(Blockchain Deposit Account)</a>&#45796;. JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; &#50868;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50948;&#51032; &#50696;&#44552;&#44228;&#51340;&#47196;, &#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#51008;&#54665; &#50689;&#50629;&#49884;&#44036;&#50640; &#47926;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#46024;&#51012; &#50734;&#44592;&#44256; &#51221;&#49328;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#47564;&#46304; &#49345;&#54408;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47484; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#44172; &#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#51109;&#48512; &#44396;&#51312;&#45796;. BDA&#45180;&#47532;&#45716; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; &#50868;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716; &#44057;&#51008; &#51109;&#48512; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#49707;&#51088;&#47564; &#48148;&#45068;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640;, &#51008;&#54665; &#50689;&#50629;&#49884;&#44036;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#48164;&#51060;&#45208; &#51452;&#47568;&#50640;&#46020; &#48148;&#47196; &#51221;&#49328;&#46108;&#45796;. &#50668;&#44592;&#50640; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060; &#47582;&#51004;&#47732; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#50734;&#44592;&#45716;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/digital-payments/programmable-payments"> &#51088;&#46041; &#51060;&#52404;</a>&#50752;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/on-chain-fx"> &#54872;&#51204;</a> &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#46020; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#44208;&#51228;&#44592;&#50629;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/ebanx-kinexys-blockchain-settlement"> EBANX</a>&#45796;. </strong></p><p>EBANX&#45716; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; BDA&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#45208;&#46972;&#48324; &#52376;&#47532; &#49884;&#44036;&#44284; &#51473;&#44036; &#45800;&#44228;&#47196; &#54616;&#47336; &#51060;&#49345; &#44152;&#47532;&#45912; 20&#50668; &#44060;&#44397; &#44036; &#51088;&#49324; &#44228;&#51340; &#51060;&#52404; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#47751; &#48516;&#51004;&#47196; &#45800;&#52629;&#54664;&#45796;. JP&#47784;&#44148; &#51109;&#48512; &#45236; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#51221;&#49328;&#51004;&#47196; &#49569;&#44552; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#47751; &#48516;&#51004;&#47196; &#45800;&#52629;&#46104;&#44256; &#49884;&#52264;&#50752; &#44288;&#44228;&#50630;&#51060; &#51077;&#44552; &#54869;&#51064;&#51060; &#44032;&#45733;&#54644;&#51256;, &#44228;&#51340;&#48324; &#50696;&#48708; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#51460;&#51068; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46096;&#45796;.</p><p>BDA &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008; 2025&#45380; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#44032; MIT &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#54868;&#54224; &#51060;&#45768;&#49492;&#54000;&#48652;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#45240;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/documents/Application-of-Programmability-to-Commercial-Banking-and-Payments.pdf"> &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732;, BDA&#51032; &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008; 10&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51060;&#49345;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49884; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828; &#51204;&#52404; &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008;<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2024/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> 20&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51060;&#49345;</a>&#51004;&#47196;, BDA&#44032; &#51208;&#48152;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#47564;&#53372; &#44032;&#51109; &#51452;&#50836;&#54620; &#44592;&#45733;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png" width="1336" height="808" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:808,&quot;width&quot;:1336,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:188145,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nFYT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F200b8097-0e5c-439e-904c-51c8ca4d5306_1336x808.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51060;&#54980; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; BDA&#51032; &#49892;&#51201;&#51012; &#48324;&#46020;&#47196; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#51652; &#50506;&#50520;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; &#51204;&#52404; &#44144;&#47000; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#44984;&#51456;&#54620; &#49457;&#51109;&#49464;&#47484; &#48372;&#50688;&#45796;. &#54616;&#47336; &#54217;&#44512; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008; 2025&#45380;<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2025/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> 50&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51060;&#49345;</a>&#50640;&#49436; 2026&#45380; 7&#50900;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/kinexys-jpm-coin-industry-recognition-2026"> &#50557; 70&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#47196; &#45720;&#50632;&#45796;. <strong>2025&#45380; 1&#50900;&#52376;&#47100; BDA&#44032; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; &#51208;&#48152;&#44032;&#47049;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#48372;&#47732; &#51648;&#44552; BDA&#51032; &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51008; &#47566;&#50500;&#50556; &#50557; 35&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#52628;&#51221;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#47112;&#54252;&#44620;&#51648; &#54633;&#52828; &#49707;&#51088;&#47196; &#48400;&#46020; JP&#47784;&#44148; &#51204;&#52404; &#44208;&#51228; &#44508;&#47784;&#50640; &#48708;&#54616;&#47732; &#50500;&#51649; &#51089;&#45796;. &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828; &#51204;&#52404; &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529; 70&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#45716;<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2025/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> &#44208;&#51228;&#49324;&#50629;&#48512; &#54616;&#47336; &#52376;&#47532;&#50529;</a>(&#50557; 12&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;)&#51032; &#50557; 0.06%&#51060;&#44256;, BDA &#52628;&#51221;&#52824;(&#50557; 35&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;)&#47196; &#48372;&#47732; &#50557; 0.03%&#45796;. </p><p><strong>BDA&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#49892;&#51228; &#44592;&#50629; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#50724;&#44032;&#45716; &#49345;&#50857; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#51064; &#44163;&#51008; &#47582;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; JP&#47784;&#44148; &#51204;&#52404; &#44208;&#51228; &#44508;&#47784;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368;&#54616;&#47732; &#50500;&#51649; &#51068;&#48512; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324; &#44036; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#50734;&#44592;&#45716; &#45936; &#51452;&#47196; &#49324;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#52488;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640; &#44032;&#44637;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47100;&#50640;&#46020; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51060; &#51648;&#49549;&#54644;&#49436; &#45720;&#50612;&#45208;&#47728; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#51032; &#54952;&#50857;&#49457;&#51012; &#51613;&#47749;&#54644; &#45208;&#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2>3. JPM &#53076;&#51064;(JPMD): &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#45208;&#44036; &#50696;&#44552;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png" width="1568" height="746" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:746,&quot;width&quot;:1568,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:210655,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ee9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0557d3a-54aa-4df4-9d9d-83c1e3e9571c_1568x746.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/jpm-coin">JPM &#53076;&#51064;(JPMD)</a>&#51008; BDA&#51032; &#50696;&#44552;&#51012; &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064; &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#44988; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. JP&#47784;&#44148; &#44256;&#44061;&#45180;&#47532;&#47564; &#50416;&#45912; &#50696;&#44552;&#51012; &#51008;&#54665; &#48150; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#50416;&#44172; &#54616;&#47140;&#44256; &#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49324;&#50857; &#48169;&#49885;&#51008; &#44592;&#50629;&#51008; BDA &#51092;&#50529;&#51004;&#47196; JPM &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#48156;&#54665;&#54644; &#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#45208; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000; &#45824;&#44552;&#51012; &#52824;&#47476;&#44256;, &#45796; &#50416;&#47732; &#45796;&#49884; BDA&#47196; &#49345;&#54872;&#54620;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#50500;&#47924;&#45208; &#44032;&#51656; &#49688;&#45716; &#50630;&#44256;, JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; &#49849;&#51064;&#54620; &#51648;&#44049;&#47564; &#48372;&#50976;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; &#45432;&#47532;&#45716; &#54952;&#44284;&#45716; &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064; &#50948; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51008;&#54665; &#50696;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#47196; &#51221;&#49328;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>&#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; &#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#45824;&#44552;&#51012; &#52824;&#47476;&#47140;&#47732; &#51452;&#47196; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#50024;&#50556; &#54664;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#52636;&#49884; &#46412; &#49884;&#54744;&#50640; &#52280;&#50668;&#54620; B2C2&#46020; &#44057;&#51008; &#51060;&#50976;&#47196;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/jpm-coin-usd-deposit-token-institutional-clients"> "&#44508;&#51228;&#48155;&#45716; &#45804;&#47084; &#50696;&#44552;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#47484; &#44054;&#52632; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#51221;&#49328;"</a>&#51012; &#44592;&#45824;&#54664;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#51060;&#47196; &#51064;&#54620; &#48708;&#50857; &#51208;&#44048; &#54952;&#44284;&#47484; &#49688;&#52824;&#47196; &#45236;&#45459;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#54869;&#51064; &#44208;&#44284;, &#52404;&#51064;&#48324; JPMD&#51032; &#48156;&#54665; &#48143; &#49324;&#50857; &#54788;&#54889;&#51008; &#45796;&#51020;&#44284; &#44057;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;(Base): </strong>2025&#45380; 6&#50900; &#52395; &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980; &#51060;&#52404; &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; 48&#44148;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54616;&#47728;, 2026&#45380; 2&#50900; 20&#51068; &#51060;&#54980;&#47196;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#51204;&#54784; &#50630;&#45796;. 11&#50900; 3&#51068; &#44592;&#51456; &#48156;&#54665; &#51092;&#50529;&#51008; &#50557; 100&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196;, &#44057;&#51008; &#52404;&#51064;&#51032; <a href="https://basescan.org/token/0x833589fcd6edb6e08f4c7c32d4f71b54bda02913">USDC &#48156;&#54665;&#47049;(&#50557; 43&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;)</a> &#45824;&#48708; 0.02% &#49688;&#51456;&#50640; &#44536;&#52828;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;(Ethereum): </strong>&#51060;&#54980; &#52636;&#49884;&#46108; <a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0xb2906cCED1b2c8330480414CeFA1eb52bDBd73A3">&#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#48260;&#51204;</a>&#51008; &#45800; &#54620; &#44148;&#46020; &#48156;&#54665;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#51004;&#47728;, &#52488;&#44592; &#49884;&#54744; &#52280;&#50668;&#49324; &#50808;&#50640; &#49892;&#49324;&#50857; &#49324;&#47168;&#47196; &#54869;&#51064;&#46108; &#44256;&#44061;&#46020; &#50630;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#44592;&#45824;&#50752; &#45804;&#47532; &#49892;&#51228; &#54876;&#50857; &#49324;&#47168;&#45716; &#50630;&#45796;&#44256; &#48400;&#46020; &#47924;&#48169;&#54616;&#45796;. JPM &#53076;&#51064;&#51008; 2025&#45380;&#44284; 2026&#45380;&#50640; &#44152;&#52432; &#48156;&#54665;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#45208;, &#49892;&#51228; &#49345;&#50857;&#54868; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54876;&#50857;&#46104;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; BDA &#50669;&#49884; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#50976;&#51592;&#52992;&#51060;&#49828;&#44032; &#51221;&#52265;&#54616;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#50557; 3&#45380;&#51060; &#44152;&#47160;&#51020;&#51012; &#44256;&#47140;&#54624; &#46412;, JPM &#53076;&#51064; &#46608;&#54620; &#51060;&#51228; &#47561; &#44152;&#51020;&#47560;&#47484; &#46528; &#45800;&#44228;&#47196; &#45236;&#45380; &#52488;&#48512;&#53552; &#48376;&#44201;&#51201;&#51064; &#54876;&#50857; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#45208;&#53440;&#45216; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#44592;&#45824;&#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2>4. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49905;: &#52264;&#51077; &#44552;&#47532; 56% &#45230;&#52632; &#51068;&#51473; &#47112;&#54252;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png" width="1424" height="784" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:784,&quot;width&quot;:1424,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:189507,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-MLw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe5191935-3504-408d-bc22-a3c96c48eb3a_1424x784.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/digital-assets/digital-financing">&#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49905;</a>&#51008; &#44397;&#52292;&#47484; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#47751; &#49884;&#44036; &#45800;&#50948;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#48716;&#47532;&#45716; &#51068;&#51473; &#47112;&#54252; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>&#51008;&#54665;&#51060;&#45208; &#51613;&#44428;&#49324; &#44057;&#51008; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51008; &#54616;&#47336; &#51473;&#50640;&#46020; &#44208;&#51228; &#45824;&#44552;&#51012; &#47582;&#52628;&#45712;&#46972; &#47751; &#49884;&#44036;&#47564; &#46024;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54624; &#46412;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49905;&#51008; &#51060;&#47088; &#45800;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#51068;&#51473; &#49888;&#50857;&#54620;&#46020;&#48372;&#45796; &#45230;&#51008; &#44552;&#47532;&#47196; &#48716;&#47540; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#47564;&#46304; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44396;&#51312;&#45716; &#48716;&#47532;&#45716; &#51901;&#51008; &#44397;&#52292;&#47484;, &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#45716; &#51901;&#51008; &#54788;&#44552;&#51012; &#48120;&#47532; &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#46524;&#50612; &#46160;&#44256;, &#50557;&#49549;&#54620; &#49884;&#44033;&#51060; &#46104;&#47732; &#46168;&#51012; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#47582;&#48148;&#44988;&#45796;. &#47564;&#44592;&#47484; &#48516; &#45800;&#50948;&#47196; &#51221;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612; &#50420; &#49884;&#44036;&#47564;&#53372;&#47564; &#51060;&#51088;&#47484; &#45236;&#47732; &#46104;&#44256;, &#54788;&#44552;&#51008; BDA&#50640;&#49436; &#45208;&#44036;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#52264;&#51077; &#48708;&#50857;&#51060; &#51460;&#50632;&#45796;. JP&#47784;&#44148; &#49324;&#47168; &#50672;&#44396;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/content-hub/digital-financing"> &#54620; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;</a>&#51008; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#51068;&#51473; &#49888;&#50857;&#54620;&#46020; &#45824;&#49888; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49905;&#51012; &#50024;&#49436; &#52264;&#51077; &#44552;&#47532;&#47484; 56% &#45230;&#52676;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#51648;&#44552;&#46020; &#44536;&#47564;&#53372; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716;&#51648; &#54869;&#51064;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. </strong>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008;<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/onyx/documents/Institutional-DeFi-The-Next-Generation-of-Finance.pdf"> 2022&#45380; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;</a>&#50640;&#49436; 2020&#45380; 11&#50900; &#52636;&#49884; &#51060;&#54980; &#45572;&#51201; &#47112;&#54252;&#44032; 4,300&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#45336;&#50632;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536; &#46244;&#47196; &#47112;&#54252;&#51032; &#49688;&#52824;&#47484; &#45236;&#45459;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44221;&#51137; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#47112;&#54252; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51064; &#48652;&#47196;&#46300;&#47532;&#51648; DLR&#51032; &#49892;&#51201;&#51012; &#49332;&#54196;&#48372;&#47732;, 2026&#45380; 9&#50900; &#44592;&#51456; &#54616;&#47336; &#54217;&#44512; &#52376;&#47532;&#50529;&#51060; 3,590&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#45804;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; 2022&#45380; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#48708;&#44368;&#54616;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; DLR&#51032; &#54616;&#47336; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529;&#51060; &#45817;&#49884; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51032; &#45572;&#51201; &#44144;&#47000;&#50529; &#51208;&#48152;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612;&#49444; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#44508;&#47784;&#45796;.<strong> <a href="https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Repo/ICMA-report-DLT-and-repo-part-I-June-2026-040626.pdf">ICMA</a> &#50669;&#49884; &#49345;&#50857;&#54868; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640; &#50724;&#47480; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#47112;&#54252; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51004;&#47196; DLR&#44284; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#47484; &#44861;&#51004;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020;, JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#52404;&#50640; &#48120;&#52828; &#50689;&#54693;&#51008; &#50500;&#51649; &#51228;&#54620;&#51201;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#54217;&#44032;&#54664;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2>5. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#54144;&#46300;: &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; &#44200;&#45285;&#54644; &#46160; &#45804; &#47564;&#50640; 8&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png" width="1491" height="812" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:812,&quot;width&quot;:1491,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:230826,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qooA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aee6d7d-f4cd-4174-8c03-95d4af1dba20_1491x812.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#54144;&#46300;&#45716; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51088;&#49328;&#50868;&#50857;&#51032; &#47672;&#45768;&#47560;&#53011;&#54144;&#46300;(MMF) &#51648;&#48516;&#51012; &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064; &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#45240; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640; &#51080;&#45716; &#44592;&#44288; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; JP&#47784;&#44148; &#54144;&#46300;&#47196; &#45132;&#50612;&#50724;&#47140;&#44256; &#47564;&#46308;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54140;&#48660;&#47533;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436; &#53360;&#46024;&#51012; &#46308;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#44288;&#51008; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45796;. &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; 1&#45804;&#47084; &#45236;&#51460; &#46412;&#47560;&#45796; &#44397;&#52292; &#44057;&#51008; &#50504;&#51204;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; 1&#45804;&#47084;&#50473; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#44256; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54616;&#44256;, &#49345;&#45817;&#49688;&#45716; &#51060; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; MMF&#50640; &#45347;&#50612; &#51060;&#51088;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716;&#45796;. &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#45716; &#53664;&#50836;&#51068; &#48164;&#50640;&#46020; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#48148;&#45012; &#45804;&#46972;&#44256; &#50836;&#52397;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51068;&#48152; MMF &#51648;&#48516;&#51008; &#50868;&#50857;&#49324; &#51109;&#48512;&#50640; &#44592;&#47197;&#47564; &#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#50612; &#50900;&#50836;&#51068; &#50629;&#47924; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#46076;&#50556; &#54036;&#44144;&#45208; &#50734;&#44600; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#54144;&#46300;&#45716; &#51060; &#51109;&#48512;&#47484; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#46164; &#52292; &#44057;&#51008; &#51648;&#48516;&#47564;&#53372; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#44256;,<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/tokenized-money-market-funds"> &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;</a>&#44032; &#51109;&#48512;&#50752; &#53664;&#53360; &#49688;&#47049;&#51012; &#47582;&#52656; &#51456;&#45796;. &#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; MMF &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#44256; &#51060;&#51088;&#47484; &#48155;&#51004;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020;, &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#47732; &#48164;&#51060;&#45208; &#51452;&#47568;&#50640;&#46020; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#48148;&#47196; &#50734;&#44600; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><p>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; 2026&#45380; 5&#50900; &#45236;&#45459;&#51008; JLTXX&#46020; &#51060; &#49688;&#50836;&#47484; &#44200;&#45285;&#54644;<a href="https://am.jpmorgan.com/us/en/asset-management/adv/about-us/media/press-releases/jp-morgan-asset-management-launches-second-tokenized-fund-on-ethereum"> GENIUS&#48277; &#50500;&#47000;&#50640;&#49436; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#50424; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197;</a> &#49444;&#44228;&#46096;&#45796;.<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1659326/000119312526353379/d127628d497.htm"> &#53804;&#51088;&#49444;&#47749;&#49436;</a>&#50640;&#46020; &#51060; &#54144;&#46300; &#51648;&#48516;&#51012; "&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#50976;&#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#50696;&#49345;&#54620;&#45796;"&#44256; &#51201;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49892;&#51228;&#47196; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51060; 1&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#52636;&#48156;&#54620; JLTXX&#51032; &#49692;&#51088;&#49328;&#51008;<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1659326/000207169126023653/primary_doc.xml"> SEC &#51228;&#52636; &#51088;&#47308;</a> &#44592;&#51456; &#46160; &#45804; &#47564;&#51064; 7&#50900; &#47568; 8&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#48520;&#50612;&#45228;&#44256;, 11&#50900; 3&#51068; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#47049;&#46020;<a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0x09864f52B035AE22eE739dFa5c748fA080D07bD8"> &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;</a>&#44284;<a href="https://solscan.io/token/J4cTuCH6frt4AnEmKfMS2k8hsUf7K94PV62sjUJno8Cz"> &#49556;&#46972;&#45208;</a>&#47484; &#54633;&#52432; &#50557; 7&#50613; 9,500&#47564; &#44060;&#45796;. </p><p>JLTXX&#47484; &#45572;&#44032; &#49344;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#44592;&#50629;&#47749;&#51008; &#44277;&#44060;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#51648;&#47564;, 9&#50900; &#47568; SEC &#51228;&#52636; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48372;&#47732; &#51648;&#48516;&#51032; &#50557; 84%&#47484; &#51008;&#54665; &#46321; &#50696;&#44552;&#44592;&#44288;&#51060;, &#50557; 16%&#47484; &#48708;&#44552;&#50997; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#47749;&#51032;&#49345; &#48372;&#50976;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#44256; &#53804;&#51088;&#49444;&#47749;&#49436;&#44032; &#48157;&#55180; &#49444;&#44228; &#47785;&#51201;&#51012; &#54632;&#44760; &#48372;&#47732;, &#51060; &#46024;&#51008; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45208; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#51032; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; &#47585;&#51008; &#51008;&#54665;&#50640;&#49436; &#50772;&#51012; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#45796;. </p><p>JLTXX &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#48736;&#47476;&#44172; &#52984;&#45796;&#44256; &#54644;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#50526;&#49436; &#45208;&#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. 9&#50900; &#47568; &#44592;&#51456; JLTXX(6&#50613; 2,850&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;)&#45716;<a href="https://www.franklintempleton.com/investments/options/money-market-funds/products/29386/SINGLCLASS/franklin-on-chain-u-s-government-money-fund/FOBXX"> &#44221;&#51137;&#49324;&#51064; &#54532;&#47021;&#53364;&#47536;&#53596;&#54540;&#53556;&#51032; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#54144;&#46300;</a>(6&#50613; 6,800&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;)&#50752; &#48708;&#49847;&#54620; &#44508;&#47784;&#51060;&#44256;,<a href="https://app.rwa.xyz/treasuries"> rwa.xyz</a> &#44592;&#51456; &#48660;&#47001;&#47197; BUIDL(&#50557; 20&#50613; 8&#52380;&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;)&#50640;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#53356;&#44172; &#47803; &#48120;&#52828;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; JLTXX&#44032; &#45432;&#47532;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#51060;&#51228; &#52964;&#51648;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#45716; &#45800;&#44228;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#48120;&#44397; &#51116;&#47924;&#48512;&#51032; &#48288;&#49468;&#53944; &#51109;&#44288;&#51008; &#50557; 3,000&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#51064; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; GENIUS&#48277; &#45909;&#48516;&#50640;<a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0314"> 2030&#45380;&#44620;&#51648; 10&#48176;&#47196; &#52964;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;</a>&#44256; &#45236;&#45796;&#48420;&#44256; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; MMF&#50640; &#47585;&#44592;&#45716; &#44508;&#47784;&#46020; &#51060;&#48120; &#53356;&#45796;. USDC&#47484; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#49436;&#53364;&#51008; 9&#50900; &#47568; &#44592;&#51456; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51032; &#50557; 84%&#51064;<a href="https://www.circle.com/transparency"> &#50557; 625&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#47484; &#51204;&#50857; &#51221;&#48512; MMF &#54620; &#44275;&#50640; &#45347;&#50612; &#46160;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716;&#45936;, &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#54788;&#51116; JLTXX&#51032; &#50557; 80&#48176;&#45796;. JLTXX&#44032; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#51032; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; &#54616;&#45208;&#50473; &#47585;&#50500; &#44036;&#45796;&#47732; &#51648;&#44552;&#48372;&#45796; &#49688;&#49901; &#48176; &#49457;&#51109;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><p><strong>&#45796;&#47564; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008;<a href="https://defillama.com/stablecoins"> 11&#50900; &#44592;&#51456; &#50557; 2,955&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#47196; 1&#45380; &#51204;&#44284; &#48708;&#49847;&#54620; &#49688;&#51456;&#51060;&#46972;, &#51060; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060; &#50616;&#51228; &#54788;&#49892;&#51060; &#46112;&#51648;&#45716; &#51648;&#53020;&#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2>6. &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; 10&#45380;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#50526;&#51004;&#47196;&#51032; 10&#45380;: &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#45208;&#50500;&#44040; &#48169;&#54693;</h2><p><strong>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; 2015&#45380; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50672;&#44396; &#51312;&#51649;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644; &#50724;&#45769;&#49828;(Onyx)&#47484; &#44144;&#52432; &#54788;&#51116;&#51032; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;(Kinexys)&#50640; &#51060;&#47476;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; 10&#45380; &#45336;&#44172; &#51204;&#49324;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#51648;&#49549;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. &#50672;&#44036; 150&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#51204;&#49324; &#44592;&#49696; &#50696;&#49328;&#51012; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#51012; &#44208;&#51228;&#49324;&#50629;&#48512;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196; &#51204;&#47732; &#53685;&#54633;&#54664;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>&#53945;&#55176; &#51228;&#51060;&#48120; &#45796;&#51060;&#47676; CEO&#44032; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#45216;&#50640;&#49436; "&#44536;&#46041;&#50504; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640; &#45320;&#47924; &#47566;&#51008; &#46024;&#51012; &#50044;&#45796;(We spent too much on it)"&#44256; &#49556;&#51649;&#55176; &#51064;&#51221;&#54664;&#51012; &#47564;&#53372;, &#45800;&#49692; R&amp;D&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#49345;&#45817;&#54620; &#51088;&#50896;&#44284; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#51648;&#49549;&#54644; &#50728; &#51216;&#51008; &#53440; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#44284; &#54869;&#50672;&#55176; &#52264;&#48324;&#54868;&#46104;&#45716; &#51648;&#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>2026&#45380; &#46308;&#50612; JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; "&#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44221;&#51137;&#51088;&#46308;&#50640; &#47582;&#49436;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#50864;&#47532;&#47564;&#51032; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44592;&#49696;&#51012; &#48376;&#44201;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204;&#44060;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;(We need to roll out our own blockchain technology)"&#46972;&#47728; &#45908;&#50865; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#48169;&#54693;&#49457;&#51012; &#44053;&#51312;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; "&#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#51060; &#44208;&#44397; &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47484; &#45824;&#52404;&#54624; &#44163;"&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#49440;&#50616;&#54616;&#44256;, &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#47484; &#53685;&#54620; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#45812;&#48372; &#45824;&#52636; &#48143; &#54140;&#48660;&#47533; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; MMF &#52636;&#48276; &#46321; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#54869;&#51109;&#50640; &#45908;&#50865; &#55192;&#51012; &#49891;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828;&#51032; 10&#45380;&#51008; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51032; &#44552;&#50997; &#45824;&#51204;&#54872;&#50640; &#51080;&#50612; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#49884;&#49324;&#51216;&#51012; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51008; &#47784;&#54840;&#54620; &#49888;&#44508; &#52404;&#51064; &#44396;&#52629;&#51060;&#45208; &#49892;&#52404; &#50630;&#45716; &#46021;&#47549; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#52636;&#49884; &#45824;&#49888;, &#54616;&#47336; 12&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#45804;&#54616;&#45716; &#46021;&#51216;&#51201;&#51064; &#44208;&#51228; &#44256;&#44061; &#44592;&#48152;&#44284; &#50696;&#44552; &#51109;&#48512;&#46972;&#45716; &#48376;&#50629;&#51032; &#44053;&#51216;&#50640;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54664;&#45796;. &#47676;&#51200; BDA&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#51221;&#49328;&#44284; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324; &#44036; &#51088;&#44552; &#51060;&#46041; &#46321; &#45236;&#48512; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#51032; &#54952;&#50984;&#49457;&#51012; &#54869;&#49892;&#55176; &#44160;&#51613;&#54620; &#54980;, &#51060;&#47484; &#53664;&#45824;&#47196; JLTXX&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51004;&#47196; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#45800;&#44228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51109;&#54644; &#45208;&#44052;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44552;&#50997; &#45824;&#51204;&#54872;&#51032; &#49884;&#44592;, &#47566;&#51008; &#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#45800;&#44592; &#49457;&#44284;&#50640; &#51312;&#44553;&#54644;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; JP&#47784;&#44148; &#50669;&#49884; 10&#45380;&#50640; &#44152;&#52432; &#48376;&#50629;&#51032; &#54869;&#49892;&#54620; &#44053;&#51216;&#51064; &#50696;&#44552; &#51109;&#48512;&#50752; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#50640;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54644; &#52264;&#44540;&#52264;&#44540; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#54869;&#51109;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. JP&#47784;&#44148;&#51032; &#53412;&#45349;&#49884;&#49828; &#49324;&#47168;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#50864;&#47532;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997; &#45824;&#51204;&#54872;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51068;&#49688;&#47197; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#46021;&#51216;&#51201; &#50669;&#47049;&#50640;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54616;&#45716; &#51109;&#44592;&#51201;&#51064; &#51204;&#47029;&#51012; &#49464;&#50864;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#51652;&#51221;&#54620; &#48376;&#51656;&#51201; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#45236;&#45716; &#54645;&#49900; &#50676;&#49632;&#51076;&#51012; &#50508;&#50500;&#50556;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>&#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50752; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor">&#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;: &#50976;&#47101; MiCA&#44032; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49892;&#54665; &#44592;&#51456;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/below-the-surface-how-canton-network-kor">&#48729;&#49328; &#50500;&#47000;&#51032; &#51088;&#48376;&#49884;&#51109;: &#52884;&#53668; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356;&#44032; &#48148;&#44984;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/blackrock-buidl-263b-on-chain-reserve-kor">&#48660;&#47001;&#47197;(BlackRock)&#51032; BUIDL, $2.63B&#51032; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#44592;&#52488; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#46104;&#45796;</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944; &#51060;&#50857; &#50504;&#45236;</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[JPMorgan Kinexys: How Should Banks Use Blockchain?]]></title><description><![CDATA[How JPMorgan's Kinexys uses blockchain: 24/7 deposit accounts, JPM Coin on public chains, intraday repo and tokenized funds, and what ten years teach banks.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 14:09:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/223323915/9a1a7b0342a83966a21a320109f6328c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/jpmorgan-kinexys-how-should-banks-use-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>JPMorgan is the world's largest dollar-clearing bank, handling $12 trillion a day, and its blockchain unit Kinexys is building products to process these payments around the clock.</p></li><li><p>The Blockchain Deposit Account (BDA), which lets corporates move funds at any hour, is its main product, with estimated daily volume of about $3.5 billion, or roughly 0.03% of JPMorgan's total payments, assuming BDAs still account for half of Kinexys's total volume.</p></li><li><p>JPM Coin, which turns deposits into tokens, has recorded only 48 transfers on Base since its first issuance, and the intraday repo service, which lends funds for a matter of hours, has not disclosed figures since 2022.</p></li><li><p>JLTXX, a tokenized fund, by contrast reached $800 million in net assets within two months of launch, most likely because stablecoin issuers placed their reserves in it.</p></li><li><p>The results are still small, but JPMorgan is gradually expanding its blockchain business on the foundation of the payments clients and deposits it already has.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. Kinexys: The Blockchain Unit of a Bank That Settles $12 Trillion a Day</h2><p>JPMorgan is the world's largest dollar-clearing bank, processing roughly $12 trillion a day across 120 currencies. Its payments business posted record revenue of $19.3 billion in 2025 and, in the third quarter of 2026, generated the most revenue of any business within the Corporate &amp; Investment Bank (CIB), firmly establishing it as one of the group's core sources of revenue.</p><p><strong>JPMorgan has recently been moving its core payment rails onto blockchain to automate payment processing, run it around the clock, and improve efficiency, and Kinexys sits at the center of that shift.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png" width="1760" height="1317" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1317,&quot;width&quot;:1760,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:142331,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I6i2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fead17fec-c82b-4d68-b2bb-2f18b956715a_1760x1317.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kinexys is both an internal business unit and a key platform. Its roots date back to a blockchain research group established in 2015, and it took its current name in November 2024.</p><p>Kinexys aims to build financial infrastructure that is<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/about"> "programmable, always on."</a> Its goal extends beyond individual tokenization projects to infrastructure on which deposits and assets move on a single ledger around the clock and settle automatically according to preset conditions.</p><p><strong>Kinexys brings together blockchain-based payments, asset tokenization, and services and capabilities developed through Liink and Kinexys Labs, across private and public blockchain networks.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. BDA: Deposit Accounts That Settle 24/7</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png" width="1560" height="800" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;width&quot;:1560,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:73182,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y9LC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b7985c0-2a03-4022-863f-baa334b0dcc4_1560x800.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kinexys's main service is the<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/blockchain-deposit-accounts"> Blockchain Deposit Account (BDA)</a>. It is a deposit account on a blockchain operated by JPMorgan, designed so that corporates can move and settle funds 24 hours a day without being tied to banking hours.</p><p>This works because of how the ledger is structured. Transfers between BDAs only change balances within the same JPMorgan-operated ledger, so they settle immediately, including at night and on weekends, without waiting for banking hours. BDAs also support<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/digital-payments/programmable-payments"> programmable payments</a> that move funds automatically once set conditions are met, as well as<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/on-chain-fx"> on-chain FX</a>.</p><p><strong>Payments company<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/ebanx-kinexys-blockchain-settlement"> EBANX</a> is a leading example.</strong></p><p>Using Kinexys BDAs, EBANX reduced the time needed to transfer funds between its accounts across roughly 20 countries from more than a day, caused by country-specific processing times and intermediary steps, to a few minutes. </p><p>Because settlement happens in real time within JPMorgan's ledger, EBANX can confirm receipt regardless of time zone, which has allowed it to reduce the buffer funds it holds in each account.</p><p>According to a<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/documents/Application-of-Programmability-to-Commercial-Banking-and-Payments.pdf"> 2025 report</a> Kinexys published with the MIT Digital Currency Initiative, BDAs processed more than $1 billion a day. Kinexys's total daily volume at the time was<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2024/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> over $2 billion</a>, meaning BDAs alone accounted for half of its transaction volume and were a major contributor to its activity.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png" width="1456" height="927" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:927,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:60359,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EIlE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdebab3f-7847-422b-b592-262125612705_1456x927.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>JPMorgan has not disclosed BDA figures separately since then, but Kinexys's total volume has grown steadily. Average daily volume rose from<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2025/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> more than $5 billion</a> in 2025 to<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/kinexys-jpm-coin-industry-recognition-2026"> roughly $7 billion</a> in July 2026. <strong>Assuming BDAs still account for about half of the total, as they did in January 2025, current BDA daily volume can be estimated at about $3.5 billion.</strong></p><p>Even including repo, these figures remain small relative to JPMorgan's overall payments volume. Kinexys's total daily volume of $7 billion is about 0.06% of the<a href="https://www.jpmorganchase.com/ir/annual-report/2025/ar-ceo-letter-petno-rohrbaugh"> payments business's daily volume</a> (roughly $12 trillion), and the BDA estimate of about $3.5 billion is about 0.03%.</p><p><strong>BDA is a commercial service through which real corporate funds already move. Compared with JPMorgan's overall payments volume, however, it is still at an early stage, used mainly by a limited number of companies to move funds between their own entities. Its volume continues to grow, which indicates that the service is proving useful.</strong></p><h2>3. JPM Coin (JPMD): Deposits Moving onto Public Chains</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png" width="1760" height="744" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:744,&quot;width&quot;:1760,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:73674,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vA4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa2e3ac12-7fb7-4d22-aa19-5881a027ba3e_1760x744.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/jpm-coin">JPM Coin (JPMD)</a> turns BDA deposits into tokens on public blockchains. The aim is to let deposits that were previously usable only among JPMorgan clients be used on blockchains outside the bank.</p><p>A company issues JPM Coin from its BDA balance, uses it to pay for transactions on Base or Ethereum, and can later redeem the tokens for funds credited to its BDA. Ownership is restricted, however, since only wallets approved by JPMorgan can hold the token.</p><p><strong>JPMorgan's goal is to settle public-chain transactions directly in bank deposits.</strong></p><p>Until now, institutions that wanted to pay in dollars on public chains have mostly had to use stablecoins. B2C2, which took part in testing at launch, expected JPM Coin to provide<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/payments/newsroom/jpm-coin-usd-deposit-token-institutional-clients"> "real-time, onchain settlement with the assurance of a regulated USD deposit"</a> for the same reason. JPMorgan has not, however, quantified the resulting cost savings.</p><p>On-chain data shows the following issuance and usage of JPMD by chain.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Base:</strong> Since the first issuance in June 2025, there have been only 48 transfers, and none at all since February 20, 2026. Outstanding supply as of November 3 is about $1 million, roughly 0.02% of<a href="https://basescan.org/token/0x833589fcd6edb6e08f4c7c32d4f71b54bda02913"> USDC supply on the same chain (about $4.3 billion)</a>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ethereum:</strong> No tokens have been issued on the<a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0xb2906cCED1b2c8330480414CeFA1eb52bDBd73A3"> Ethereum version</a> launched later, and no clients beyond the initial testing participants have been identified as actual users.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Contrary to expectations, JPM Coin has seen almost no real use, despite being issued across 2025 and 2026. Given that BDA took about three years to establish real use cases, however, JPM Coin is still at a very early stage and could begin to see broader adoption in early 2027.</strong></p><h2>4. Digital Financing: Intraday Repo That Reduced One Institution's Borrowing Rate by 56%</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png" width="1640" height="880" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:880,&quot;width&quot;:1640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:73092,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3POS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faee57605-6c3f-41eb-8462-b1e8e1f6c73e_1640x880.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/digital-assets/digital-financing">Digital Financing</a> is an intraday repo service that lets institutions borrow for a matter of hours against Treasuries.</strong></p><p>Financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers sometimes need funds for only a few hours during the day to meet payment obligations. Digital Financing lets them obtain short-term funding at a lower rate than a bank's intraday credit line.</p><p>The borrower sets aside Treasuries and the lender sets aside cash, both in tokenized form, and the two are exchanged simultaneously at the agreed time. Because maturity can be set to the minute, the borrower pays interest only for the time used, and the cash leg is funded through BDAs.</p><p>This has lowered borrowing costs. According to a JPMorgan case study,<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/content-hub/digital-financing"> one global financial institution</a> cut its borrowing rate by 56% by using Digital Financing instead of a bank intraday credit line.</p><p><strong>The problem is that it is hard to verify whether the service is still used at that scale.</strong> In a<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/onyx/documents/Institutional-DeFi-The-Next-Generation-of-Finance.pdf"> 2022 report</a>, JPMorgan stated that cumulative repo volume had exceeded $430 billion since the service launched in November 2020, but it has not published repo figures since.</p><p>Broadridge's DLR, a competing blockchain repo platform, averaged $359 billion in daily volume as of September 2026. Even measured against JPMorgan's 2022 figures, DLR's daily volume alone exceeds half of JPMorgan's cumulative volume at the time, a substantial gap in scale.<a href="https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Repo/ICMA-report-DLT-and-repo-part-I-June-2026-040626.pdf"> </a></p><p><strong><a href="https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Repo/ICMA-report-DLT-and-repo-part-I-June-2026-040626.pdf">ICMA</a> also named DLR and Kinexys as blockchain repo platforms that have reached commercial scale, while assessing that JPMorgan's impact on the overall market remains limited.</strong></p><h2>5. Tokenized Funds: $800 Million in Two Months, Aimed at Stablecoin Reserves</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png" width="1760" height="824" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:824,&quot;width&quot;:1760,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:86511,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S7hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49dacc1b-f8d7-4d13-9ec9-d8181e455fdc_1760x824.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>These tokenized funds represent shares in J.P. Morgan Asset Management's money market funds (MMFs) as tokens on public blockchains.</strong> They were created to bring institutional money held on public chains into JPMorgan funds.</p><p>Stablecoin issuers are the main institutions holding large sums on public chains. For every $1 of stablecoins issued, an issuer must hold $1 in safe assets such as Treasuries as reserves, and many place these reserves in MMFs to earn interest. </p><p>The problem is timing. Stablecoin holders can ask to redeem their coins for dollars on-chain even on a Saturday night, but ordinary MMF shares exist only as entries on the fund manager's books and cannot be sold or moved until business hours resume on Monday.</p><p>Tokenized funds leave this register in place and issue an equivalent number of tokens on the blockchain, with<a href="https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/tokenized-money-market-funds"> Kinexys</a> keeping the register and the token supply in sync. Issuers can therefore hold reserves as MMF tokens and earn interest while still being able to move them on-chain immediately when needed, including at night and on weekends. </p><p>On-chain token transfers do not necessarily mean immediate cash redemption or an immediate transfer of legal ownership, however, since legal ownership of fund shares follows the fund's register of investors.</p><p>JLTXX, which JPMorgan launched in May 2026, also targets this demand and was designed<a href="https://am.jpmorgan.com/us/en/asset-management/adv/about-us/media/press-releases/jp-morgan-asset-management-launches-second-tokenized-fund-on-ethereum"> for use by stablecoin issuers under the GENIUS Act</a>. Its<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1659326/000119312526353379/d127628d497.htm"> prospectus</a> states that stablecoin issuers are expected to hold the fund's shares as part or all of their reserve assets.</p><p>JLTXX launched with $100 million from JPMorgan, and its net assets grew to $800 million by the end of July, two months later, according to<a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1659326/000207169126023653/primary_doc.xml"> SEC filings</a>. As of November 3, on-chain supply across<a href="https://etherscan.io/token/0x09864f52B035AE22eE739dFa5c748fA080D07bD8"> Ethereum</a> and<a href="https://solscan.io/token/J4cTuCH6frt4AnEmKfMS2k8hsUf7K94PV62sjUJno8Cz"> Solana</a> totaled about 795 million tokens.</p><p>The buyers of JLTXX have not been named. SEC filings as of the end of September show that depository institutions such as banks hold about 84% of shares of record and non-financial companies hold about 16%. Taken together with the design purpose stated in the prospectus, this suggests the money most likely came from stablecoin issuers or the banks that hold their reserves.</p><p>JLTXX's rapid growth does not mean it is clearly ahead of the market. As of the end of September, JLTXX ($628.5 million) was similar in size to competitor<a href="https://www.franklintempleton.com/investments/options/money-market-funds/products/29386/SINGLCLASS/franklin-on-chain-u-s-government-money-fund/FOBXX"> Franklin Templeton's on-chain fund</a> ($668 million) and still well behind BlackRock's BUIDL (about $2.08 billion), according to<a href="https://app.rwa.xyz/treasuries"> rwa.xyz</a>.</p><p><strong>The market JLTXX targets, however, is only beginning to grow.</strong></p><p>U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has projected that the stablecoin market, currently about $300 billion,<a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0314"> could grow tenfold by 2030</a> under the GENIUS Act, and the amount issuers already place in MMFs is substantial. Circle, the issuer of USDC, held<a href="https://www.circle.com/transparency"> about $62.5 billion</a>, roughly 84% of its reserves, in a single dedicated government MMF as of the end of September, about 80 times JLTXX's current size. </p><p>If JLTXX wins reserve mandates from issuers one at a time, it could grow to several dozen times its current size.</p><p><strong>The stablecoin market, however, stood at<a href="https://defillama.com/stablecoins"> about $295.5 billion in November</a>, roughly where it was a year ago, so it remains to be seen when this projection will materialize.</strong></p><h2>6. Ten Years of Kinexys and the Next Ten: Lessons for Financial Institutions</h2><p><strong>JPMorgan has invested across the firm for more than a decade, starting with a blockchain research group in 2015 and moving through Onyx to today's Kinexys. </strong></p><p><strong>Backed by a firmwide technology budget of more than $15 billion a year, it has fully integrated blockchain into the core infrastructure of its payments business.</strong></p><p>CEO Jamie Dimon openly acknowledged at Investor Day that "we spent too much on it," which shows that JPMorgan's commitment has gone well beyond basic R&amp;D. This sustained commitment of resources and investment clearly distinguishes it from other financial institutions.</p><p>In 2026, JPMorgan has emphasized a new direction, stating that "we need to roll out our own blockchain technology" to compete with new blockchain competitors. It has also said that blockchain will eventually replace traditional financial infrastructure, and it is putting more weight behind practical service expansion through Kinexys, including crypto-collateralized lending and the launch of public on-chain MMFs.</p><p><strong>Kinexys's decade offers clear strategic lessons for traditional financial institutions adapting to changes in financial infrastructure.</strong></p><p>Rather than building a new chain without a clear purpose or launching standalone services with little substance, JPMorgan started from the strengths of its core business: its existing payments clients, for whom it processes $12 trillion a day, and its deposit ledger. </p><p>It first proved the efficiency of its internal infrastructure through BDA, including 24/7 real-time settlement and transfers between affiliated entities, and then expanded step by step into on-chain markets with products such as JLTXX.</p><p><strong>Many financial institutions face pressure to deliver quick results. JPMorgan's blockchain business, however, has developed over more than a decade, building on its deposit ledger, liquidity, and existing payments clients. For institutions developing their own blockchain strategies, the lesson is to start with established strengths and expand through practical use cases.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-eng">Banks That Do Not Wait for Regulation: Europe&#8217;s MiCA as the Execution Standard for Stablecoins</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/below-the-surface-how-canton-network-eng">Below the Surface: How Canton Network Is Reshaping Capital Market Infrastructure</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/blackrock-buidl-263b-on-chain-reserve-eng">BlackRock BUIDL: $2.63B On-Chain Reserve Asset</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. 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Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Binance's $6.3 Billion Hack: Is Its Promise to Cover the Losses Enough?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Binance's $6.3B hack, the largest ever: how attackers abused EIP-7702 via a hacked engineer laptop, how it differs from FTX, and whether Binance can cover it.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2026 11:58:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222766569/d8d7c81ad4c4956243fa5e512f1bf833.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>Binance estimates its losses from the hack at about $6.3 billion, making it the largest hack on record and more than four times the $1.46 billion stolen from Bybit.</p></li><li><p>The attacker entered Binance's internal systems through an employee's laptop and, instead of submitting a withdrawal request, obtained a signature on an EIP-7702 authorization that handed over control of the wallet. TraderTraitor, a North Korean hacking group that has relied mainly on social engineering, has been named as the likely perpetrator.</p></li><li><p>FTX collapsed after misusing customer funds. Binance's losses resulted from an external hack, and the exchange has pledged to cover them with its own funds.</p></li><li><p>The $3 billion that has been frozen has not yet been returned, however, and the SAFU fund can cover only 18% of the losses. Whether Binance has enough company funds to cover the remaining $5.1 billion or so has not been verified.</p></li><li><p>Customer outflows once deposits and withdrawals resume, along with the stolen assets that have moved into DeFi, are the next risks to watch, and the impact is expected to spread beyond Binance to the broader DeFi market.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. Scale of the Loss and Timeline</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png" width="1456" height="1005" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1005,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:88051,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2uBN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c25de14-1220-4a81-987a-313e4cfae8c4_1456x1005.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Binance, the world's largest crypto exchange, has been hacked. Blockchain researcher Spreek disclosed on X that assets in a Binance-linked wallet had been moved to new addresses, and Binance founder Changpeng Zhao later acknowledged the hack. All times below are KST.</p><ul><li><p>05:24:<a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0x53bd38b816c23e74134786c29a8c18d792777998a3b9326047b583100e88e2f3"> 167,464 ETH</a> and about 1.6 billion USDT are drained from the Binance hot wallet "Binance 14" in a single transaction</p></li><li><p>05:32: On-chain researcher Spreek is<a href="https://x.com/spreekaway/status/2115904721856651382"> the first to flag the unusual transaction on X</a></p></li><li><p>06:15: Changpeng Zhao states that<a href="https://x.com/cz_binance/status/2115915423174853077"> "Binance appears to have been hacked"</a></p></li><li><p>06:16: Binance issues<a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115915708504900039"> its first official statement</a>, saying it is "investigating a potential security issue"</p></li><li><p>06:18 to 06:25:<a href="https://x.com/jerallaire/status/2115916207463481846"> Circle (800 million USDC)</a> and<a href="https://x.com/paoloardoino/status/2115918000373346709"> Tether (1.57 billion USDT)</a> freeze assets linked to the attacker</p></li><li><p>09:13: Binance<a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115960292115124558"> suspends all deposits and withdrawals and says it will "cover all losses"</a></p></li><li><p>09:52: Binance<a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115970069696217576"> confirms that $3 billion in stolen funds has been frozen</a></p></li><li><p>11:23: Binance<a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7"> publishes its initial findings</a>: total losses of about $6.3 billion, caused by a compromised DevOps engineer's laptop</p></li></ul><p>Binance estimates total losses at about $6.3 billion, more than four times the $1.46 billion stolen from Bybit in the previous largest hack.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. How the Attack Worked</h2><p>Binance has released only its initial findings and has not yet published a detailed post-mortem.</p><h3>2.1. Forged Requests: The Common Thread in Recent Exchange Hacks</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png" width="1456" height="979" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:979,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:125061,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MU_L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37390b41-9fa1-469a-830a-31937abcf527_1456x979.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In recent large exchange hacks, attackers did not steal private keys. They targeted the signing system that uses those keys to sign transactions.</p><p>To send crypto assets out of an exchange, a transaction must be signed with the wallet's private key. Exchanges store these keys in signing systems rather than entrusting them to individual employees, and when a withdrawal request comes in, the system checks the recipient address, the amount, and other details before signing and sending the transaction. </p><p>Cold wallets (wallets that keep keys offline) and multisig wallets (which require several parties to sign) also go through this verification step before a signature is produced.</p><p>This verification step is what attackers target. After breaking into an employee's computer or an internal server, an attacker can submit a fake request that looks like a normal withdrawal directly to the signing system, or alter what an employee sees on the approval screen. This is a forged request. If the signing system accepts it as genuine, the attacker can send assets anywhere without ever holding the private key.</p><p>In recent cases, attackers have most often reached employees' devices through social engineering.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Social engineering</strong>: an attack that exploits human error rather than technical flaws, for example by impersonating a recruiter or business counterparty to get a target to open a malicious file, or by tricking someone into approving a transaction on a fake screen</p></li></ul><p>In earlier incidents, attackers also compromised employee devices at Bybit and DMM Bitcoin through social engineering.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Bybit (social engineering, February 2025, $1.46 billion):</strong> The attackers infected a developer's computer at wallet provider Safe with malware and then falsified the signing screen. The signers believed they were approving a routine transfer, but the transaction in fact handed over control of the cold wallet. (<a href="https://www.sygnia.co/blog/sygnia-investigation-bybit-hack">Sygnia</a>,<a href="https://x.com/safe/status/1894768522720350673"> Safe post-mortem</a>)</p></li><li><p><strong>DMM Bitcoin (social engineering, May 2024, $305 million):</strong> A North Korean hacking group posed as a recruiter to take over the account of an employee at the exchange's wallet software provider, then swapped out a legitimate withdrawal request in transit. (<a href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/fbi-dc3-and-npa-identification-of-north-korean-cyber-actors-tracked-as-tradertraitor-responsible-for-theft-of-308-million-from-bitcoindmmcom">Japan's National Police Agency and FBI</a>)</p></li></ul><p>In both cases, the attackers first deceived a person to get inside and then used a forged request to deceive the signing system. However carefully keys are protected with cold wallets and multisig, one compromised employee and a signing system that cannot filter out forged requests are enough to cause a breach.</p><h3>2.2. What Was Different at Binance</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png" width="1456" height="865" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:865,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:86285,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jo5j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d286a60-fb38-4c2a-b3d9-2f1c7452e020_1456x865.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Binance also appears to have been breached through social engineering.</strong></p><p>Binance has said only that<a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7"> an engineer's laptop was compromised</a> and that the attacker reached its internal systems through it, without disclosing how the laptop was breached. </p><p><a href="https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/binance-exploit-latest-findings-and-response/">Chainalysis</a> attributed the attack to TraderTraitor, a North Korean hacking group. It observed in real time that funds stolen from Binance were mixed on-chain with funds stolen in last month&#8217;s Bitget hack, which was also attributed to North Korea. It cited this connection as the strongest evidence linking the Binance attack to TraderTraitor.</p><p><strong>What made the losses so large was an Ethereum feature called EIP-7702.</strong></p><p>EIP-7702 lets a regular wallet sign an authorization allowing a designated program (a smart contract) to act on the wallet's behalf. It was<a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702"> introduced in May 2025</a> to make wallets easier to use, for example by bundling several transactions into one. Once a wallet signs such an authorization, however, that program can move all of the assets in the wallet.</p><p>The attacker exploited this. Once inside Binance's internal systems, the attacker<a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0xad99264d5532ae0dd04b2004eebda05f25657e70dacb764f7ac8d4ccd051298b"> submitted this authorization to the signing system</a> instead of a withdrawal request. Because the authorization contains neither a recipient address nor an amount, it did not trigger the withdrawal checks, and once it was signed, control of the Binance hot wallet passed to a program the attacker had built. </p><p>Three minutes later, the attacker ran the program and<a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0x53bd38b816c23e74134786c29a8c18d792777998a3b9326047b583100e88e2f3"> drained 63 different tokens, including ETH and USDT, in a single transaction</a>.</p><h2>3. Will Binance Go the Way of FTX?</h2><p>The question the market is most concerned about is whether Binance will collapse like FTX. <strong>The losses arose differently from those at FTX, but it is too early to say whether Binance can absorb them in full.</strong></p><h3>3.1. A Different Kind of Loss from FTX</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png" width="1456" height="1115" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1115,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:90871,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IY_Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18d78515-5ced-4750-8d16-b9bfeb3b13a2_1456x1115.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The cause of the problem differs between Binance and FTX. FTX's problem was not a hack but the reckless use of customer funds.</p><p>When crypto prices collapsed after the Terra-Luna crash in May 2022, lenders to FTX's affiliate Alameda Research all demanded repayment at once, and about $8 billion in<a href="https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2022/comp-pr2022-234.pdf"> FTX customer deposits</a> was sent to Alameda to repay them. When<a href="https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sam-bankman-frieds-crypto-empire-blur-on-his-trading-titan-alamedas-balance-sheet"> a report raising doubts about FTX's finances</a> appeared that November, customers rushed to withdraw, but their money had already gone to Alameda. Unable to return customer funds, FTX went bankrupt.</p><p>Binance's loss, by contrast, came from assets stolen through a hack. Binance has said it will cover the loss with its<a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7"> emergency fund (SAFU)</a> and its own corporate funds rather than customer money. The question is whether Binance has enough of its own funds to cover the loss.</p><h3>3.2. Can Binance Absorb the Loss?</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png" width="1456" height="1079" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1079,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:92886,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zCeP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b55ed50-ebdd-45b1-9a98-81276b657241_1456x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Binance estimates total losses at $6.3 billion, about 4.4% of the roughly $144 billion in assets it holds. Stablecoin issuers including Tether and Circle have<a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115970069696217576"> frozen $3 billion of that amount</a>, but a freeze only stops the attacker from using the funds and does not return them to Binance. The actual loss falls to about $3.3 billion (2.3% of assets) only once the frozen funds are recovered through law enforcement and issuer procedures.</p><p>Until the frozen assets are returned, Binance therefore has to cover the full $6.3 billion up front. The SAFU fund (about $1.16 billion) can cover only 18% of that, leaving roughly $5.1 billion to come from company funds. The difficulty is that Binance<a href="https://www.binance.com/en/proof-of-reserves"> does not publish financial statements</a>, so the size of its corporate funds cannot be verified.</p><p><strong>A second problem comes after deposits and withdrawals reopen.</strong></p><p>Covering the hack losses and withstanding a rush of withdrawals by anxious customers are separate problems. Within 24 hours of its hack,<a href="https://www.bybit.com/en/learn/this-week-in-bybit/bybit-security-incident-timeline"> Bybit saw $4 billion, about 24% of its assets, leave the exchange</a>. If Binance experienced a similar outflow of roughly 24% of its assets, withdrawals could reach about $35 billion, more than five times the $6.3 billion lost in the hack.</p><p><strong>Binance therefore needs to set out how it will handle large-scale withdrawals before it resumes deposits and withdrawals.</strong></p><p>The most important questions are how Binance will fund withdrawals until the frozen assets are returned, and when it will publish an updated proof of reserves. Without concrete plans by the time deposits and withdrawals reopen, customer anxiety could escalate into a large-scale bank run.</p><h2>4. Cascading Bank Runs</h2><p><strong>A bank run at Binance is only the first-order problem, because in crypto a single asset is connected to many DeFi protocols.</strong></p><p>For now, issuers can freeze only stablecoins, so the attacker converted the remaining assets into ETH and moved them into DeFi. For example, the attacker<a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x8d53903625b8e839b9df4bd28b0efb1cd6b8639a"> deposited stolen USDT on Aave and borrowed ETH against it</a>. In response, Aave, the largest DeFi lending protocol,<a href="https://governance.aave.com/t/binance-hot-wallet-exploit-aaves-response/25954"> froze all of its markets to prevent further damage</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png" width="1456" height="903" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:903,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:78216,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7C6Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F793c9400-f4e5-4e5f-9091-2837c367a514_1456x903.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In other words, the damage may not stop at Binance and could spread to the DeFi protocols connected to it.<a href="https://governance.aave.com/t/rseth-incident-report-april-20-2026/24580"> The Kelp DAO hack in April</a>, for example, caused $290 million in losses, but as fear spread, total deposits across DeFi fell by $13.2 billion over two days, 45 times the amount stolen.</p><p>A second-order bank run is therefore also possible. If the ETH and DeFi tokens held by the attacker are sold into the market, or if the Aave freeze drags on unresolved and deposits start to leave once withdrawals reopen, a first-order run on Binance could lead to a second-order run across DeFi markets.</p><p><strong>In the end, Binance needs to present a concrete plan for covering the hack losses. As noted above, the amount may not be a critical problem for an exchange of Binance&#8217;s size, but no one can be certain, so its response will need to be watched closely.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/web3-hacks-what-does-the-industry-eng">Web3 Hacks: What Does the Industry Need?</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/defi-united-eng">DeFi United: United We Stand, Divided We Fall</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/tethers-drift-bailout-whats-really-eng">Tether's Drift Bailout: What's Really Behind the $100M</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[바이낸스 63억 달러 해킹, 약속만으로 해결할 수 있는가?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#50669;&#45824; &#52572;&#45824; &#44508;&#47784;&#51064; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#54644;&#53433;&#51012; &#48516;&#49437;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612; &#45432;&#53944;&#48513; &#52840;&#53804;&#50752; EIP-7702 &#50948;&#51076;&#51109; &#50501;&#50857; &#49688;&#48277;, FTX&#50752; &#45796;&#47480; &#49552;&#49892; &#44396;&#51312;, SAFU&#50752; &#51088;&#52404; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#49552;&#49892;&#44284; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;&#51012; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#51674;&#50612;&#48389;&#45768;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/binances-63-billion-hack-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2026 11:58:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222766595/82d780aac10145a43d84db9a0f814a91.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#48157;&#55180; &#54644;&#53433; &#54588;&#54644;&#45716; &#50557; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196;, &#51333;&#51204; &#52572;&#45824;&#50688;&#45912; &#48148;&#51060;&#48727;(14.6&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;)&#51032; 4&#48176;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#50669;&#45824; &#52572;&#45824; &#44508;&#47784;&#51076;</p></li><li><p>&#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#51649;&#50896; &#45432;&#53944;&#48513;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#45236;&#48512; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#44036; &#46244;, &#52636;&#44552; &#50836;&#52397; &#45824;&#49888; &#51648;&#44049; &#53685;&#51228;&#44428;&#51012; &#45336;&#44592;&#45716; EIP-7702 &#50948;&#51076;&#51109;&#50640; &#49436;&#47749;&#51012; &#48155;&#50500;&#45252;. &#48176;&#54980;&#47196;&#45716; &#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617; &#49688;&#48277;&#51012; &#51452;&#47196; &#50024;&#50728; &#48513;&#54620; &#54644;&#53433; &#51312;&#51649; &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#45908;&#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#51648;&#47785;&#46120;</p></li><li><p>FTX&#45716; &#44256;&#44061; &#46024;&#51012; &#50976;&#50857;&#54644; &#47924;&#45320;&#51276;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#50808;&#48512;&#50640; &#46020;&#45212;&#45817;&#54620; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#54924;&#49324; &#46024;&#51004;&#47196; &#52649;&#45817;&#54616;&#44192;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#51004;&#47728; &#49552;&#49892; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#45796;&#47492;</p></li><li><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#46041;&#44208;&#46108; 30&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#46028;&#50500;&#50724;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#44256; SAFU &#44592;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#54588;&#54644;&#50529;&#51032; 18%&#47564; &#52292;&#50872; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;, &#45208;&#47672;&#51648; &#50557; 51&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#54924;&#49324; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#54869;&#51064;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51020;</p></li><li><p>&#51077;&#52636;&#44552; &#51116;&#44060; &#54980; &#44256;&#44061; &#51060;&#53448;&#44284; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060;&#47196; &#55128;&#47084;&#44036; &#53448;&#52712; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#45796;&#51020; &#48320;&#49688;&#51060;&#47728;, &#52649;&#44201;&#51008; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#48264;&#51656; &#51204;&#47581;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2>1. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#51032; &#54644;&#53433; &#54588;&#54644;&#44508;&#47784;&#50752; &#53440;&#51076;&#46972;&#51064;</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png" width="2048" height="1363" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1363,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:268892,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ea0287d-bd08-472f-9f7f-60dbc90a27e5_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#49464;&#44228; &#52572;&#45824; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#54644;&#53433;&#51012; &#45817;&#54664;&#45796;. &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#50672;&#44396;&#51088; &#49828;&#54532;&#47533;(Spreek)&#51060; X&#50640; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#50672;&#44228; &#51648;&#44049;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#49888;&#44508; &#51452;&#49548;&#47196; &#50734;&#44200;&#51276;&#45796;&#44256; &#44277;&#44060;&#54664;&#44256;, &#51060;&#54980; &#52285;&#54161; &#51088;&#50724; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#52285;&#50629;&#51088;&#44032; &#54644;&#53433; &#49324;&#49892;&#51012; &#51064;&#51221;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>05:24 &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#54635;&#50900;&#47131; 'Binance 14'&#50640;&#49436; <a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0x53bd38b816c23e74134786c29a8c18d792777998a3b9326047b583100e88e2f3">&#45800;&#51068; &#44144;&#47000;&#47196; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; 16&#47564; 7,464&#44060;</a>&#50752; &#53580;&#45908;(USDT) &#50557; 16&#50613; &#44060; &#50976;&#52636;</p></li><li><p>05:32 &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#50672;&#44396;&#51088; &#49828;&#54532;&#47533;, <a href="https://x.com/spreekaway/status/2115904721856651382">X&#50640; &#51060;&#49345; &#44144;&#47000; &#52572;&#52488; &#44277;&#44060;</a></p></li><li><p>06:15 &#52285;&#54161; &#51088;&#50724;, <a href="https://x.com/cz_binance/status/2115915423174853077">"&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#54644;&#53433;&#45817;&#54620; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;"</a>&#44256; &#50616;&#44553;</p></li><li><p>06:16 &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;, "&#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#48372;&#50504; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#51312;&#49324; &#51473;"&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; <a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115915708504900039">&#52395; &#44277;&#49885; &#51077;&#51109; &#48156;&#54364;</a></p></li><li><p>06:18~06:25 <a href="https://x.com/jerallaire/status/2115916207463481846">&#49436;&#53364;(8&#50613; USDC)</a>&#44284; <a href="https://x.com/paoloardoino/status/2115918000373346709">&#53580;&#45908;(15.7&#50613; USDT)</a>, &#54644;&#52964; &#50672;&#44228; &#51088;&#49328; &#46041;&#44208;</p></li><li><p>09:13 &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;, <a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115960292115124558">&#51077;&#52636;&#44552; &#51204;&#47732; &#51473;&#45800; &#48143; "&#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892; &#48372;&#51204;" &#48156;&#54364;</a></p></li><li><p>09:52 &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;, <a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115970069696217576">&#54869;&#51064;&#46108; &#46041;&#44208;&#50529; 30&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#48156;&#54364;</a></p></li><li><p>11:23 &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;, <a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7">&#52488;&#44592; &#51312;&#49324; &#44208;&#44284; &#44277;&#51648;</a>: &#52509; &#54588;&#54644; &#50557; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;, &#50896;&#51064;&#51008; &#45936;&#48652;&#50741;&#49828; &#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612; &#45432;&#53944;&#48513; &#54644;&#53433;</p></li></ul><p>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#52628;&#51221;&#54620; &#52509; &#54588;&#54644; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#50557; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#45796;. &#51060;&#51204; &#54644;&#53433; &#52572;&#45824; &#49324;&#47168;&#50688;&#45912; &#48148;&#51060;&#48727;&#48372;&#45796; 4&#48176;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#44508;&#47784;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2>2. &#50612;&#46500; &#48169;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196; &#54644;&#53433;&#51012; &#45817;&#54664;&#45716;&#44032;?</h2><p>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#52488;&#44592; &#51312;&#49324; &#44208;&#44284;&#47564; &#45236;&#45459;&#50520;&#51012; &#49104;, &#49345;&#49464; &#49324;&#54980; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. </p><h3>2.1. &#52572;&#44540; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#54644;&#53433;&#51032; &#44277;&#53685;&#51216;&#51008; '&#50948;&#51312;&#46108; &#50836;&#52397;'</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png" width="1372" height="889" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:889,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:304969,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!meZr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6410787f-45cf-42fa-bb20-19483ad6067b_1372x889.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#52572;&#44540; &#45824;&#54805; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#54644;&#53433;&#50640;&#49436; &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#44060;&#51064;&#53412;&#47484; &#54996;&#52824;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#44060;&#51064;&#53412;&#47196; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640; &#49436;&#47749;&#54616;&#45716; '&#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;'&#51012; &#45432;&#47160;&#45796;.  </p><p>&#50864;&#49440; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#45236;&#48372;&#45236;&#47140;&#47732; &#51648;&#44049;&#51032; &#44060;&#51064;&#53412;&#47196; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640; &#49436;&#47749;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45716; &#51060; &#44060;&#51064;&#53412;&#47484; &#49324;&#46988;&#51060; &#50500;&#45772; &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#44256;, &#52636;&#44552; &#50836;&#52397;&#51060; &#46308;&#50612;&#50724;&#47732; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#48155;&#45716; &#51452;&#49548;&#50752; &#44552;&#50529; &#46321;&#51012; &#54869;&#51064;&#54620; &#46244; &#49436;&#47749;&#54644; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#45236;&#48372;&#45240;&#45796;. &#53084;&#46300;&#50900;&#47131;(&#51064;&#53552;&#45367;&#44284; &#48516;&#47532;&#54644; &#53412;&#47484; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#51648;&#44049;)&#51060;&#45208; &#47680;&#54000;&#49884;&#44536;(&#50668;&#47084; &#47749;&#51060; &#54632;&#44760; &#49436;&#47749;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#51648;&#44049;)&#46020; &#44208;&#44397; &#51060; &#54869;&#51064; &#51208;&#52264;&#47484; &#44144;&#52432; &#49436;&#47749;&#51060; &#51060;&#47364;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54644;&#52964;&#44032; &#45432;&#47532;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#51060; &#54869;&#51064; &#51208;&#52264;&#45796;. &#51649;&#50896; PC&#45208; &#45236;&#48512; &#49436;&#48260;&#50640; &#52840;&#53804;&#54616;&#50668; &#51221;&#49345; &#52636;&#44552;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#51060;&#45716; &#44032;&#51676; &#50836;&#52397;&#51012; &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#51649;&#51217; &#45347;&#44144;&#45208;, &#51649;&#50896;&#51060; &#49849;&#51064;&#54616;&#45716; &#54868;&#47732;&#51032; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#48148;&#45012;&#52824;&#44592;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#44163;&#51060; '&#50948;&#51312; &#50836;&#52397;'&#51060;&#45796;. &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#51060;&#47484; &#51652;&#51676;&#47196; &#48155;&#50500;&#46308;&#51060;&#47732; &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#44060;&#51064;&#53412; &#50630;&#51060;&#46020; &#50896;&#54616;&#45716; &#44275;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#51649;&#50896;&#51032; &#44592;&#44592;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#44040; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#51012;&#44620;? &#52572;&#44540; &#49324;&#47168;&#50640;&#49436; &#44032;&#51109; &#47566;&#51060; &#50416;&#51064; &#49688;&#48277;&#51008; &#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;&#51060;&#45796;. </p><ul><li><p><strong>&#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;</strong>: &#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;&#51008; &#44592;&#49696;&#51201; &#54728;&#51216;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#49324;&#46988;&#51032; &#49892;&#49688;&#47484; &#45432;&#47532;&#45716; &#44277;&#44201;&#51004;&#47196;, &#52292;&#50857; &#45812;&#45817;&#51088;&#45208; &#44144;&#47000; &#49345;&#45824;&#47484; &#49324;&#52845;&#54644; &#50501;&#49457; &#54028;&#51068;&#51012; &#50676;&#44172; &#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#44032;&#51676; &#54868;&#47732;&#50640; &#49549;&#50500; &#49849;&#51064;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#50976;&#46020;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;  </p></li></ul><p>&#51060;&#51204; &#54644;&#53433; &#49324;&#47168;&#50640;&#49436; &#48148;&#51060;&#48727;&#44284; DMM&#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#46020; &#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;&#51004;&#47196; &#51649;&#50896; &#44592;&#44592;&#47484; &#54644;&#53433;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#48148;&#51060;&#48727;(&#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;, 2025&#45380; 2&#50900;, 14.6&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;):</strong> &#51648;&#44049; &#50629;&#52404; &#49464;&#51060;&#54532;&#51032; &#44060;&#48156;&#51088; PC&#47484; &#50501;&#49457;&#53076;&#46300;&#47196; &#44048;&#50684;&#49884;&#53416; &#46244; &#49436;&#47749; &#54868;&#47732;&#51012; &#50948;&#51312;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49436;&#47749;&#51088;&#45716; &#51068;&#48152; &#51060;&#52404;&#47196; &#48127;&#44256; &#49436;&#47749;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49892;&#51228;&#47196;&#45716; &#53084;&#46300;&#50900;&#47131; &#53685;&#51228;&#44428;&#51012; &#45336;&#44592;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#50688;&#45796;. (<a href="https://www.sygnia.co/blog/sygnia-investigation-bybit-hack">&#49884;&#44536;&#45768;&#50500;</a>, <a href="https://x.com/safe/status/1894768522720350673">&#49464;&#51060;&#54532; &#49324;&#54980; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;</a>)<strong> </strong></p></li><li><p><strong>DMM&#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;(&#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617;, 2024&#45380; 5&#50900;, 3&#50613; 500&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;):</strong> &#48513;&#54620; &#54644;&#53433; &#51312;&#51649;&#51060; &#52292;&#50857; &#45812;&#45817;&#51088;&#47196; &#50948;&#51109;&#54644; &#51648;&#44049; &#49556;&#47336;&#49496; &#50629;&#52404; &#51649;&#50896;&#51032; &#44228;&#51221;&#51012; &#53448;&#52712;&#54664;&#44256;, &#51221;&#49345; &#52636;&#44552; &#50836;&#52397;&#51012; &#51473;&#44036;&#50640;&#49436; &#48148;&#45012;&#52824;&#44592;&#54664;&#45796;. (<a href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/fbi-dc3-and-npa-identification-of-north-korean-cyber-actors-tracked-as-tradertraitor-responsible-for-theft-of-308-million-from-bitcoindmmcom">&#51068;&#48376; &#44221;&#52272;&#52397;&#183;FBI &#48156;&#54364;</a>)</p></li></ul><p>&#46160; &#49324;&#47168; &#47784;&#46160; &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#47676;&#51200; &#49324;&#46988;&#51012; &#49549;&#50668; &#45236;&#48512;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#50772;&#44256;, &#44536;&#45796;&#51020; &#50948;&#51312; &#50836;&#52397;&#51004;&#47196; &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#47484; &#49549;&#51060;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51012; &#49324;&#50857;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#53084;&#46300;&#50900;&#47131;&#44284; &#47680;&#54000;&#49884;&#44536;&#47196; &#53412;&#47484; &#50500;&#47924;&#47532; &#51096; &#48372;&#44288;&#54644;&#46020;, &#51649;&#50896; &#54620; &#47749;&#51060; &#46763;&#47532;&#44256; &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#50948;&#51312; &#50836;&#52397;&#51012; &#44152;&#47084;&#45236;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#47732; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><h3>2.2. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#45804;&#46992;&#45208;</h3><p><strong>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#46020; &#49324;&#54924;&#44277;&#54617; &#49688;&#48277;&#51004;&#47196; &#54644;&#53433;&#45817;&#54620; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#51221;&#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; <a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7">&#50644;&#51648;&#45768;&#50612;&#51032; &#45432;&#53944;&#48513;&#51060; &#54644;&#53433;&#46076;</a> &#44277;&#44201;&#51088;&#44032; &#45236;&#48512; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#50772;&#45796;&#44256;&#47564; &#48157;&#54804;&#51012; &#49104;, &#45432;&#53944;&#48513;&#51060; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#46763;&#47160;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. </p><p><a href="https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/binance-exploit-latest-findings-and-response/">&#52404;&#51060;&#45328;&#47532;&#49884;&#49828;</a>&#45716; &#48513;&#54620; &#54644;&#53433; &#51312;&#51649; &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#45908;&#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44277;&#44201; &#48176;&#54980;&#47196; &#51648;&#47785;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#53448;&#52712; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#51648;&#45212;&#45804; &#48156;&#49373;&#54644; &#48513;&#54620; &#49548;&#54665;&#51004;&#47196; &#51648;&#47785;&#46108; &#48708;&#53944;&#44191; &#54644;&#53433;&#51032; &#53448;&#52712; &#51088;&#44552;&#44284; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436; &#49438;&#51060;&#45716; &#44163;&#51012; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51064;&#54664;&#51004;&#47728;, &#51060;&#47484; &#48176;&#54980; &#54032;&#45800;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#44540;&#44144;&#47196; &#46308;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png" width="2048" height="1217" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1217,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:239098,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rKyo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbea96061-795a-4474-8da9-856722beac4d_2048x1217.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#53945;&#55176; &#54588;&#54644;&#47484; &#53412;&#50868; &#44163;&#51008; 'EIP-7702'&#46972;&#45716; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#44592;&#45733;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>EIP-7702&#45716; &#51068;&#48152; &#51648;&#44049;&#51060; &#51068;&#51333;&#51032; &#50948;&#51076;&#51109;&#50640; &#49436;&#47749;&#54616;&#47732;, &#51648;&#51221;&#54620; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47016;(&#49828;&#47560;&#53944;&#52968;&#53944;&#47001;&#53944;)&#51060; &#44536; &#51648;&#44049;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888; &#50880;&#51649;&#51068; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#54644;&#51452;&#45716; &#44592;&#45733;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50668;&#47084; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#54620; &#48264;&#50640; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#46321; &#51648;&#44049;&#51012; &#54200;&#54616;&#44172; &#50416;&#46020;&#47197; <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702">2025&#45380; 5&#50900; &#46020;&#51077;&#46096;&#45796;</a>. &#51060; &#44592;&#45733;&#51008; &#50948;&#51076;&#51109;&#50640; &#54620; &#48264; &#49436;&#47749;&#54616;&#47732;, &#51648;&#44049; &#50504;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328; &#51204;&#52404;&#47484; &#44536; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47016;&#51060; &#45796;&#47344; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#51060; &#51216;&#51012; &#45432;&#47160;&#45796;. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#45236;&#48512; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#44036; &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#52636;&#44552; &#50836;&#52397; &#45824;&#49888; <a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0xad99264d5532ae0dd04b2004eebda05f25657e70dacb764f7ac8d4ccd051298b">&#50948;&#51076;&#51109;&#51012; &#49436;&#47749; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#50640; &#45347;&#50632;&#45796;</a>. &#50948;&#51076;&#51109;&#50640;&#45716; &#48155;&#45716; &#51452;&#49548;&#46020; &#44552;&#50529;&#46020; &#50630;&#50612; &#52636;&#44552; &#44160;&#49324;&#50640; &#44152;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#44256;, &#49436;&#47749;&#51060; &#51060;&#47364;&#51648;&#51088; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#54635;&#50900;&#47131;&#51032; &#53685;&#51228;&#44428;&#51060; &#54644;&#52964;&#44032; &#47564;&#46304; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47016;&#51004;&#47196; &#45336;&#50612;&#44052;&#45796;. &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; 3&#48516; &#46244; &#51060; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47016;&#51012; &#49892;&#54665;&#54644; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;&#44284; &#53580;&#45908; &#46321; <a href="https://etherscan.io/tx/0x53bd38b816c23e74134786c29a8c18d792777998a3b9326047b583100e88e2f3">63&#51333;&#51032; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000; &#54620; &#48264;&#51004;&#47196; &#48764;&#45256;&#45796;</a>.</p><h2>3. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; FTX&#52376;&#47100; &#54028;&#49328;&#51060; &#46112;&#44620;?</h2><p>&#49324;&#46988;&#46308;&#51060; &#44032;&#51109; &#50864;&#47140;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; FTX&#52376;&#47100; &#54028;&#49328;&#54624; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;&#45796;. <strong>&#49552;&#49892;&#51060; &#49373;&#44596; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#48372;&#47732; FTX&#50752;&#45716; &#45796;&#47476;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#51060; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#45149;&#44620;&#51648; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012;&#51648;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#45800;&#51221;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3>3.1. &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54620; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; FTX&#50752; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png" width="1344" height="896" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:896,&quot;width&quot;:1344,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:248145,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pU0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7dabce51-a5d9-45cd-800e-1ef83fdc829e_1344x896.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#47676;&#51200; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#50752; FTX&#45716; &#48156;&#49373;&#54620; &#47928;&#51228;&#51032; &#51060;&#50976;&#44032; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;. FTX&#45716; &#54644;&#53433;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#44256;&#44061; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#47924;&#48516;&#48324;&#54616;&#44172; &#49324;&#50857;&#54620; &#44172; &#47928;&#51228;&#50688;&#45796;. </p><p>2022&#45380; 5&#50900; &#53580;&#46972;&#183;&#47336;&#45208; &#48533;&#44340;&#47196; &#53076;&#51064; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#54253;&#46973;&#54616;&#51088;, FTX&#51032; &#44288;&#44228;&#49324; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50640; &#46024;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140;&#51456; &#50629;&#52404;&#46308;&#51060; &#51068;&#51228;&#55176; &#49345;&#54872;&#51012; &#50836;&#44396;&#54664;&#44256; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#45716; &#51060;&#47484; &#44058;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; FTX <a href="https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2022/comp-pr2022-234.pdf">&#44256;&#44061; &#50696;&#52824;&#44552;</a>&#51012; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#47196; &#50557; 80&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#48372;&#45256;&#45796;. &#44536;&#54644; 11&#50900; <a href="https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sam-bankman-frieds-crypto-empire-blur-on-his-trading-titan-alamedas-balance-sheet">FTX&#51032; &#51116;&#47924; &#49345;&#53468;&#47484; &#51032;&#49900;&#54616;&#45716; &#48372;&#46020;</a>&#44032; &#45208;&#50724;&#51088; &#44256;&#44061;&#46308;&#51060; &#54620;&#44732;&#48264;&#50640; &#52636;&#44552;&#51012; &#50836;&#52397;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44256;&#44061; &#46024;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#47196; &#48736;&#51256;&#45208;&#44036; &#46244;&#50688;&#45796;. &#46024;&#51012; &#46028;&#47140;&#51452;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; FTX&#45716; &#44208;&#44397; &#54028;&#49328;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#51032; &#49552;&#49892;&#51008; &#54644;&#53433;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50808;&#48512;&#50640; &#46020;&#45212;&#45817;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#51060; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#44256;&#44061; &#46024;&#51060; &#50500;&#45772; <a href="https://www.binance.com/en/support/announcement/detail/c5a8729a97ac486d963784d96c5642d7">&#48708;&#49345; &#44592;&#44552;(SAFU)</a>&#44284; &#54924;&#49324; &#51088;&#52404; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54644;&#44208;&#54616;&#44192;&#45796;&#44256; &#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#44032;&#51652; &#46024;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060; &#54644;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45712;&#45264;&#45796;.</p><h3>3.2. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012;&#44620;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png" width="2048" height="1476" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1476,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:276143,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3H9v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff356969c-54de-4868-b1a6-c17ca85af514_2048x1476.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#52628;&#51221;&#54620; &#52509; &#54588;&#54644;&#45716; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196;, &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; &#48372;&#44288; &#51473;&#51064; &#51204;&#52404; &#51088;&#49328;(&#50557; 1,440&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;)&#51032; 4.4% &#49688;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;. &#53580;&#45908;&#183;&#49436;&#53364; &#46321; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51060; &#51473; <a href="https://x.com/binance/status/2115970069696217576">30&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#46041;&#44208;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;</a>, &#46041;&#44208;&#51008; &#54644;&#52964;&#44032; &#50416;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#44172; &#47926;&#50612;&#46164; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#50640; &#46028;&#50500;&#50728; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49688;&#49324;&#44592;&#44288;&#44284; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#51208;&#52264;&#47484; &#44144;&#52432; &#46028;&#47140;&#48155;&#50500;&#50556; &#49892;&#51228; &#49552;&#49892;&#51060; &#50557; 33&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;(&#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#49328;&#51032; 2.3%)&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#46041;&#44208; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#46028;&#47140;&#48155;&#44592; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#47676;&#51200; &#47700;&#50892;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. SAFU &#44592;&#44552;(&#50557; 11.6&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;)&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; 18%&#47564; &#52292;&#50872; &#49688; &#51080;&#44256;, &#45208;&#47672;&#51648; &#50557; 51&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#45716; &#54924;&#49324; &#51088;&#44552;&#50640;&#49436; &#45208;&#50752;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; <a href="https://www.binance.com/en/proof-of-reserves">&#51116;&#47924;&#51228;&#54364;&#47484; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;</a> &#54924;&#49324; &#51088;&#44552; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#45796;. </p><p><strong>&#46608; &#45796;&#47480; &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#51077;&#52636;&#44552;&#51012; &#45796;&#49884; &#50672; &#46244;&#45796;. </strong></p><p>&#54644;&#53433; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#54644;&#44208;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#44284;, &#48520;&#50504;&#54644;&#51652; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#54620;&#44732;&#48264;&#50640; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#48764;&#44040; &#46412; &#51060;&#47484; &#48260;&#54000;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#48324;&#44060;&#51032; &#47928;&#51228;&#45796;. &#48148;&#51060;&#48727;&#51008; &#54644;&#53433; &#51649;&#54980; <a href="https://www.bybit.com/en/learn/this-week-in-bybit/bybit-security-incident-timeline">&#54616;&#47336; &#47564;&#50640; &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#50557; 24%&#51064; 40&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#48736;&#51256;&#45208;&#44052;&#45796;</a>. &#44057;&#51008; &#48708;&#50984;&#51060;&#47732; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#52572;&#45824; 350&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#54620;&#44732;&#48264;&#50640; &#52636;&#44552;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#52509; &#54588;&#54644;&#50529; 63&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#51032; 5&#48176;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#44508;&#47784;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#51077;&#52636;&#44552;&#51012; &#51116;&#44060;&#54616;&#44592;&#50640; &#50526;&#49436; &#45824;&#44508;&#47784; &#51064;&#52636;&#50640; &#45824;&#48708;&#54620; &#45824;&#52293;&#51012; &#48157;&#54784;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#46041;&#44208; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#46028;&#47140;&#48155;&#44592; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648; &#52636;&#44552;&#50640; &#50424; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#47560;&#47144;&#54664;&#45716;&#51648;, &#44081;&#49888;&#46108; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552; &#51613;&#47749;&#51012; &#50616;&#51228; &#45236;&#45459;&#51012;&#51648;&#44032; &#44032;&#51109; &#51473;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;. &#51077;&#52636;&#44552;&#51012; &#45796;&#49884; &#50672; &#49884;&#51216;&#44620;&#51648; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060; &#50630;&#45796;&#47732; &#44256;&#44061; &#48520;&#50504;&#51060; &#44032;&#51473;&#46104;&#50612; &#45824;&#44508;&#47784; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;&#51004;&#47196; &#48264;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. </p><h2>4. &#50672;&#49604; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;</h2><p><strong>&#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#51032; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088; &#50864;&#47140;&#45716; 1&#52264;&#51201;&#51064; &#47928;&#51228;&#45796;. &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#50668;&#47084; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060;&#50752; &#50672;&#44208;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#45817;&#51109;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#46041;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#49104;&#51060;&#50612;&#49436;, &#54644;&#52964;&#45716; &#45208;&#47672;&#51648; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#45012; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060;&#47196; &#50734;&#44220;&#45796;. &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; &#53448;&#52712;&#54620; USDT&#47484; <a href="https://etherscan.io/address/0x8d53903625b8e839b9df4bd28b0efb1cd6b8639a">Aave&#50640; &#47585;&#44592;&#44256; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140; &#44032;&#44592;&#46020; &#54664;&#45796;</a>. &#51060;&#50640; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060; &#52572;&#45824; &#45824;&#52636; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#51064; Aave&#45716; <a href="https://governance.aave.com/t/binance-hot-wallet-exploit-aaves-response/25954">&#52628;&#44032; &#54588;&#54644;&#47484; &#47561;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#51204; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#46041;&#44208;&#54664;&#45796;</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png" width="2048" height="1270" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1270,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:241486,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AmwO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecca7103-f914-43bf-b4b3-5f2fb10f6d61_2048x1270.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51593; &#54588;&#54644;&#45716; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#50640;&#49436; &#45149;&#45208;&#45716; &#44172; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#50672;&#44208;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#45716; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060;&#47196; &#51060;&#50612;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; <a href="https://governance.aave.com/t/rseth-incident-report-april-20-2026/24580">&#51648;&#45212; 4&#50900; &#53000;&#54532;&#45796;&#50724; &#54644;&#53433;</a> &#54588;&#54644;&#50529;&#51008; 2.9&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50688;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48520;&#50504;&#51060; &#54140;&#51648;&#47732;&#49436; &#51060;&#53952; &#46041;&#50504; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060; &#51204;&#52404; &#50696;&#52824;&#44552;&#51008; 132&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51460;&#50632;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#54644;&#53433; &#44552;&#50529;&#51032; 45&#48176;&#45796;. </p><p>&#51593;, 2&#52264;&#51201;&#51064; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;&#46020; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54644;&#52964;&#44032; &#44032;&#51652; &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880;&#44284; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060; &#53664;&#53360;&#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#54400;&#47532;&#44144;&#45208; Aave &#46041;&#44208;&#51060; &#44600;&#50612;&#51256; &#54644;&#44208;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#49345;&#53468;&#50640;&#49436; &#51077;&#52636;&#44552;&#51060; &#50676;&#47532;&#47728; &#50696;&#52824;&#44552;&#51060; &#48736;&#51256;&#45208;&#44032;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#47732;, &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; 1&#52264; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;&#50640; &#51060;&#49436; &#46356;&#54028;&#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; 2&#52264; &#48197;&#53356;&#47088;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#50612;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#52769;&#50640;&#49436; &#54644;&#53433; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#54644;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012; &#51648; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#50504;&#51060; &#45208;&#50752;&#50556;&#54616;&#45716; &#49345;&#54889;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50948;&#50640;&#49436; &#50616;&#44553;&#54620; &#44163; &#44057;&#51060; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#45824;&#54805; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#44172; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#46112;&#47564;&#54620; &#44552;&#50529;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#51648;&#47564;, &#45572;&#44396;&#46020; &#54869;&#49888;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#44592;&#50640; &#44228;&#49549;&#54644;&#49436; &#45824;&#51025;&#51012; &#51648;&#53020;&#48400;&#50556;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" 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&#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Crypto Trust Services: The Industry’s Next Defining Chapter]]></title><description><![CDATA[MiCA-licensed crypto custodians grew from 50 to 230 in a year. Why custody fees cap growth, and how Anchorage, BitGo, Agora and Catena move into trust services.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:02:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222601533/ccedb3ddfaebfc4c89a937e2e959d45e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>The digital asset custody market has grown quickly over the past year, with the number of custodians licensed under MiCA in Europe rising more than fourfold, from 50 to 230.</p></li><li><p>Custody earns fees in proportion to the value of the assets held, which limits its growth, and trust services, which allow a firm to manage and invest those assets, are emerging as the next stage.</p></li><li><p>Historically, safe deposit companies expanded from safekeeping into estate administration and collateral management, and State Street later moved from custody into investment management. A similar pattern is now emerging in digital assets.</p></li><li><p>Anchorage and BitGo are expanding into stablecoin issuance and settlement, while Agora and Catena are pursuing investment advisory and asset management, and all four are using, or seeking to use, national trust bank charters to expand their services.</p></li><li><p>A custodian&#8217;s competitiveness is expected to depend less on the volume of assets it holds than on the additional services it can offer clients.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. The Custody Industry&#8217;s Rapid Growth Over the Past Year</strong></h2><p>A year ago, Tiger Research&#8217;s report &#8220;<a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-custody-industry-growth-you-may-kor">The Custody Industry Growth You May Have Overlooked</a>&#8221; argued that custody is a core foundation of the digital asset industry. At the time, however, custody services that hold and manage assets drew little attention.</p><p>Over the past year, the number of companies entering the crypto custody market has risen sharply. In Europe, custodians licensed under MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation), the EU&#8217;s comprehensive crypto framework, increased more than fourfold, from 50 to 230. Large global financial institutions are also joining, with<a href="https://www.sc.com/"> Standard Chartered</a> acquiring a specialist custody firm and<a href="https://www.citigroup.com/"> Citigroup</a> announcing plans to enter the market within the year.</p><p>This shift reflects the steady growth of on-chain assets. According to<a href="http://rwa.xyz"> RWA.xyz</a>, tokenized real-world assets (RWA) have grown 85% this year alone to about $39.8 billion. Stablecoins grew more than 50% in 2025 alone to pass $300 billion and have held around that level since. Because both tokenized assets and stablecoins require the underlying assets to be held in custody, custody demand has grown alongside them.</p><p>Companies are not entering the market for custody alone, however. Custody revenue comes mainly from fees proportional to the assets held, which limits growth. Companies are therefore using their existing custody relationships as a starting point to expand into trust services and improve profitability.</p><p><strong>Companies are focusing on custody to capture rising custody demand in the near term and, over the longer term, to use it as a base for expanding into higher-value businesses such as trust services.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. Custody and Trust Services: From Safekeeping to Asset Management</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png" width="1456" height="1073" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1073,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:94607,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BUbn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9870b1d5-2694-4b08-854f-1bd4878135e2_1456x1073.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Custody and trust services are often confused. Both involve holding client assets, but the provider&#8217;s responsibilities differ.</p><p>Custody is a service that holds client assets on the client&#8217;s behalf. The client remains the owner, and the custodian&#8217;s role is limited to safekeeping. In a trust, by contrast, the client (the settlor) transfers assets to a trust company (the trustee), which then manages, invests, and disposes of them according to the purpose of the trust.</p><p>Any income from those assets goes to the person the client designates (the beneficiary). A trust company works much like someone entrusted with managing a family&#8217;s wealth, who invests it and distributes it to family members at set times. Because the trust company makes its own decisions about the assets, it has a legal duty to put the beneficiary&#8217;s interests first.</p><p><strong>Both involve holding client assets, but custody focuses on safekeeping while trust services focus on management and investment.</strong></p><h2><strong>3. A Repeating Cycle: From Safekeeping to Trust Services</strong></h2><p>Until now, most digital asset custody services have focused on holding assets securely. In the early market, custody demand came mainly from spot and futures trading, which required no complex management structure. As financial products based on real-world assets (RWA) have become more widely available, however, the need for trust functions that can carry out investment instructions and manage complex investment structures has grown quickly.</p><p>This shift closely mirrors the development of traditional finance. During the American Civil War in the 1860s, expanded government bond issuance sharply increased demand for secure storage of debt securities. Later, as pooled investment vehicles such as funds emerged, custody work grew into a specialized trust industry.</p><h3><strong>3.1. Safe Deposit Companies: From Safekeeping to Estate and Collateral Management</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png" width="1456" height="763" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:763,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:69896,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1HHe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F961a6d89-aafd-4f74-bd71-a6c9eee19a0a_1456x763.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Safe deposit companies in Boston and Rochester are leading examples of firms that started in safekeeping and expanded into trust services. Both initially earned rent by leasing safe deposit boxes to customers. After adding trust services, they expanded into administering individuals&#8217; estates and managing corporate bond collateral.</p><p>They were able to expand because their customers faced problems that safekeeping alone could not solve. Once they obtained the authority to provide trust services, the safe deposit companies could address these additional client needs.</p><p>For individual customers, the problem was inheritance. When a customer died, the securities in the box had to be sorted and distributed to heirs, but a company that only rented out boxes had no authority to do so. With trust powers, safe deposit companies could take responsibility for managing and distributing property after death. </p><p>A typical arrangement would invest the estate to pay the surviving spouse income for life and then pass the principal to the children after the spouse&#8217;s death.</p><p>For corporate customers, the problem was bond collateral management. When a company issued bonds to many investors, it needed a party to manage the collateral on behalf of the bondholders and enforce their rights in the event of default. Trust companies took on this work, which bondholders found difficult to handle individually. </p><p>In 1883, the Boston company became the trustee managing the collateral for American Rapid Telegraph&#8217;s $3 million bond issue, and when interest went unpaid, it filed to foreclose on the collateral on behalf of the bondholders.</p><p><strong>These historical cases show that safe deposit companies grew by adding legal authority to a trusted safekeeping system and taking on work that customers found difficult to handle themselves.</strong></p><p>Customers who trusted these firms to safeguard their assets were also willing to let them manage those assets. Trust powers gave the firms the legal authority to administer estates and manage collateral. The companies applied capabilities built through safekeeping to the next problem their customers faced. </p><p>Custodians can grow by addressing similar unmet client needs, which means looking not only at how much their assets under custody have grown, but also at what else the clients who own those assets need.</p><h3><strong>3.2. State Street: From Holding Fund Assets to Managing Them</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png" width="1456" height="617" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:617,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:59767,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eo-9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa6e5890e-e4a5-4176-ba2c-bcd77c32ee3a_1456x617.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.statestreet.com/">State Street</a> is an example of a firm that moved from holding fund assets to managing them directly. In 1924, it became the custodian bank for the first US mutual fund, and in 1978 it established an asset management unit for institutional investors. Having safeguarded assets managed by other firms, State Street began earning investment management fees of its own.</p><p>Handling both custody and asset management allowed the firm to offer clients more services. Clients could have their assets held and managed within the same group, and the firm could offer investment products to clients already using its custody services. The firm could grow by providing more services to existing clients, not only by finding new ones.</p><p>Its first asset management business also started with services that drew on its existing capabilities. State Street initially focused on index management and cash management. Index management in particular required the ability to buy assets in line with an index, process trades, and maintain holdings records, all work the firm had already been doing as a custodian bank.</p><p>The firm later broadened the client base for its products. In 1993, together with the<a href="https://www.nyse.com/markets/nyse-american"> American Stock Exchange</a>, it launched SPY, the first US ETF, turning the index management it had offered to institutions into a product that individuals could easily buy and sell on an exchange. The business progressed from custody to asset management, and from asset management to product distribution.</p><p><strong>State Street applied the experience it gained from handling trading, settlement, and recordkeeping for fund assets to index management, then launched an ETF that extended its client base to individual investors.</strong></p><p>Digital asset custodians can likewise find their next business in the assets they hold and the clients they already serve, by looking at what clients want beyond safekeeping and adding first the services they are best placed to provide. Helping clients put those assets to use matters as much as growing assets under custody.</p><h2><strong>4. How Digital Asset Custodians Are Moving Into Trust Services</strong></h2><p>Digital asset custodians are moving beyond simple safekeeping and expanding into trust services. They are obtaining or applying for trust charters and broadening the services and products they offer clients.</p><p>Leading examples are Anchorage, BitGo, Agora, and Catena. Anchorage and BitGo are expanding into stablecoin issuance and settlement, while Agora and Catena are preparing to offer investment advisory and asset management. Their directions differ, but all four are looking for new revenue from the assets they hold.</p><h3><strong>4.1. Anchorage and BitGo: Adding Banking Services to Custody</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png" width="1456" height="755" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:755,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:74535,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HQuF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf52db7b-a8ea-40c1-8f0f-1522476311f3_1456x755.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Safe deposit companies once expanded from safekeeping into estate and collateral management. In digital assets,<a href="https://www.anchorage.com/"> Anchorage Digital</a> and<a href="https://www.bitgo.com/"> BitGo</a> are following the same path. Both started by holding digital assets for institutions and now provide the financial services clients need to put those assets to work.</p><p>Both are authorized to provide trust services as well as custody. Anchorage in January 2021 and BitGo in December 2025 converted from state-chartered trust companies into national trust banks supervised by the<a href="https://www.occ.gov/"> Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)</a>.</p><p>Since then, their business has broadened from institutional Bitcoin and Ethereum products to RWA and stablecoins. Through their trust banks and affiliates, they are adding trading, settlement, collateralized lending, and staking to custody. In stablecoins, they also act directly as issuers, handling issuance, redemption, and reserve management.</p><p>Their competitors are no longer limited to other custodians. They can also compete for institutional clients with traditional banks entering the digital asset business, because they already have a client base and experience processing digital asset transactions. </p><p>As the markets for institutional Bitcoin and Ethereum products, RWA, and stablecoins grow, so does their opportunity to provide more of the financial services traditionally offered by banks.</p><p><strong>The two companies have grown large enough to compete with traditional banks for clients in digital assets.</strong></p><p>Their competitive strengths are the institutional clients they have already secured and their experience handling digital asset financial operations. While traditional banks expand their digital asset businesses, the two companies can establish themselves early by handling trading, settlement, and financing for existing clients. </p><p>By the time banks enter this market, Anchorage and BitGo may already be established as major competitors.</p><p>Just as safe deposit companies grew into banks by way of trust services, the two companies are growing from custody specialists into firms that handle digital asset finance for institutions.</p><p>Firms that have grown through custody and trust services may eventually become global banks. If clients anywhere in the world can deposit digital assets with them and easily handle the financial services they need, these firms could be used much like a local bank.</p><h3><strong>4.2. Agora and Catena: From Holding Assets to Managing Them</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png" width="1456" height="833" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/be7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:833,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:79700,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fz9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7aa1cf-e343-4787-be8d-955db5b4d2e7_1456x833.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>State Street applied its experience holding fund assets to asset management and later broadened its client base through ETFs.<a href="https://www.agora.finance/"> Agora</a> and<a href="https://catena.com/"> Catena</a> are likewise preparing to add investment advisory and asset management to custody, moving beyond holding client assets to advising on where and how to invest them.</p><p>On September 18, 2026, both received preliminary conditional approval from the OCC to establish national trust banks. They must still meet opening conditions, including capital and operational requirements, and obtain final approval before they can begin operations. </p><p>Their advisory and asset management businesses through trust banks are therefore still in preparation and not yet at a stage where revenue or performance can be assessed.</p><p>Once approved, Agora plans to recommend investment opportunities and sources of yield to institutional clients that hold assets with it, with final investment decisions left to the client. Catena plans to manage assets directly under terms agreed with clients, and also to manage assets that AI agents use on behalf of companies. Their approaches differ, but both aim to add investment advisory or asset management to custody.</p><p><strong>Their early moves matter because, in digital asset management, understanding the market and building a strategy ahead of others is itself a source of competitive advantage.</strong></p><p>In DeFi, earning yield by lending assets, providing liquidity, and combining multiple services works differently from traditional finance, so it takes time to learn where returns come from and what risks they carry. This is why even firms with extensive asset management experience in traditional finance would find it difficult to enter this market without first developing the necessary expertise.</p><p>If Agora and Catena analyze investment opportunities and prepare management strategies early, they may be able to stay ahead of financial institutions that enter later. Once they begin operations and build a track record in performance and risk management, that gap could widen.</p><p>If the two companies build digital asset management experience before traditional financial institutions do, they could use it to secure a clear lead in the market. If they then launch products that retail investors can easily access, they could grow large enough to rival traditional asset managers.</p><h2><strong>5. Custody Is Now the Baseline: Preparing for What Comes Next</strong></h2><p>Holding digital assets securely is a custodian&#8217;s core function. Custodians will increasingly compete on the services they offer beyond safekeeping. As DeFi and RWA markets grow, clients want to invest their assets, use them as collateral, and trade them.</p><p>Tokenized Treasury funds are one example. Investors can do more than hold the fund and earn yield: they can use it as collateral to borrow stablecoins and put those toward other investments, so a single asset serves several financial transactions. For financial firms, helping clients use existing products in more ways becomes as important as creating new ones.</p><p>This also gives custodians room to expand. For institutions to use digital assets for investment and trading, they need asset transfers, settlement, and collateral management in addition to secure safekeeping. A custodian that already holds the assets and can also handle this work can take on a larger role in its institutional clients&#8217; financial transactions.</p><p>Trust services are one way to take on the management and investment of those assets. A trust company can manage, invest, and distribute assets in line with the client&#8217;s objectives and the terms of the trust. </p><p>By expanding services through trust banks and affiliates, as the companies above have done, a custodian could grow into a firm that offers some of the services traditionally provided by banks, securities firms, and asset managers.</p><p>Obtaining a charter alone will not grow the business, however. Custodians need to build the services clients need, manage assets securely, and earn trust through actual results. Custodians that build experience in digital asset management and trading first may also gain an edge over traditional financial institutions.</p><p>A year ago, the focus was on the growth of the custody industry itself. The question now is what the companies holding those assets can do next. The coming year may be when companies that have been preparing to offer trust services launch them and win clients. If custody is the baseline requirement, the services custodians build on top of it through trust charters will determine who leads in the next stage.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-eng">Banks That Do Not Wait for Regulation: Europe&#8217;s MiCA as the Execution Standard for Stablecoins</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/change-in-the-us-eng">One Year Under the Trump Administration: Changes in the U.S. Crypto Industry</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/onchain-risk-curators-147t-vs-7b-eng">Onchain Risk Curators: $147T vs $7B Market Gap</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[암호화폐 신탁 산업, 1년 뒤 가장 중요한 대목이 될 것]]></title><description><![CDATA[1&#45380; &#49352; MiCA &#49688;&#53441; &#51064;&#44032; &#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#44032; 50&#44275;&#50640;&#49436; 230&#44275;&#51004;&#47196; &#45720;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#48372;&#44288;&#47308; &#44396;&#51312;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#50752; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#183;&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#51032; &#49440;&#47168;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644;, &#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;&#183;&#48708;&#53944;&#44256;&#183;&#50500;&#44256;&#46972;&#183;&#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#44032; &#49888;&#53441;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55176;&#45716; &#51204;&#47029;&#44284; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#51032; &#45796;&#51020; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51012; &#48516;&#49437;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-trust-services-the-industrys-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:02:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222601548/b8545dc8cf2ce8b3270e1923e668c1bc.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2>Key Takeaways</h2><ul><li><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; 1&#45380; &#49352; &#44553;&#49457;&#51109;&#54644;, &#50976;&#47101; MiCA &#49688;&#53441; &#51064;&#44032; &#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#44032; 50&#44275;&#50640;&#49436; 230&#44275;&#51004;&#47196; 4&#48176; &#45336;&#44172; &#51613;&#44032;&#54632;</p></li><li><p>&#49688;&#53441;&#51008; &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#48708;&#47168;&#54644; &#48372;&#44288;&#47308;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#46972; &#49457;&#51109;&#50640; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#51080;&#51004;&#47728;, &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44288;&#47532;&#183;&#50868;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49888;&#53441;&#51060; &#45796;&#51020; &#45800;&#44228;&#47196; &#48512;&#49345;&#54632;</p></li><li><p>150&#45380; &#51204; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#50752; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#46020; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44592;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#49345;&#49549;&#183;&#45812;&#48372; &#44288;&#47532;&#50752; &#50868;&#50857;&#50640; &#51652;&#52636;&#54616;&#47728; &#49457;&#51109;&#54664;&#44256;, &#44057;&#51008; &#49324;&#51060;&#53364;&#51060; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#50640;&#49436; &#48152;&#48373;&#46104;&#45716; &#51473;</p></li><li><p>&#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;&#183;&#48708;&#53944;&#44256;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#183;&#51221;&#49328;&#51004;&#47196;, &#50500;&#44256;&#46972;&#183;&#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928;&#183;&#50868;&#50857;&#51004;&#47196; &#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665; &#44592;&#48152;&#51032; &#49324;&#50629; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#52628;&#51652; &#51473;</p></li><li><p>&#54693;&#54980; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#51032; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51008; &#48372;&#44288; &#44508;&#47784;&#48372;&#45796; &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328; &#50948;&#50640; &#50612;&#46500; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#50617;&#45712;&#45264;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#44040;&#47540; &#51204;&#47581;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. 1&#45380; &#49352; &#44553;&#44201;&#55176; &#49457;&#51109;&#54620; &#49688;&#53441; &#49328;&#50629;</strong></h2><p>1&#45380; &#51204; &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#12300;<a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-custody-industry-growth-you-may-kor">&#45817;&#49888;&#51060; &#44036;&#44284;&#54664;&#45912; &#52964;&#49828;&#53552;&#46356; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#49457;&#51109;</a>&#12301; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#49688;&#53441;&#51060; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#44592;&#48152;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#44053;&#51312;&#54664;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#45817;&#49884;&#47564; &#54644;&#46020; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#44256; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#52964;&#49828;&#53552;&#46356; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45716; &#53360; &#51452;&#47785;&#51012; &#48155;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51648;&#45212; 1&#45380;&#44036; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51652;&#52636;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#44553;&#51613;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#50976;&#47101;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; MiCA(&#50976;&#47101; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#54252;&#44292;&#44508;&#51228;) &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#51008; &#49688;&#53441; &#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#44032; 50&#44275;&#50640;&#49436; 230&#44275;&#51004;&#47196; 4&#48176; &#51060;&#49345; &#45720;&#50612;&#45228;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50640; &#45908;&#54644; <a href="https://www.sc.com/">&#49828;&#53472;&#45796;&#46300;&#52264;&#53440;&#46300;(Standard Chartered)</a>&#44032; &#51204;&#47928; &#50629;&#52404;&#47484; &#51064;&#49688;&#54616;&#44256; <a href="https://www.citigroup.com/">&#50472;&#54000;&#44536;&#47353;(Citigroup)</a>&#51060; &#50672;&#45236; &#51652;&#52636;&#51012; &#49440;&#50616;&#54616;&#45716; &#46321; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#45824;&#54805; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51032; &#52280;&#50668;&#46020; &#51079;&#46384;&#47476;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44057;&#51008; &#48320;&#54868;&#45716; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#45720;&#50612;&#45228;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. <a href="http://rwa.xyz">RWA.xyz</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328;(RWA)&#51008; &#50732;&#54644; &#46308;&#50612;&#49436;&#47564; 85% &#51613;&#44032;&#54644; &#50557; 398&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#44508;&#47784;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#50669;&#49884; 2025&#45380; &#54620; &#54644;&#50640;&#47564; 50% &#51060;&#49345; &#49457;&#51109;&#54616;&#47728; 3,000&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#46028;&#54028;&#54620; &#51060;&#54980; &#44204;&#51312;&#54620; &#49688;&#51456;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;&#44284; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#47784;&#46160; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328; &#48372;&#44288;&#51060; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51064; &#47564;&#53372;, &#51088;&#49328; &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#52964;&#51664;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#49688;&#53441; &#49688;&#50836;&#46020; &#51088;&#50672;&#49828;&#47101;&#44172; &#54869;&#45824;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51060; &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#48372;&#44288; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47564;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51652;&#51077;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49688;&#53441; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#50696;&#52824; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#48708;&#47168;&#54620; &#48372;&#44288;&#47308; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#44032; &#51452; &#49688;&#51061;&#50896;&#51060;&#50612;&#49436; &#49457;&#51109;&#50640; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50640; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51008; &#49688;&#53441;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#54869;&#48372;&#54620; &#44256;&#44061; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44592;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#49888;&#53441; &#49324;&#50629;&#44620;&#51648; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#54869;&#51109;&#54616;&#47728; &#49688;&#51061;&#49457;&#51012; &#44537;&#45824;&#54868;&#54616;&#47140;&#45716; &#51204;&#47029;&#51012; &#52712;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51060; &#49688;&#53441; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#45716; &#51060;&#50976;&#45716; &#45800;&#44592;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#45720;&#50612;&#45212; &#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441; &#49688;&#50836;&#47484; &#55137;&#49688;&#54616;&#44256;, &#51109;&#44592;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#51060;&#47484; &#48156;&#54032; &#49340;&#50500; &#49888;&#53441;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#44256;&#48512;&#44032;&#44032;&#52824; &#49324;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51109;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54632;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#49688;&#53441;&#44284; &#49888;&#53441;: &#48372;&#44288;&#47308;&#50640;&#49436; &#45149;&#45208;&#45712;&#45264;, &#44536; &#50948;&#50640; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#50617;&#45712;&#45264;</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png" width="1372" height="892" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:892,&quot;width&quot;:1372,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:233034,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mhCA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a196d70-46f8-4ad5-bcd8-829428ee654a_1372x892.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#49688;&#53441;&#44284; &#49888;&#53441;&#51008; &#51060;&#47492;&#51060; &#48708;&#49847;&#54644; &#51088;&#51452; &#54775;&#44040;&#47536;&#45796;. &#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#49888;&#53441;&#50640;&#49436; &#51116;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#45716; &#51901;&#51012; '&#49688;&#53441;&#51088;'&#46972;&#44256; &#48512;&#47476;&#45768; &#45908;&#50865; &#54775;&#44040;&#47536;&#45796;. &#46160; &#49324;&#50629;&#51032; &#44277;&#53685;&#51216;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#51648;&#47564;, &#47585;&#51008; &#46244;&#50640; &#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49688;&#53441;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888; &#48372;&#44288;&#54644; &#51452;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45796;. &#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#51452;&#51064;&#51008; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060;&#44256;, &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#45716; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#47732; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#51204;&#48512;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#49888;&#53441;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;(&#50948;&#53441;&#51088;)&#51060; &#49888;&#53441;&#54924;&#49324;(&#49688;&#53441;&#51088;)&#50640;&#44172; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#45336;&#44592;&#47732;, &#49888;&#53441;&#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#47785;&#51201;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#44536; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#50868;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256; &#52376;&#48516;&#54620;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#49373;&#44596; &#51060;&#51061;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#51648;&#51221;&#54620; &#49324;&#46988;(&#49688;&#51061;&#51088;)&#50640;&#44172; &#46028;&#50500;&#44036;&#45796;. &#51665;&#50504; &#51116;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#50500; &#44404;&#47532;&#44256; &#51221;&#54644;&#51652; &#46412;&#50640; &#44032;&#51313;&#50640;&#44172; &#45208;&#45600; &#51452;&#45716; &#51665;&#49324;&#50640; &#44032;&#44637;&#45796;. &#49888;&#53441;&#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#54032;&#45800;&#54644; &#50880;&#51649;&#51060;&#45716; &#47564;&#53372;, &#49688;&#51061;&#51088;&#51032; &#51060;&#51061;&#51012; &#52572;&#50864;&#49440;&#51004;&#47196; &#54644;&#50556; &#54624; &#48277;&#51201; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51652;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#46160; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#45716; &#45936;&#44620;&#51648;&#45716; &#44057;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536; &#46244;&#50640; '&#48372;&#44288;'&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#45712;&#45264; '&#44288;&#47532;&#50752; &#50868;&#50857;'&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#45712;&#45264;&#51032; &#52264;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2><strong>3. &#44284;&#44144; &#49324;&#51060;&#53364;&#51032; &#48152;&#48373;: &#48372;&#44288;&#50640;&#49436; &#49888;&#53441;&#51004;&#47196;</strong></h2><p>&#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; &#45824;&#48512;&#48516;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48372;&#44288; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44172; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#52964;&#49828;&#53552;&#46356; &#50669;&#54624;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;. &#52488;&#44592; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#54788;&#47932; &#48143; &#49440;&#47932; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#48372;&#44288; &#49688;&#50836;&#44032; &#51473;&#49900;&#51060;&#50632;&#44592;&#50640; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#50868;&#50857; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#52572;&#44540; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#44592;&#48152;&#51032; &#44552;&#50997; &#49345;&#54408;&#51060; &#48376;&#44201; &#46020;&#51077;&#46104;&#47732;&#49436;, &#45800;&#49692; &#48372;&#44288;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#50868;&#50857; &#51648;&#49884;&#47484; &#49688;&#54665;&#54616;&#44256; &#48373;&#51105;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#44288;&#47532;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49888;&#53441; &#44592;&#45733;&#51032; &#54596;&#50836;&#49457;&#51060; &#48736;&#47476;&#44172; &#45824;&#46160;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#48320;&#54868;&#45716; &#44284;&#44144; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#48156;&#51204; &#44284;&#51221;&#44284; &#47588;&#50864; &#50976;&#49324;&#54616;&#45796;. 1860&#45380;&#45824; &#48120;&#44397; &#45224;&#48513;&#51204;&#51137; &#45817;&#49884; &#44397;&#52292; &#48156;&#54665; &#54869;&#45824;&#47196; &#52292;&#47924; &#51613;&#44428;&#51032; &#50504;&#51204;&#54620; &#48372;&#44288; &#49688;&#50836;&#44032; &#44553;&#51613;&#54664;&#44256;, &#51060;&#54980; &#54144;&#46300; &#54805;&#53468;&#51032; &#51665;&#54633;&#53804;&#51088; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#46321;&#51109;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#49688;&#53441; &#50629;&#47924;&#44032; &#51204;&#47928;&#51201;&#51064; &#49888;&#53441; &#49328;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51109;, &#48156;&#51204;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.1. &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;: &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51116;&#49328;&#51032; &#49345;&#49549;&#44284; &#45812;&#48372;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png" width="2048" height="1017" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1017,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:167878,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kvE5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81030f4-13cf-404d-bbc8-b6a7ba797816_2048x1017.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#48372;&#44288; &#49324;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644; &#49888;&#53441;&#44620;&#51648; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55180; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#48372;&#49828;&#53556;&#44284; &#47196;&#52404;&#49828;&#53552;&#51032; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#45796;. &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#51032; &#52488;&#44592; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#48372;&#44288;&#54632;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#44256; &#51076;&#45824;&#47308;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;. &#51060;&#54980; &#49888;&#53441; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#47585;&#51004;&#47732;&#49436; &#44060;&#51064;&#51032; &#49345;&#49549; &#51116;&#49328;&#51012; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44592;&#50629;&#51032; &#52292;&#44428; &#45812;&#48372;&#47484; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#44620;&#51648; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#54804;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55184; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45912; &#44163;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#51088;&#49328; &#48372;&#44288;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#54644;&#44208;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#51080;&#50632;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#49888;&#53441; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#54624; &#44428;&#54620;&#51012; &#44054;&#52628;&#47732;&#49436; &#44060;&#51064;&#44284; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060; &#44033;&#44033; &#44202;&#45912; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#45824;&#49888; &#54644;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44060;&#51064; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172;&#45716; &#49345;&#49549;&#51060; &#47928;&#51228;&#50688;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#49324;&#47581;&#54616;&#47732; &#48372;&#44288;&#54632;&#50640; &#46304; &#51613;&#44428;&#51012; &#51221;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#49345;&#49549;&#51064;&#50640;&#44172; &#45208;&#45600;&#50556; &#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48372;&#44288;&#54632;&#47564; &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#45716; &#54924;&#49324;&#50640;&#45716; &#51060;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54624; &#44428;&#54620;&#51060; &#50630;&#50632;&#45796;. &#49888;&#53441; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#47585;&#51004;&#47732;&#49436; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#49324;&#47581; &#54980; &#51116;&#49328;&#51032; &#44288;&#47532;&#50752; &#48516;&#48176;&#44620;&#51648; &#52293;&#51076;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;. &#51116;&#49328;&#51012; &#50868;&#50857;&#54644; &#48176;&#50864;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#54217;&#49373; &#49688;&#51061;&#51012; &#51648;&#44553;&#54616;&#44256;, &#48176;&#50864;&#51088;&#44032; &#49324;&#47581;&#54616;&#47732; &#51088;&#45376;&#50640;&#44172; &#50896;&#44552;&#51012; &#45336;&#44592;&#46020;&#47197; &#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#49885;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44592;&#50629; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172;&#45716; &#52292;&#44428; &#45812;&#48372; &#44288;&#47532;&#44032; &#47928;&#51228;&#50688;&#45796;. &#50668;&#47084; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#52292;&#44428;&#51012; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#47732;, &#52292;&#44428;&#51088;&#46308;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888;&#54644; &#45812;&#48372;&#47484; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#52292;&#47924; &#48520;&#51060;&#54665; &#49884; &#44428;&#47532;&#47484; &#54665;&#49324;&#54624; &#51452;&#52404;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54664;&#45796;. &#52292;&#44428;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#44033;&#51088; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47140;&#50868; &#51060; &#51068;&#51012; &#49888;&#53441;&#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#47585;&#50520;&#45796;. &#48372;&#49828;&#53556; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; 1883&#45380; &#50500;&#47700;&#47532;&#52856; &#47000;&#54588;&#46300; &#53588;&#47112;&#44536;&#47000;&#54532;&#51032; 300&#47564; &#45804;&#47084; &#52292;&#44428; &#48156;&#54665;&#50640;&#49436; &#45812;&#48372;&#47484; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#49688;&#53441;&#51088;&#44032; &#46096;&#44256;, &#51060;&#54980; &#51060;&#51088;&#44032; &#51648;&#44553;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51088; &#52292;&#44428;&#51088;&#46308;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888;&#54644; &#45812;&#48372;&#44428; &#49892;&#54665;&#51012; &#52397;&#44396;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44284;&#44144; &#49324;&#47168;&#47484; &#48372;&#47732;, &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#48155;&#45716; &#48372;&#44288; &#52404;&#44228;&#50640; &#48277;&#51201; &#44428;&#54620;&#51012; &#45908;&#54644; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#51649;&#51217; &#54644;&#44208;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47140;&#50868; &#51068;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888; &#47585;&#51004;&#47728; &#49457;&#51109;&#54664;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44172; &#47585;&#44600; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#45716; &#44288;&#47532;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#44592;&#45716; &#45936; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#44592;&#48152;&#51060; &#46096;&#44256;, &#49888;&#53441; &#44428;&#54620;&#51008; &#49345;&#49549;&#44284; &#45812;&#48372; &#44288;&#47532;&#50640; &#44060;&#51077;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44540;&#44144;&#44032; &#46096;&#45796;. &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#47728; &#49939;&#51008; &#50669;&#47049;&#51012; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#45796;&#51020; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#54644;&#44208;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#54876;&#50857;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#51032; &#49457;&#51109; &#44592;&#54924;&#46020; &#50668;&#44592;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;. &#47585;&#44596; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#45720;&#50632;&#45716;&#51648;&#49104; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#44536; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#50612;&#46500; &#51068;&#51060; &#45908; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620;&#51648;&#47484; &#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.2. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;(State Street): &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#54144;&#46300; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#44404;&#47532;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png" width="1568" height="664" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:664,&quot;width&quot;:1568,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:191454,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0u2_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e8f52d4-80dd-470b-bc41-fcf39e067724_1568x664.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.statestreet.com/">&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;(State Street)</a>&#45716; &#54144;&#46300; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45796;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#50868;&#50857;&#50640; &#45208;&#49440; &#49324;&#47168;&#45796;. 1924&#45380; &#48120;&#44397; &#52572;&#52488;&#51032; &#48036;&#52628;&#50620;&#54144;&#46300; &#49688;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#51012; &#47585;&#50520;&#44256;, 1978&#45380;&#50640;&#45716; &#44592;&#44288;&#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#50868;&#50857; &#48512;&#49436;&#47484; &#49464;&#50912;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47480; &#50868;&#50857;&#49324;&#44032; &#44404;&#47532;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#51649;&#51217; &#50868;&#50857;&#48372;&#49688;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#49324;&#50629;&#50640; &#51652;&#52636;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48372;&#44288;&#44284; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#54632;&#44760; &#47585;&#51004;&#47732; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#51228;&#44277;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#46020; &#47566;&#50500;&#51652;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#44592;&#45716; &#51068;&#44284; &#44404;&#47532;&#45716; &#51068;&#51012; &#44057;&#51008; &#44536;&#47353; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#54644;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#48372;&#44288; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51060;&#50857;&#54616;&#45912; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#50868;&#50857; &#49345;&#54408;&#46020; &#51228;&#50504;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#49352;&#47196; &#52286;&#45716; &#44163;&#49104; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#47728; &#49457;&#51109;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46108; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52395; &#50868;&#50857; &#49324;&#50629;&#46020; &#44592;&#51316; &#50629;&#47924;&#50752; &#44032;&#44620;&#50868; &#48516;&#50556;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#45716; &#52488;&#44592;&#50640; &#51064;&#45937;&#49828; &#50868;&#50857;&#44284; &#54788;&#44552; &#44288;&#47532;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; &#51064;&#45937;&#49828; &#50868;&#50857;&#50640;&#45716; &#51648;&#49688;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#49324;&#44256;, &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256;, &#48372;&#50976; &#45236;&#50669;&#51012; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#45733;&#47141;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49688;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#51004;&#47196;&#49436; &#54644;&#50724;&#45912; &#51068;&#51012; &#50868;&#50857; &#49324;&#50629;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#54876;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#54980;&#50640;&#45716; &#49345;&#54408;&#51012; &#54036; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44256;&#44061;&#52789;&#46020; &#45331;&#54804;&#45796;. 1993&#45380;<a href="https://www.nyse.com/markets/nyse-american"> &#50500;&#47700;&#47532;&#52856;&#51613;&#44428;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548;(American Stock Exchange)</a>&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#48120;&#44397; &#52572;&#52488;&#51032; ETF&#51064; SPY&#47484; &#49440;&#48372;&#50688;&#45796;. &#44592;&#44288;&#50640; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#45912; &#51064;&#45937;&#49828; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#44060;&#51064;&#46020; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436; &#49789;&#44172; &#49324;&#44256;&#54036; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49345;&#54408;&#51004;&#47196; &#47564;&#46304; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48372;&#44288;&#50640;&#49436; &#50868;&#50857;&#51004;&#47196;, &#50868;&#50857;&#50640;&#49436; &#49345;&#54408; &#54032;&#47588;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51060; &#51060;&#50612;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#45716; &#54144;&#46300; &#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000;&#183;&#51221;&#49328;&#183;&#44592;&#47197;&#51012; &#47585;&#51004;&#47728; &#49939;&#51008; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#51064;&#45937;&#49828; &#50868;&#50857;&#50640; &#54876;&#50857;&#54664;&#44256;, &#51060;&#54980; ETF&#47484; &#49440;&#48372;&#51060;&#47728; &#44060;&#51064;&#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44620;&#51648; &#44256;&#44061;&#52789;&#51012; &#45331;&#54804;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#46020; &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#44284; &#44592;&#51316; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172;&#49436; &#45796;&#51020; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#52286;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#48372;&#44288; &#50808;&#50640; &#47924;&#50631;&#51012; &#50896;&#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#49332;&#54588;&#44256;, &#51096;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#48512;&#53552; &#52628;&#44032;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48372;&#44288; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#45720;&#47532;&#45716; &#44163;&#47564;&#53372;, &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#44536; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#54876;&#50857;&#54624; &#48169;&#48277;&#51012; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612; &#51452;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060; &#51473;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>4. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#45716; &#49888;&#53441;&#51004;&#47196; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#48148;&#45068;&#45208;</strong></h2><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#46308;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692; &#48372;&#44288; &#45800;&#44228;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#49888;&#53441; &#49324;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196;&#51032; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#48376;&#44201;&#54868;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49888;&#53441; &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#54925;&#46301;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#49888;&#52397; &#51208;&#52264;&#47484; &#51652;&#54665;&#54616;&#47728;, &#44256;&#44061; &#45824;&#49345; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#48143; &#49345;&#54408; &#46972;&#51064;&#50629;&#51012; &#45796;&#44033;&#54868;&#54616;&#45716; &#52628;&#49464;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;, &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;, &#50500;&#44256;&#46972;, &#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#45796;. &#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;&#50752; &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#44284; &#51221;&#49328;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55176;&#44256; &#51080;&#44256;, &#50500;&#44256;&#46972;&#50752; &#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928;&#44284; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49324;&#50629; &#48169;&#54693;&#51008; &#45796;&#47476;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640;&#49436; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49688;&#51061;&#50896;&#51012; &#52286;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.1. &#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;&#183;&#48708;&#53944;&#44256;: &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51088;&#49328; &#50948;&#50640; &#51008;&#54665; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#50617;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png" width="2048" height="994" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:994,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:197520,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X7c0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4734f799-b316-475b-ba3e-3dcac210f764_2048x994.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#44284;&#44144; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#46308;&#51008; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51116;&#49328;&#51032; &#49345;&#49549;&#44284; &#45812;&#48372; &#44288;&#47532;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#51004;&#47728; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#54804;&#45796;. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; <a href="https://www.anchorage.com/">&#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;(Anchorage Digital)</a>&#44284; <a href="https://www.bitgo.com/">&#48708;&#53944;&#44256;(BitGo)</a>&#44032; &#46041;&#51068;&#54616;&#44172; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55176;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#44592;&#44288;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#47196; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644;, &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#47585;&#44596; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50868;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#44552;&#50997; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#44620;&#51648; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#49688;&#53441;&#49104; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#49888;&#53441; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#54872;&#44221;&#51012; &#44054;&#52676;&#45796;. &#50549;&#52964;&#47532;&#51648;&#45716; 2021&#45380; 1&#50900;, &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;&#45716; 2025&#45380; 12&#50900; &#51452; &#51221;&#48512; &#51064;&#44032; &#49888;&#53441;&#54924;&#49324;&#50640;&#49436; <a href="https://www.occ.gov/">&#48120;&#44397; &#53685;&#54868;&#44048;&#46021;&#52397;(OCC)</a>&#51060; &#44048;&#46021;&#54616;&#45716; &#44397;&#44032;&#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204;&#54872;&#54664;&#45796;. </p><p>&#51060;&#54980;, &#49324;&#50629; &#48276;&#50948;&#46020; &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#183;&#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#44592;&#44288; &#49345;&#54408;&#48512;&#53552; RWA, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#44620;&#51648; &#45331;&#50612;&#51648;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#44284; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#51088;&#49328; &#48372;&#44288;&#50640; &#44144;&#47000;&#183;&#51221;&#49328;&#183;&#45812;&#48372; &#45824;&#52636;&#183;&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53433;&#51012; &#45908;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44172;&#45796;&#44032; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#51088;&#47196;&#49436; &#48156;&#54665;&#44284; &#49345;&#54872;, &#51456;&#48708;&#44552; &#44288;&#47532;&#44620;&#51648; &#45812;&#45817;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#51228; &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#51032; &#44221;&#51137; &#49345;&#45824;&#45716; &#45796;&#47480; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#50640; &#44536;&#52824;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629;&#50640; &#51652;&#52636;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685; &#51008;&#54665;&#44284;&#46020; &#44592;&#44288; &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#46160;&#44256; &#44221;&#51137;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#48120; &#54869;&#48372;&#54620; &#44256;&#44061;&#44284; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54644; &#50728; &#44221;&#54744;&#51060; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#183;&#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#44592;&#44288; &#49345;&#54408;&#44284; RWA, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#52964;&#51656;&#49688;&#47197;, &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#47585;&#50500; &#50728; &#44552;&#50997; &#50629;&#47924;&#51032; &#51068;&#48512;&#47484; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#44592;&#54924;&#46020; &#52964;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#51228; &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#48512;&#47928;&#50640;&#49436; &#51204;&#53685; &#51008;&#54665;&#44284; &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#46160;&#44256; &#44221;&#51137;&#54624; &#47564;&#53372; &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#52964;&#51276;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#54869;&#48372;&#54620; &#44592;&#44288; &#44256;&#44061;&#44284; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44552;&#50997; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#52376;&#47532;&#54644; &#50728; &#44221;&#54744;&#51060; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51204;&#53685; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#54869;&#45824;&#54616;&#45716; &#46041;&#50504;, &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000;&#50752; &#51221;&#49328;, &#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#51004;&#47728; &#47676;&#51200; &#51088;&#47532;&#47484; &#51105;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51652;&#52636;&#54624; &#46412;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#51452;&#50836; &#44221;&#51137;&#51088;&#47196; &#51088;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#183;&#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#44592;&#44288; &#49345;&#54408;&#44284; RWA, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#52964;&#51656;&#49688;&#47197; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997; &#50629;&#47924;&#46020; &#47566;&#50500;&#51652;&#45796;. &#44284;&#44144; &#44552;&#44256; &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#49888;&#53441;&#51012; &#44144;&#52432; &#51008;&#54665;&#51004;&#47196; &#49457;&#51109;&#54664;&#46319;, &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#46020; &#48372;&#44288; &#51204;&#47928; &#50629;&#52404;&#50640;&#49436; &#44592;&#44288;&#51032; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#44552;&#50997;&#51012; &#47585;&#45716; &#54924;&#49324;&#47196; &#52964;&#51648;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><p>&#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#49688;&#53441;&#44284; &#49888;&#53441;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#53412;&#50868; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#54999;&#45216; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#51008;&#54665;&#51004;&#47196; &#49457;&#51109;&#54624; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49464;&#44228; &#50612;&#46356;&#49436;&#46304; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#44592;&#44256; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#44552;&#50997; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#54200;&#54616;&#44172; &#52376;&#47532;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#47732;, &#50864;&#47532;&#50640;&#44172;&#46020; &#44397;&#44032;&#50640;&#49436; &#50868;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716; &#51008;&#54665;&#52376;&#47100; &#51060;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.2. &#50500;&#44256;&#46972;(Agora)&#183;&#52852;&#53580;&#45208;(Catena): &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45912; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#44404;&#47532;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png" width="2048" height="1115" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1115,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:211387,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!96H0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a33e135-5ba2-44aa-81be-5940ae4a7bc1_2048x1115.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#53944;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#45716; &#54144;&#46300; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#47728; &#49939;&#51008; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#50868;&#50857;&#50640; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256;, &#51060;&#54980; ETF&#47196; &#44256;&#44061;&#52789;&#51012; &#45331;&#54804;&#45796;. <a href="https://www.agora.finance/">&#50500;&#44256;&#46972;(Agora)</a>&#50752; <a href="https://catena.com/">&#52852;&#53580;&#45208;(Catena)</a>&#46020; &#48372;&#44288;&#50640; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928;&#44284; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#45908;&#54616;&#45716; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936;&#49436; &#45908; &#45208;&#50500;&#44032;, &#50612;&#46356;&#50640; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#50868;&#50857;&#54624;&#51648; &#51228;&#49884;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; 2026&#45380; 9&#50900; 18&#51068; OCC&#47196;&#48512;&#53552; &#44397;&#44032;&#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665; &#49444;&#47549; &#50696;&#48708; &#51312;&#44148;&#48512; &#49849;&#51064;&#51012; &#48155;&#50520;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#51088;&#48376;&#44552;&#44284; &#50868;&#50689; &#52404;&#44228; &#46321; &#44060;&#50629; &#51312;&#44148;&#51012; &#52649;&#51313;&#54616;&#44256; &#52572;&#51333; &#50689;&#50629; &#49849;&#51064;&#51012; &#48155;&#50500;&#50556; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#49884;&#51089;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#51088;&#47928;&#183;&#50868;&#50857; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#50500;&#51649; &#47588;&#52636;&#51060;&#45208; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#54217;&#44032;&#54624; &#45800;&#44228;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#50689;&#50629;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#45716; &#45800;&#44228;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49849;&#51064; &#51060;&#54980; &#50500;&#44256;&#46972;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#44596; &#44592;&#44288; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#53804;&#51088;&#52376;&#50752; &#49688;&#51061; &#44592;&#54924;&#47484; &#52628;&#52380;&#54624; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060;&#45796;. &#52572;&#51333; &#53804;&#51088; &#44208;&#51221;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#54620;&#45796;. &#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#45716; &#44256;&#44061;&#44284; &#51221;&#54620; &#51312;&#44148;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51649;&#51217; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50868;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256;, AI &#50640;&#51060;&#51204;&#53944;&#44032; &#44592;&#50629;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888;&#54644; &#49324;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#46020; &#44288;&#47532;&#54624; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48169;&#49885;&#51008; &#45796;&#47476;&#51648;&#47564;, &#46160; &#54924;&#49324; &#47784;&#46160; &#51088;&#49328; &#48372;&#44288;&#50640; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928;&#51060;&#45208; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#45908;&#54616;&#47140;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#46308;&#51032; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49328;&#50629; &#52488;&#44592; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51064; &#50880;&#51649;&#51076;&#51008; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#51060;&#54644;&#54616;&#44256; &#51204;&#47029;&#51012; &#44396;&#52629;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51060; &#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#46356;&#54028;&#51060;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#44144;&#45208; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#44277;&#44553;&#54616;&#44256;, &#50668;&#47084; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#50672;&#44208;&#54644; &#49688;&#51061;&#51012; &#45236;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44284; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#45796;&#47480; &#47564;&#53372;, &#49688;&#51061;&#51060; &#50612;&#46356;&#49436; &#45208;&#50724;&#44256; &#50612;&#46500; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#44048;&#49688;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#51061;&#55176;&#45716; &#45936; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#50640;&#49436; &#50868;&#50857; &#44221;&#54744;&#51060; &#47566;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; &#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#44263;&#48148;&#47196; &#51652;&#51077;&#54616;&#44592;&#45716; &#50612;&#47140;&#50868; &#51060;&#50976;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50500;&#44256;&#46972;&#50752; &#52852;&#53580;&#45208;&#44032; &#47676;&#51200; &#53804;&#51088; &#44592;&#54924;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54616;&#44256; &#50868;&#50857; &#51204;&#47029;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732;, &#46244;&#45734;&#44172; &#51652;&#51077;&#54616;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997;&#49324;&#48372;&#45796; &#50526;&#49444; &#50668;&#51648;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;. &#50689;&#50629;&#51012; &#49884;&#51089;&#54620; &#46244; &#49892;&#51228; &#49457;&#44284;&#50752; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#44221;&#54744;&#44620;&#51648; &#49939;&#51004;&#47732; &#51060; &#52264;&#51060;&#45716; &#45908; &#52964;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. </p><p>&#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#49324;&#48372;&#45796; &#47676;&#51200; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#49939;&#45716;&#45796;&#47732;, &#51060;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#54869;&#49892;&#54620; &#50864;&#50948;&#47484; &#49440;&#51216;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#54980; &#44060;&#51064;&#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46020; &#49789;&#44172; &#51060;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49345;&#54408;&#51012; &#45236;&#45459;&#45716;&#45796;&#47732; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#50868;&#50857;&#49324;&#50752; &#45824;&#46321;&#54644;&#51656; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#52964;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>5. &#49688;&#53441;&#51008; &#51060;&#51228; &#44592;&#48376;, &#44536;&#45796;&#51020;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;</strong></h2><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44172; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51008; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#51032; &#44592;&#48376; &#50629;&#47924;&#45796;. &#50526;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#47585;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328;&#51004;&#47196; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#50612;&#46500; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45712;&#45264;&#44032; &#51473;&#50836;&#54644;&#51652;&#45796;. &#46356;&#54028;&#51060;(DeFi)&#50752; RWA &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#52964;&#51648;&#47732;&#49436; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#49104; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#53804;&#51088;&#54616;&#44256; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#50416;&#44256; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#47140;&#45716; &#49688;&#50836;&#46020; &#45720;&#44256; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#44397;&#52292; &#54144;&#46300;&#44032; &#54620; &#50696;&#45796;. &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#54144;&#46300;&#47484; &#48372;&#50976;&#54616;&#47728; &#49688;&#51061;&#51012; &#50619;&#45716; &#45936;&#49436; &#44536;&#52824;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256;, &#51060;&#47484; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140; &#45796;&#47480; &#53804;&#51088;&#50640; &#54876;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;. &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#50668;&#47084; &#44552;&#50997; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44552;&#50997;&#49324; &#51077;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49345;&#54408;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#44163;&#44284; &#54632;&#44760;, &#44592;&#51316; &#49345;&#54408;&#51012; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#45908; &#45796;&#50577;&#54616;&#44172; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#46037;&#45716; &#51068;&#46020; &#51473;&#50836;&#54644;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#50640;&#46020; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#45331;&#55184; &#44592;&#54924;&#44032; &#49373;&#44596;&#45796;. &#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#53804;&#51088;&#50752; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#47140;&#47732; &#50504;&#51204;&#54620; &#48372;&#44288;&#51008; &#47932;&#47200;, &#51088;&#49328; &#51060;&#51204;&#44284; &#51221;&#49328;, &#45812;&#48372; &#44288;&#47532;&#46020; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;. &#51060;&#48120; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#44032; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#50629;&#47924;&#44620;&#51648; &#52376;&#47532;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732; &#44592;&#44288; &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#44552;&#50997; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640;&#49436; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#47585;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49888;&#53441;&#51008; &#44536;&#51473; &#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#44288;&#47532;&#50752; &#50868;&#50857;&#44620;&#51648; &#47585;&#45716; &#48169;&#48277;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#51221;&#54620; &#47785;&#51201;&#44284; &#44228;&#50557;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256;, &#53804;&#51088;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#51648;&#44553;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#44620;&#51648; &#52293;&#51076;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#50526;&#49436; &#48376; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#52376;&#47100; &#49888;&#53441;&#51008;&#54665;&#44284; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#45720;&#47532;&#47732;, &#51008;&#54665;&#44284; &#51613;&#44428;&#49324;, &#50868;&#50857;&#49324;&#44032; &#54616;&#45912; &#50629;&#47924; &#51068;&#48512;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#45716; &#54924;&#49324;&#47196; &#49457;&#51109;&#54624; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#44163;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51060; &#52964;&#51648;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#44256;, &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50504;&#51204;&#54616;&#44172; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#47728;, &#49892;&#51228; &#49457;&#44284;&#47196; &#49888;&#47280;&#47484; &#49939;&#50500;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857;&#44284; &#44144;&#47000; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#49939;&#51008; &#49688;&#53441;&#49324;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#49324;&#50752;&#51032; &#44221;&#51137;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#50526;&#49444; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>1&#45380; &#51204;&#50640;&#45716; &#49688;&#53441; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#49457;&#51109; &#51088;&#52404;&#50640; &#51452;&#47785;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51060;&#51228;&#45716; &#44536; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#47585;&#51008; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51060; &#45796;&#51020;&#50640; &#47924;&#50631;&#51012; &#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; 1&#45380;&#51008; &#49888;&#53441; &#50629;&#47924;&#47484; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#45912; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51060; &#49892;&#51228; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#45236;&#45459;&#44256; &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#44592;&#44032; &#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49688;&#53441;&#51060; &#44592;&#48376; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732;, &#49888;&#53441;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#50612;&#46500; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#53412;&#50864;&#45712;&#45264;&#44032; &#44536;&#45796;&#51020; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51012; &#44032;&#47484; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>&#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50752; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor">&#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;: &#50976;&#47101; MiCA&#44032; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49892;&#54665; &#44592;&#51456;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/change-in-the-us-kor">&#53944;&#47100;&#54532; &#51221;&#48512; 1&#45380;, &#48120;&#44397; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/onchain-risk-curators-147t-vs-7b-kor">$147T vs $7B, &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#53328;&#47112;&#51060;&#53552; &#49884;&#51109; &#48516;&#49437;</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944; &#51060;&#50857; &#50504;&#45236;</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[규제를 기다리지 않는 은행들: 유럽 MiCA가 제시하는 스테이블코인 실행 기준]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#50976;&#47101; MiCA&#47484; &#48292;&#52824;&#47560;&#53356; &#49340;&#50500; &#44508;&#51228; &#50756;&#49457; &#51204; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#49440;&#51216;&#54616;&#45716; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#49892;&#54665; &#51204;&#47029;. &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#44284; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#45824;&#54665; &#47784;&#45944; &#48708;&#44368;, 30% &#48516;&#47532; &#50696;&#52824; &#46321; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552; &#44288;&#47532;, &#48177;&#49436; &#44160;&#51613; &#48143; &#49345;&#54872; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#45824;&#51025; &#48169;&#50504;&#51012; &#51228;&#49884;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Stella Yeom]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2026 13:03:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222329074/8e26ae9e8381f3b9684e1ac8ac1781f8.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#44508;&#51228; &#50756;&#49457;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#47728; &#44288;&#47581;&#54616;&#45912; &#44552;&#50997;&#49324;&#46308;&#51060; &#46244;&#45734;&#44172; &#51652;&#51077;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54616;&#45716; &#49324;&#51060;, &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#51680; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51008; &#44592;&#50629; &#44208;&#51228;&#47581;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#47728; &#54980;&#48156; &#51452;&#51088;&#44032; &#45336;&#44592; &#55192;&#46304; &#44201;&#52264;&#47484; &#48268;&#47140;&#45459;&#50520;&#45796;. &#47344;&#51060; &#51221;&#54644;&#51648;&#51088;&#47560;&#51088; &#50880;&#51649;&#51064; &#50976;&#47101; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#49440;&#51216;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#48277;&#50504;&#51060; &#53685;&#44284;&#46108; &#46244;&#50640;&#50556; &#44160;&#53664;&#47484; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#47732; &#45734;&#45796;. &#48376;&#52404; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;, &#51088;&#54924;&#49324; &#49444;&#47549;, &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51473; &#52712;&#54624; &#47784;&#45944;&#51012; &#54869;&#51221;&#54616;&#44256;, &#8216;30% &#48516;&#47532; &#50696;&#52824;&#8217;&#50752; &#45800;&#44228;&#48324; &#44508;&#51228; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#48120;&#47532; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644; &#46164; &#44275;&#47564;&#51060; &#48277; &#49884;&#54665;&#44284; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. </p></li><li><p>&#44221;&#50689;&#51652; &#48277;&#51201; &#52293;&#51076;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536; &#48177;&#49436; &#44160;&#51613; &#52404;&#44228;&#50752; &#49345;&#54872;&#183;&#48373;&#44396; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060; &#44054;&#52656;&#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;&#47732;, &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#44032; &#50676;&#47140;&#46020; &#52636;&#49884; &#49884;&#51216;&#51008; &#44592;&#50557; &#50630;&#51060; &#48128;&#47536;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#49884;&#54665;&#46104;&#45716; &#45216;, &#52636;&#48156;&#49440;&#51008; &#51208;&#45824; &#44057;&#51648; &#50506;&#45796;<strong>.</strong> &#48277;&#50504; &#54869;&#51221;&#47564;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47140;&#50728; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#49436;&#47448; &#51089;&#50629;&#48512;&#53552; &#49884;&#51089;&#54624; &#46412;, MiCA&#47484; &#44592;&#51456; &#49340;&#50500; &#49552;&#51061; &#44160;&#51613;&#44284; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901;&#51012; &#45149;&#45236;&#46164; &#44275;&#51008; &#51593;&#49884; &#44144;&#47000; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#55137;&#49688;&#54620;&#45796;. &#44508;&#51228;&#45716; &#47784;&#46304; &#51008;&#54665;&#50640; &#44277;&#54217;&#54616;&#44172; &#50676;&#47532;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#51216;&#50976;&#50984;&#51008; &#47676;&#51200; &#51456;&#48708;&#47484; &#45149;&#45240; &#51901;&#51060; &#44032;&#51256;&#44036;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#50780; &#50976;&#47101;&#50640;&#49436; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#51456;&#48708; &#44284;&#51228;&#47484; &#52286;&#45716;&#44032;</strong></h2><p>&#51204; &#49464;&#44228;&#44032; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51032; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#44288;&#47532;&#47484; &#51200;&#50872;&#51656;&#54616;&#45716; &#46041;&#50504;, &#50976;&#47101;&#51008; MiCA(&#50516;&#54840;&#51088;&#49328;&#49884;&#51109;&#48277;)&#47196; &#51652;&#51077; &#51088;&#44201;&#44284; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552; &#44288;&#47532;, &#49345;&#54872; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51068;&#52236;&#44048;&#52824; &#51221;&#47549;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#47749;&#54869;&#54644;&#51648;&#51088; &#50976;&#47101; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51008; &#47581;&#49444;&#51076; &#50630;&#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#51652;&#51077;&#54664;&#44256;, &#51060;&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064;&#51012; &#49464;&#50864;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44508;&#51228; &#45817;&#44397;&#50640; &#44032;&#51109; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#49892;&#51613; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44508;&#51228; &#50756;&#49457;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47536; &#46244;&#50640; &#50880;&#51649;&#51060;&#47732; &#51060;&#48120; &#45734;&#45796;. &#44508;&#51228; &#44277;&#48177;&#44592;&#50640; &#51080;&#45716; &#44397;&#44032;&#51032; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51060; &#51228;&#46020; &#51221;&#48708; &#51060;&#51204;&#48512;&#53552; &#49324;&#50629; &#47784;&#45944;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#49444;&#44228;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#51060;&#50976;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692;&#55176; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#52237;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256; &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#49688;&#51456;&#50640;&#49436; &#45149;&#45208;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#48277;&#51060; &#50756;&#49457;&#46104;&#44592; &#51204; &#45796;&#51020; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#54645;&#49900; &#44284;&#51228;&#47484; &#48120;&#47532; &#51456;&#48708;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><ol><li><p>&#52395;&#51704;, &#49324;&#50629; &#48169;&#49885;&#51032; &#54869;&#51221;: &#51649;&#51217; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;, &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#51032; &#50976;&#53685;&#183;&#52964;&#49828;&#53552;&#46356; &#46321; &#50672;&#44228; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#47585;&#51012; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#46168;&#51704;, &#51456;&#48708;&#51088;&#49328; &#44288;&#47532; &#52404;&#44228; &#44396;&#52629;: &#48277;&#51201; &#51088;&#44201; &#50836;&#44148;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#51456;&#48708;&#44552;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#44201;&#47532;&#183;&#50868;&#50857;&#54624; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#49483;&#51704;, &#49345;&#54872; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#44284; &#44256;&#44061; &#48372;&#54840;: &#45824;&#44508;&#47784; &#54872;&#47588; &#50836;&#52397; &#49884; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51064; &#50896;&#44552; &#48152;&#54872; &#51208;&#52264;&#50752; &#44277;&#49884; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#44054;&#52636; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;</p></li></ol><p>&#51060; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221;&#51032; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#51060; &#48148;&#47196; MiCA&#51032; EMT(&#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#53664;&#53360;, &#48277;&#51221;&#54868;&#54224; &#50672;&#46041; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;) &#44508;&#51221;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48376;&#47928;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50976;&#47101;&#51032; EMT &#48156;&#54665; &#48143; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#44508;&#50984; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44508;&#51228; &#44277;&#48177;&#50640; &#45459;&#51064; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#51648;&#44552; &#45817;&#51109; &#49892;&#54665;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#49892;&#47924; &#51456;&#48708; &#48169;&#50504;&#51012; &#49332;&#54196;&#48376;&#45796;. <strong>&#44033; &#44284;&#51228;&#45716; [&#51648;&#44552; &#44208;&#51221;&#54624; &#54645;&#49900; &#44284;&#51228; &#8594; MiCA &#49464;&#48512; &#51312;&#54637; &#48516;&#49437; &#8594; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201; &#45824;&#51025; &#51204;&#47029;]&#51032; &#49692;&#49436;&#47196; &#51674;&#50612;&#48376;&#45796;.</strong> MiCA&#44032; &#48277;&#51201; &#53580;&#46160;&#47532;&#47484; &#51228;&#49884;&#54624; &#49104; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629; &#47784;&#45944;&#44284; &#49688;&#51061;&#54868; &#51204;&#47029;&#44620;&#51648; &#45824;&#49888; &#44208;&#51221;&#54644;&#51452;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45716; &#47564;&#53372;, &#50976;&#47101;&#51032; &#49440;&#47168;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#50864;&#47532; &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51060; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45236;&#47140;&#50556; &#54624; &#54032;&#45800;&#51012; &#44396;&#52404;&#54868;&#54644;&#48372;&#44256;&#51088; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>1. &#52395; &#48264;&#51704; &#44208;&#51221; &#44284;&#51228;: &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624;&#51648;, &#54841;&#51008; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47564;&#51012; &#51228;&#44277;&#54624;&#51648; &#51221;&#54620;&#45796;</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png" width="1456" height="1025" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/efacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1025,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IGex!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fefacc930-36be-4b85-a1c6-77e07ccc2841_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#47676;&#51200;, &#44592;&#49696;&#48372;&#45796; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#44284; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#49324;&#50629; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#51676;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#50976;&#47101; &#45236;&#50640;&#49436; EMT&#47484; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44275;&#51008; <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-48-requirements-offer-public-or?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51008;&#54665; &#54841;&#51008; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;</a>&#49104;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;(Electronic Money Institution, EMI)&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#51204;&#51088;&#51648;&#44049; &#46321;&#50640; &#52649;&#51204;&#54620; &#46024;&#51004;&#47196; &#44208;&#51228;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#49569;&#44552;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197; &#54616;&#45716; &#54924;&#49324;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665; &#50669;&#49884; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#44600; &#50808;&#50640;, &#48324;&#46020; &#51088;&#54924;&#49324;&#47484; &#49444;&#47549;&#54644; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288; &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#50500; EMT&#47484; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51012; &#53469;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46160; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828; &#47784;&#46160; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#51060; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51201;&#50857;&#48155;&#45716; &#48277;&#51201; &#44508;&#51228;&#50752; &#51088;&#48376; &#44508;&#51228; &#49688;&#51456;&#51008; &#54032;&#51060;&#54616;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665; &#48376;&#52404;&#51032; &#44148;&#51204;&#49457; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356;&#47484; &#52264;&#45800;&#54624; &#44163;&#51064;&#51648;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#51032; &#49888;&#51064;&#46020;&#47484; &#51204;&#47732;&#50640; &#45236;&#49464;&#50872; &#44163;&#51064;&#51648; &#46321; &#49324;&#50629; &#47785;&#51201;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#48376;&#52404; &#48156;&#54665;&#44284; &#51088;&#54924;&#49324; &#49444;&#47549; &#51473; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#51648;&#48176;&#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51221;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45208;&#50500;&#44032; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51008; &#48156;&#54665; &#51204; &#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408; &#49444;&#47749;&#49436;&#50640; &#51456;&#54616;&#45716; &#48177;&#49436;(Crypto-asset White Paper) &#44277;&#49884;&#44032; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#51032; &#48277;&#51201; &#44396;&#51312;, &#51456;&#48708;&#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857; &#48169;&#49885;, &#53804;&#51088;&#51088; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356;&#47484; &#45812;&#51008; &#48177;&#49436; &#51089;&#49457;&#44284; &#44552;&#50997;&#183;&#48277;&#47924;&#51201; &#44160;&#53664;&#44032; &#49440;&#54665;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#47732;, &#50500;&#47924;&#47532; &#46832;&#50612;&#45212; &#44592;&#49696;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#44396;&#54788;&#54644;&#46020; &#49324;&#50629;&#54868; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#51204;&#47732; &#49688;&#51221;&#51060; &#48520;&#44032;&#54588;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png" width="1456" height="939" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:939,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ixaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4ea5f5d-1d81-444f-a579-faf4f01646b2_2048x1321.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#46024;&#51012; &#46028;&#47140;&#51460; &#49345;&#54872; &#52404;&#44228;&#50752; &#44536; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688;&#51061; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#47676;&#51200; &#47560;&#47144;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-49-issuance-and-redeemability-e?utm_source=chatgpt.com">MiCA &#51228;49&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; EMT &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#44032; &#50836;&#52397;&#54616;&#47732; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#50529;&#47732;&#44552;&#50529;&#51004;&#47196; &#49345;&#54872;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#49345;&#54872; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48155;&#51012; &#49688; &#50630;&#44256;, &#49345;&#54872; &#51312;&#44148;&#51008; &#48177;&#49436;&#50640; &#47749;&#54869;&#55176; &#49444;&#47749;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#48156;&#54665; &#49884; &#48155;&#51008; &#46024; &#51088;&#52404;&#47484; &#49688;&#51061;&#51004;&#47196; &#48380; &#49688; &#50630;&#51004;&#47728;, &#49345;&#54872; &#50836;&#52397;&#51060; &#47792;&#47140;&#46020; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54644; &#51648;&#44553;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png" width="1456" height="1153" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1153,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cn3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1e896cae-64e8-44bb-a8e9-c69e4e84bb2a_2048x1622.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;&#46020; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#44288;&#47144; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#48268; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA&#45716; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#48152;&#46300;&#49884; &#51088;&#44592; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#48156;&#54665;&#54644;&#50556;&#47564; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197; &#51221;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;.<a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-60-provision-crypto-asset-services"> &#51228;60&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#45796;&#47480; &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#48156;&#54665;&#54620; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#44256;&#44061; &#45824;&#49888; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#45796;&#47480; &#49324;&#46988;&#50640;&#44172; &#48372;&#45236;&#51452;&#44256;, &#48277;&#51221;&#54868;&#54224;&#47196; &#48148;&#44984;&#45716; &#46321;&#51032; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#46020; &#51228;&#44277;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51593;, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;&#46020; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#44256; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#49324;&#50629;&#51060; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#48324; &#52712;&#44553; &#48276;&#50948;&#44032; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49324;&#51204;&#53685;&#51648;(&#51228;60&#51312; &#51228;1&#54637;)&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#53440;&#49324; &#48156;&#54665; &#53076;&#51064;&#44620;&#51648; &#45796;&#47344; &#49688; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;(EMI)&#51008; &#49324;&#51204;&#53685;&#51648;(&#51228;60&#51312; &#51228;4&#54637;)&#47484; &#44144;&#52432;&#46020; &#51088;&#52404; &#48156;&#54665;&#54620; EMT&#51032; &#48372;&#44288;&#183;&#51060;&#51204;&#47564; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#45796;. EMI&#44032; &#53440;&#49324; &#53076;&#51064;&#44620;&#51648; &#52712;&#44553;&#54616;&#47140;&#47732; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#51088;&#49328;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#51228;&#44277;&#51088;(CASP) &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#50500;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#45796;&#47336;&#47140;&#47732; &#51008;&#54665; &#48376;&#52404;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#45208;&#49444;&#51648;, &#51088;&#54924;&#49324;&#50640; &#52628;&#44032; &#51064;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#51012;&#51648; &#48708;&#50857;&#44284; &#49892;&#51061;&#51012; &#46384;&#51256;&#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44592;&#51316; &#51648;&#44553;&#44208;&#51228; &#44508;&#51228;&#50752;&#51032; &#51473;&#52393;&#46020; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44256;&#44061;&#51032; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51060;&#52404;&#54644; &#51452;&#45716; &#50629;&#47924;&#45716; MiCA&#49345; &#8216;&#50516;&#54840;&#51088;&#49328; &#51060;&#51204; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#8217;&#51060;&#51088; &#51648;&#44553;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#51648;&#52840;(PSD2)&#49345; &#8216;&#51648;&#44553;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#8217;&#50640; &#54632;&#44760; &#54644;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665; &#51064;&#44032;&#44032; &#51080;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; PSD2&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#44256;&#44061; &#51064;&#51613;(SCA)&#51060;&#45208; &#44144;&#47000; &#49324;&#44256; &#52293;&#51076;&#44620;&#51648; &#47732;&#51228;&#46104;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45716; &#47564;&#53372;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997; &#48277;&#47161;&#44284;&#51032; &#51221;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#48120;&#47532; &#44160;&#53664;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png" width="1456" height="1025" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1025,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DEDU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3bdbd74b-123e-45a3-842d-37c57de05009_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51060;&#51204; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#51032; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#52404;&#44228;&#50752; &#49552;&#51061;&#48516;&#44592;&#51216;&#51012; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44160;&#53664;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA&#49345; &#50516;&#54840;&#51088;&#49328; &#51060;&#51204; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51088;&#45716; &#44256;&#44061; &#44228;&#50557;&#49436;&#50640; &#51204;&#49569; &#48169;&#49885;, &#48372;&#50504; &#52404;&#44228;, &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;, &#51456;&#44144;&#48277;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#47728;, &#44032;&#44201;&#183;&#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#51221;&#52293;&#51012; &#50937;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#50640; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44277;&#49884;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#44592;&#54925; &#45800;&#44228;&#48512;&#53552; &#52293;&#51221; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#44032; &#50868;&#50689;&#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#44048;&#45817;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#46384;&#51256;&#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44148;&#45817; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#49688;&#51077;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596; &#50868;&#50689;&#48708;, &#51064;&#44148;&#48708;&#49104;&#47564; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#44256;&#44061; &#51064;&#51613;(SCA), &#51060;&#49345;&#44144;&#47000;&#53456;&#51648;(FDS), &#49324;&#44256; &#45824;&#51025;&#50640; &#46300;&#45716; &#52980;&#54540;&#46972;&#51060;&#50616;&#49828; &#48708;&#50857;&#44620;&#51648; &#52264;&#44048;&#54644;&#50556; &#49892;&#51656; &#49688;&#51061;&#51060; &#45208;&#50724;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53945;&#55176; &#48277;&#51221;&#54868;&#54224;&#47196;&#51032; &#8216;&#49345;&#54872;&#8217; &#50629;&#47924;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#48512;&#44284;&#44032; &#44552;&#51648;&#46104;&#48064;&#47196;, &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47484; &#49688;&#52712;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#8216;&#51060;&#51204; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#8217;&#50752; &#47924;&#49345; &#51228;&#44277;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#49345;&#54872; &#51208;&#52264;&#8217;&#47484; &#54924;&#44228;&#183;&#50868;&#50689;&#49345; &#47749;&#54869;&#55176; &#48516;&#47532;&#54644; &#52292;&#49328;&#49457;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#46160; &#48264;&#51704; &#44208;&#51221; &#44284;&#51228;: &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#51032; &#51088;&#44201;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#51456;&#48708;&#51088;&#49328; &#44288;&#47532; &#48169;&#49885;&#51012; &#51221;&#54620;&#45796;</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png" width="1456" height="1025" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1025,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5988!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1802872-f4a6-4b52-b017-f3aa2c9ca9d1_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#48155;&#51008; &#51088;&#44552;&#51032; &#44288;&#47532; &#48169;&#49885;&#51012; &#51221;&#54616;&#44592; &#51204;&#50640;, &#49892;&#51228; &#48156;&#54665; &#48277;&#51064;&#50640; &#50612;&#46500; &#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#45716;&#51648; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-48-requirements-offer-public-or?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;48&#51312;</a>&#45716; EMT&#47484; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#47196; &#48372;&#44256;, &#48324;&#46020; &#44508;&#51221;&#51060; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#54637;&#50640;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#51648;&#52840;&#51012; &#51201;&#50857;&#54620;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#49892;&#51228; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51008;&#54665;&#51064;&#51648; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;&#51064;&#51648;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#45716; &#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#45804;&#46972;&#51652;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665; &#48376;&#52404;&#50640;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#47728;, &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;&#51008; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#44256;&#44061;&#51088;&#44552; &#48372;&#54840; &#50836;&#44148;&#51012; &#46384;&#46972;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#51456;&#48708;&#54624; &#46412; &#48156;&#54665; &#48277;&#51064;&#44284; &#51064;&#44032; &#51333;&#47448; &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#49345;&#54872;&#54624; &#52293;&#51076;&#51060; &#51080;&#45716; &#48277;&#51064;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#51221;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png" width="1456" height="1061" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1061,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4F0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F272cfc31-57d4-4e72-8c72-311123fe4816_2048x1492.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#50612;&#46356;&#50640; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#48176;&#48516;&#54624;&#51648; &#51221;&#54616;&#44256;, &#49892;&#51228; &#50868;&#50857;&#49688;&#51061;&#44284; &#44288;&#47532;&#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#44228;&#49328;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-54-investment-funds-received?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;54&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;&#51060; EMT&#47484; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;, &#44256;&#44061; &#49688;&#52712; &#51088;&#44552;&#51032; &#52572;&#49548; 30%&#47484; &#45796;&#47480; &#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#48324;&#46020; &#44228;&#51340;&#50640; &#50696;&#52824;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#45208;&#47672;&#51648; &#51088;&#44552; &#50669;&#49884; &#46041;&#51068; &#53685;&#54868;&#47196; &#54364;&#49884;&#46108; &#51200;&#50948;&#54744;&#183;&#44256;&#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#50504;&#51204;&#51088;&#49328;&#50640;&#47564; &#53804;&#51088;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#51008;&#54665; &#48376;&#52404;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624; &#46412;&#45716; &#51060; 30% &#50696;&#52824; &#51032;&#47924;&#44032; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288; &#51088;&#54924;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#48156;&#54665;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732; 30%&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#50696;&#52824;&#44552;&#44284; &#50504;&#51204;&#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857;&#49688;&#51061;, &#44228;&#51340; &#44288;&#47532;&#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#44048;&#50504;&#54644; &#49324;&#51204; &#48176;&#48516; &#51204;&#47029;&#51012; &#51676;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#50500;&#51649; &#50756;&#49457;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#44397;&#44032;&#51032; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060;&#46972;&#46020; MiCA&#51032; &#8216;30% &#48516;&#47532; &#50696;&#52824;&#8217; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#48292;&#52824;&#47560;&#53356; &#49340;&#50500; &#48156;&#54665; &#51452;&#52404;&#48324; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#47484; &#48120;&#47532; &#44160;&#53664;&#54644; &#46168; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png" width="1456" height="1059" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1059,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SfgX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F662398fb-b75a-4b53-b39c-3c737fa5543f_2048x1490.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#47784;&#46304; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51060; &#44284;&#46020;&#54620; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#51648;&#47564; &#45800;&#44228;&#48324; &#48708;&#50857; &#49328;&#51221;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-56-classification-e-money-tokens">&#51228;56&#51312;</a>&#45716; &#48372;&#50976;&#51088; &#49688;, &#49884;&#44032;&#52509;&#50529;, &#44144;&#47000;&#47049; &#46321; &#44620;&#45796;&#47196;&#50868; &#50836;&#44148;&#51012; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#52649;&#51313;&#54620; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#47564; &#50976;&#47101;&#51008;&#54665;&#44048;&#46021;&#52397;(EBA)&#51060; &#8216;&#51473;&#50836; EMT(Significant EMT)&#8217;&#47196; &#51648;&#51221;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#44508;&#51221;&#54620;&#45796;. &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#45208;&#50728; &#47784;&#46304; &#53076;&#51064;&#51060; &#52376;&#51020;&#48512;&#53552; &#52572;&#44256; &#49688;&#51456;&#51032; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;&#45716; &#46907;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49892;&#51228;&#47196; EU&#50640; &#49888;&#44256;&#46108; 45&#44060; EMT &#51473; &#51060; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#52649;&#51313;&#54644; &#51473;&#50836; EMT&#47196; &#51648;&#51221;&#46108; &#44163;&#51008; USDC&#44032; &#50976;&#51068;&#54616;&#45796;. &#45208;&#47672;&#51648; 44&#44060;&#45716; &#51068;&#48152; &#44508;&#51228; &#53952; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48156;&#54665;&#183;&#50976;&#53685;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51593;, &#49324;&#50629; &#52488;&#44592;&#48512;&#53552; &#45824;&#54805; 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&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#52488;&#44592; &#51652;&#51077; &#45800;&#44228;&#51032; &#52572;&#49548; &#48708;&#50857;&#44284; &#54693;&#54980; &#49324;&#50629; &#54869;&#51109;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#8216;&#51473;&#50836; EMT&#8217;&#47196; &#51652;&#51077;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412; &#48156;&#49373;&#54624; &#52628;&#44032; &#51088;&#48376; &#54869;&#52649; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#44396;&#48516;&#54644; &#45800;&#44228;&#48324;&#47196; &#49552;&#51061; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#47484; &#49444;&#44228;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png" width="1456" height="1109" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1109,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!svwG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F856d9b75-731c-4f92-b28a-2573782d3610_2048x1560.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#48156;&#54665; &#51452;&#52404;&#47484; &#49440;&#53469;&#54624; &#46412;, &#51473;&#50836; EMT &#51648;&#51221; &#51060;&#54980; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51088;&#48376;&#44284; &#50948;&#54744;&#44288;&#47532; &#48708;&#50857;&#44620;&#51648; &#54632;&#44760; &#44160;&#53664;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-58-specific-additional-obligations?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;58&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#51473;&#50836; EMT&#47484; &#48156;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;&#51008; &#54217;&#44512; &#51456;&#48708;&#51088;&#49328;&#51032; 3%&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#44592;&#51088;&#48376;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#44256;, &#49345;&#54872; &#50836;&#52397;&#51060; &#47792;&#47140;&#46020; &#46024;&#51012; &#51648;&#44553;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#51221;&#44592;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51456;&#48708;&#51088;&#49328; &#46021;&#47549; &#44048;&#49324;&#46020; 6&#44060;&#50900;&#47560;&#45796; &#48155;&#50500;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51008;&#54665; &#48376;&#52404;&#50640;&#45716; &#51228;58&#51312; &#51228;1&#54637;&#51032; &#52628;&#44032; &#51032;&#47924;&#44032; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#47728;, &#44592;&#51316; &#51008;&#54665; &#44048;&#46021;&#52404;&#44228;&#44032; &#50976;&#51648;&#46108;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288;&#51008; &#51473;&#50836; EMT &#51648;&#51221; &#51204;&#50640;&#46020; &#44048;&#46021;&#45817;&#44397;&#51004;&#47196;&#48512;&#53552; &#51068;&#48512; &#44053;&#54868; &#50836;&#44148;&#51012; &#50836;&#44396;&#48155;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51204;&#51088;&#54868;&#54224;&#44592;&#44288; &#51088;&#54924;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54620; &#48156;&#54665;&#51012; &#44160;&#53664;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732;, &#52628;&#44032; &#51088;&#48376;&#51012; &#45572;&#44032; &#50616;&#51228; &#51312;&#45804;&#54624;&#51648; &#51221;&#54616;&#44256; &#50948;&#54744;&#44288;&#47532;&#183;&#44048;&#49324;&#183;&#50808;&#48512; &#49688;&#53441; &#50672;&#46041;&#50640; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51064;&#47141;&#44284; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#49324;&#50629;&#44228;&#54925;&#50640; &#48152;&#50689;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>3. &#49464; &#48264;&#51704; &#44208;&#51221; &#44284;&#51228;: &#49345;&#54872; &#51208;&#52264;&#50752; &#44256;&#44061; &#50504;&#45236;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#49444;&#44228;&#54620;&#45796;</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png" width="1456" height="1025" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1025,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ei3U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F551ef7b2-3683-4b1b-9927-f8a2d0ed7251_2048x1442.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#49345;&#54872;&#51012; &#50836;&#52397;&#54664;&#51012; &#46412; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#46028;&#47140;&#48155;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197;, &#49345;&#54872; &#51208;&#52264;&#50752; &#44256;&#44061; &#50504;&#45236;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#51456;&#48708;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-49-issuance-and-redeemability-e?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;49&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; EMT &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#47588;&#46020;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#44284; &#48324;&#44060;&#47196;, &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50640; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#50529;&#47732;&#44552;&#50529;&#51004;&#47196; &#49345;&#54872;&#51012; &#52397;&#44396;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#49345;&#54872; &#51312;&#44148;&#51012; &#48177;&#49436;&#50640; &#47749;&#54869;&#54616;&#44172; &#49444;&#47749;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#47728;, &#50896;&#52825;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49345;&#54872; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47484; &#48512;&#44284;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#50948;&#44592; &#49345;&#54889;&#50640;&#49436; &#48373;&#44396;&#44228;&#54925;&#50640; &#51221;&#54644;&#51652; &#51312;&#44148;&#44284; &#51208;&#52264;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#48512;&#44284;&#54616;&#45716; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#45716; &#50696;&#50808;&#47196; &#51064;&#51221;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49345;&#54872; &#50836;&#52397;&#51012; &#48155;&#45716; &#52285;&#44396;&#48512;&#53552; &#44256;&#44061; &#54869;&#51064;, &#53664;&#53360; &#54924;&#49688;, &#45824;&#44552; &#51648;&#44553;&#44620;&#51648;&#51032; &#51208;&#52264;&#50752; &#45812;&#45817;&#51088;&#47484; &#51221;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#48177;&#49436;&#183;&#51060;&#50857;&#50557;&#44288;&#183;&#50545; &#54868;&#47732;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#49345;&#54872; &#52285;&#44396;, &#51648;&#44553; &#48169;&#49885;, &#52376;&#47532; &#49884;&#44036;, &#51648;&#50672; &#49884; &#47928;&#51032;&#52376;&#47484; &#51068;&#44288;&#46104;&#44172; &#50504;&#45236;&#54624; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061;&#51060; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51068;&#48152; &#50696;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#50724;&#54644;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#46020;&#47197;, &#48177;&#49436;&#50752; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#54868;&#47732;&#50640;&#49436; &#49345;&#54408;&#51032; &#49457;&#44201;&#44284; &#48372;&#54840; &#48276;&#50948;&#47484; &#51068;&#44288;&#46104;&#44172; &#49444;&#47749;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png" width="1456" height="939" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nIdB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3fe6d103-5db5-4eaf-beab-efcc723d8f30_2048x1321.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-51-content-and-form-crypto-asset?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;51&#51312;</a>&#45716; &#48177;&#49436;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;, &#53664;&#53360;&#51032; &#44396;&#51312;, &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#51032; &#44428;&#47532;&#183;&#51032;&#47924;&#50752; &#50948;&#54744; &#46321;&#51012; &#44592;&#51116;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#54620;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; EMT&#50640;&#45716; &#50696;&#44552;&#48372;&#51109;&#51228;&#46020;&#50752; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#48372;&#49345;&#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#44221;&#44256;&#47484; &#47749;&#49884;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#48177;&#49436;&#47484; &#44277;&#44060; &#52572;&#49548; 20&#50689;&#50629;&#51068; &#51204;&#50640; &#44288;&#54624; &#44048;&#46021;&#45817;&#44397;&#50640; &#53685;&#51648;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#48064;&#47196;, &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#52636;&#49884; &#51068;&#51221;&#50640; &#48177;&#49436; &#51089;&#49457;&#44284; &#44160;&#53664; &#44592;&#44036;&#51012; &#48152;&#50689;&#54624; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52628;&#44032;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49345;&#54408;&#47749;&#51060;&#45208; &#54861;&#48372; &#47928;&#44396;&#44032; &#50696;&#44552;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#48372;&#54840;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#51064;&#49345;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#51648;&#46020; &#51216;&#44160;&#54624; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49345;&#54872; &#51208;&#52264;&#45208; &#51648;&#44553; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060; &#48148;&#45076; &#46412;&#45716; &#48177;&#49436;&#50752; &#44256;&#44061; &#50504;&#45236;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png" width="1456" height="981" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/be069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:981,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7aD0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe069ef0-e291-4de0-a0b8-d78e120143a9_2048x1380.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#48177;&#49436;&#51032; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#45572;&#44032; &#54869;&#51064;&#54616;&#44256; &#49849;&#51064;&#54624;&#51648; &#51221;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44033; &#49444;&#47749;&#51032; &#44540;&#44144;&#50752; &#44160;&#53664; &#51060;&#47141;&#51012; &#45224;&#44200;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>MiCA <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-52-liability-issuers-e-money-tokens?utm_source=chatgpt.com">&#51228;52&#51312;</a>&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; &#48177;&#49436;&#50640; &#48520;&#50756;&#51204;&#183;&#48520;&#47749;&#54869;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#50724;&#54644;&#47484; &#50976;&#48156;&#54616;&#45716; &#45236;&#50857;&#51060; &#54252;&#54632;&#46104;&#50612; &#48372;&#50976;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#49552;&#49892;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;, &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#47932;&#47200; &#44221;&#50689;&#51652;&#44284; &#44048;&#46021;&#44592;&#44396; &#44396;&#49457;&#50896;&#50640;&#44172;&#46020; &#48277;&#51201; &#49552;&#54644;&#48176;&#49345; &#52293;&#51076;&#51060; &#48512;&#44284;&#46108;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#52293;&#51076;&#51008; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#45208; &#50557;&#44288;&#51004;&#47196; &#47732;&#52293;&#46104;&#44144;&#45208; &#51228;&#54620;&#46112; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#48177;&#49436;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#49457;&#51012; &#45812;&#48372;&#54624; &#54637;&#47785;&#48324; &#49849;&#51064; &#52293;&#51076; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#44396;&#52629;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#49345;&#54872; &#52376;&#47532; &#54532;&#47196;&#49464;&#49828;&#45716; &#50868;&#50689;&#48512;&#49436;, &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; 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class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png" width="1456" height="1096" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZQGe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1c9f487-e115-4447-9935-9a35c35a6658_2048x1542.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 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MiCA&#45716; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#51456;&#48708; &#51473;&#51064; &#44397;&#44032;&#46308;&#50640; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#51012; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44208;&#44397; &#49892;&#51228; &#49324;&#50629;&#51008; &#44033;&#44397;&#51060; &#45236;&#45459;&#51012; &#52572;&#51333; &#48277;&#47456;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#52628;&#51652;&#46108;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#51088;&#44397; &#48277;&#50504;&#51060; &#54869;&#51221;&#46104;&#44592; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#47560;&#45285; &#49552;&#51012; &#45459;&#44256; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54624;&#44620;? &#51204;&#54784; &#44536;&#47111;&#51648; &#50506;&#45796;. <strong>&#48277; &#49884;&#54665; &#51204;&#51060;&#46972;&#46020; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#48120;&#47532; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#46384;&#51256;&#48372;&#44256; &#51456;&#48708;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#50689;&#50669;&#51008; &#54869;&#49892;&#54616;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><strong>&#52395;&#51704;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#44284;&#51032; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#48708;&#50857;&#183;&#54952;&#51061; &#48708;&#44368;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#46020;&#51077;&#51004;&#47196; &#44256;&#44061;&#44284; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#50619;&#51012; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#51060;&#51061;&#51012; &#49688;&#52824;&#47196; &#44160;&#51613;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51316; SWIFT &#44592;&#48152; &#54644;&#50808;&#49569;&#44552; &#45824;&#48708; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#51208;&#44048;&#50529;&#44284; &#44208;&#51228; &#49884;&#44036; &#45800;&#52629; &#54952;&#44284;&#47484; &#49328;&#52636;&#54616;&#44256;, &#49884;&#49828;&#53596; &#44396;&#52629;&#183;&#50868;&#50689;&#48708;&#47484; &#48768; &#46244;&#50640;&#46020; &#51008;&#54665;&#50640; &#49892;&#51656; &#47560;&#51652;&#51060; &#45224;&#45716;&#51648; &#46384;&#51256;&#48400;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; B2B &#47924;&#50669;&#44208;&#51228;, &#49548;&#50529; &#54644;&#50808;&#49569;&#44552; &#46321; &#50612;&#46500; &#44256;&#44061;&#44400;&#51012; &#53440;&#44611;&#51004;&#47196; &#49340;&#51012;&#51648; &#49324;&#50629;&#51032; &#50980;&#44285;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#44536;&#47540; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#46168;&#51704;, &#49324;&#50629; &#48169;&#49885;(&#45800;&#46021;&#183;&#44277;&#46041;&#183;&#50976;&#53685;)&#51032; &#53440;&#45817;&#49457; &#44160;&#53664;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#50696;&#49345; &#49688;&#51061;&#49457;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#52572;&#51201;&#51032; &#48708;&#51592;&#45768;&#49828; &#47784;&#45944;&#51012; &#49440;&#53469;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#51649;&#51217; &#48156;&#54665;&#54624; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#44256;, &#44592;&#51316; &#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#50976;&#53685;&#54616;&#45716; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#47196; &#45208;&#49444; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#51004;&#47728;, &#50668;&#47084; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#50672;&#54633;&#54644; &#44277;&#46041; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#47484; &#49464;&#50864;&#45716; &#45824;&#50504;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#50976;&#47101;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#48373;&#49688; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#52280;&#50668;&#54620; &#8216;&#53412;&#48156;&#47532;&#49828;(Qivalis)&#8217; &#52968;&#49548;&#49884;&#50628;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#50976;&#47196; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#44277;&#46041; &#48156;&#54665;&#51012; &#52628;&#51652;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44396;&#52629;&#44284; &#49345;&#54872; &#52404;&#44228; &#47560;&#47144;&#50640; &#46300;&#45716; &#48708;&#50857; &#48512;&#45812;&#51012; &#48516;&#49328;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44033; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061; &#51217;&#51216; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#44060;&#48156;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#49483;&#51704;, &#49892;&#49688;&#50836;&#51088; &#44160;&#51613;&#44284; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356; &#49440;&#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#48277;&#51060; &#50756;&#49457;&#46104;&#44600; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796; &#44397;&#44221; &#44036; &#44208;&#51228;&#44032; &#51110;&#51008; &#49688;&#52636;&#51077; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060;&#45208; &#54592;&#53580;&#53356; &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54168;&#51064;&#54252;&#51064;&#53944;(Pain Point)&#47484; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#46020;&#51077; &#49884; &#51208;&#44048;&#46104;&#45716; &#49884;&#44036;&#44284; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#49892;&#51613;&#54616;&#44256;, &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#54644;&#50808; &#54788;&#51648; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060;&#45208; &#44208;&#51228;&#49324;&#50629;&#51088;&#50752;&#51032; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901; &#45436;&#51032;&#47484; &#48120;&#47532; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644; &#46168; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#54869;&#51221;&#46104;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;, &#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51032; &#52636;&#48156;&#49440;&#51008; &#44057;&#51648; &#50506;&#51012; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> MiCA&#50752; &#44057;&#51060; &#47749;&#54869;&#54616;&#44172; &#51221;&#47549;&#46108; &#50976;&#47101;&#51032; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51064; &#44508;&#51228; &#44592;&#51456;&#44284; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216; &#49340;&#50500; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#52824;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#45824;&#48708;&#54616;&#44256;, &#44256;&#44061; &#49688;&#50836;&#50752; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#48120;&#47532; &#44160;&#51613;&#54620; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44263;&#48148;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629; &#49892;&#54665;&#50640; &#45208;&#49444; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#44508;&#51228; &#54869;&#51221;&#47564;&#51012; &#44592;&#45796;&#47140;&#50728; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#44536;&#51228;&#50556; &#49324;&#50629; &#47784;&#45944; &#44160;&#53664;&#48512;&#53552; &#49884;&#51089;&#54644;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#54620;&#44228;&#50640; &#48512;&#46378;&#55176;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44508;&#51228; &#51221;&#48708;&#45716; &#47784;&#46304; &#51008;&#54665;&#50640; &#49324;&#50629; &#44592;&#54924;&#47484; &#50676;&#50612;&#51460; &#49688; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#47676;&#51200; &#51456;&#48708;&#54620; &#51008;&#54665;&#51060; &#54869;&#48372;&#54620; &#49884;&#44036;&#44284; &#49884;&#51109; &#49440;&#51216;&#51032; &#44592;&#54924;&#44620;&#51648; &#46028;&#47140;&#51452;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;.</strong> &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#51088;&#44397; &#44508;&#51228;&#44032; &#50756;&#48708;&#46104;&#44592;&#47484; &#49688;&#46041;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796;, MiCA &#46321;&#51032; &#49464;&#44228;&#51201; &#44508;&#51228; &#54532;&#47112;&#51076;&#50892;&#53356;&#47484; &#52280;&#44256;&#54616;&#50668; &#51648;&#44552; &#45817;&#51109; &#44256;&#44061; &#49688;&#50836;&#47484; &#54869;&#51064;&#54616;&#44256; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#44160;&#51613;&#54616;&#47728; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#54801;&#47141; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47484; &#44396;&#52629;&#54644; &#45208;&#44032;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#54788;&#47749;&#54620; &#51204;&#47029;&#51060; &#46112; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>&#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50752; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/2027-korea-crypto-tax-kor">&#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#44284;&#49464; &#48152;&#45824; 73.7%, &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#47924;&#50631;&#51012; &#50864;&#47140;&#54616;&#45208;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="http://2026&#45380;, &#54620;&#44397; &#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#52636; &#52509;&#51221;&#47532;">2026&#45380;, &#54620;&#44397; &#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#52636; &#52509;&#51221;&#47532;</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/korea-crypto-market-a-guide-to-the-kor">&#54620;&#44397; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;, 2026 &#54616;&#48152;&#44592; &#52572;&#49888; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944; &#51060;&#50857; &#50504;&#45236;</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Banks That Do Not Wait for Regulation: Europe’s MiCA as the Execution Standard for Stablecoins ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Discover how banks use Europe&#8217;s MiCA as an execution benchmark to prepare stablecoin issuance, reserve segregation, and redemption workflows before local regulation passes.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Stella Yeom]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2026 13:03:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/222329087/967019c138a60050424e67587b8d91ca.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/banks-that-do-not-wait-for-regulation-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h3><ul><li><p>While financial institutions that waited for regulation to be finalized are only now weighing whether to enter, banks that structured their business early have secured corporate payment networks and opened a gap that later entrants will find hard to close. European banks that moved as soon as the rules were set already hold the lead in the market.</p></li><li><p>Starting the review only after legislation passes is too late. Only banks that have settled on a model, whether issuing from the bank itself, issuing through a subsidiary, or providing infrastructure services, and have already costed the 30% segregated deposit requirement and the regulatory expenses at each stage can launch a service the day the law takes effect. </p></li><li><p>Without a white paper verification process that carries legal liability for management, and without redemption and recovery plans in place, the launch date slips indefinitely even once licensing opens.</p></li><li><p>On the day regulation takes effect, banks will not start from the same position. While a bank that waited for the final legislation is still beginning its paperwork, a bank that has completed its profitability analysis and partnerships with MiCA as the benchmark can start capturing transaction flows immediately. Regulation opens the door to every bank equally, but market share goes to those that finished preparing first.</p><div><hr></div></li></ul><h3><strong>Why look to Europe</strong></h3><p>While the rest of the world is still weighing how to manage the risks of stablecoins, Europe settled the entry requirements, reserve management rules, and redemption obligations early through MiCA, the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation. Once the regime was clear, European banks entered the market without hesitation, and their experience has become the strongest real-world evidence available to regulators elsewhere that have yet to set clear guidelines.</p><p>Because moving only after regulation is complete is already too late, banks in countries whose stablecoin rules are still unsettled need to design their business models before those rules are in place.</p><p>A stablecoin business involves more than minting tokens and obtaining a license. Before the law is finalized, banks need to prepare for three core decisions.</p><ul><li><p>First, the business model: the bank has to decide whether to issue tokens directly or to provide related services, such as distribution and custody, for another issuer.</p></li><li><p>Second, the reserve management framework: the bank has to determine how reserves will be segregated and invested to meet the legal requirements that apply to the issuing entity.</p></li><li><p>Third, the redemption mechanism and customer protection: the bank has to work out how it will return principal promptly during a surge of redemption requests, and how it will structure its disclosures.</p></li></ul><p>The reference point for all three decisions is MiCA&#8217;s rules on e-money tokens (EMTs), the category covering stablecoins pegged to a fiat currency.</p><p>This report analyzes how Europe regulates EMT issuance and related services, and sets out the practical preparations a bank facing a regulatory gap can start now. Each decision is covered in the same order: the core decision to make now, the relevant MiCA provisions, and what the bank can do in advance. Because MiCA defines the legal boundaries without deciding a bank&#8217;s business model or monetization strategy, the European precedent is used here to spell out the decisions that banks outside the EU need to make ahead of their own regulation.</p><h3><strong>1. The first decision: issue directly, or provide only the services needed</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png" width="1456" height="997" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:997,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4I6k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047c2d5b-d195-4f06-b969-8f0c2e97c09c_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The business structure for issuance comes before the technology.</strong></p><p>In the EU, only <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-48-requirements-offer-public-or?utm_source=chatgpt.com">banks and electronic money institutions</a> may issue EMTs. An electronic money institution (EMI) is a company that lets customers pay or send money using funds loaded into an e-wallet or similar account. Besides issuing directly, a bank can also set up a separate subsidiary, obtain an EMI license for it, and issue EMTs through that entity.</p><p>Both licenses permit stablecoin issuance, but the legal and capital requirements that come with them differ substantially. A bank therefore needs to settle the governance question first, choosing between issuance from the bank itself and issuance through a subsidiary according to its business objective: whether it wants to shield the parent bank from prudential risk, or to lead with the credibility of its traditional banking infrastructure.</p><p>Before issuance, a stablecoin also requires publication of a crypto-asset white paper, a disclosure document comparable to the one required for a financial product. Unless the white paper, covering the token&#8217;s legal structure, how the reserve assets are managed, and the risks to holders, is drafted and reviewed from both a financial and a legal standpoint first, even a well-built technical implementation will have to be substantially reworked at the commercialization stage.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png" width="1456" height="863" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:863,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6nf3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b16b199-8526-42e6-aae7-c8dfbc61fb24_1760x1043.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A redemption process for returning customer funds, and a revenue model that can carry its cost, need to be in place first.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-49-issuance-and-redeemability-e?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Article 49</a> of MiCA, an issuer must redeem an EMT at par value whenever the holder requests it. Redemption fees are prohibited as a rule, and the redemption conditions must be clearly set out in the white paper. This means the funds received at issuance cannot be treated as revenue, and the issuer has to be able to raise and pay out the necessary cash even when redemption requests arrive all at once.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png" width="1456" height="1099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1099,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!emX4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f897cdc-7cb7-4906-9e7e-0d2fad6c0c06_1760x1329.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank can earn revenue from stablecoin services without issuing a stablecoin of its own.</strong></p><p>MiCA does not require a bank to issue its own stablecoin in order to run a stablecoin business. Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-60-provision-crypto-asset-services">Article 60</a>, a bank can provide services around tokens issued by other companies, including holding them in custody for customers, transferring them to other parties, and exchanging them for fiat currency, and it can charge fees for those services.</p><p>The permitted scope differs by type of institution, however. A bank can handle tokens issued by third parties after a prior notification under Article 60(1), whereas an EMI, even after notifying under Article 60(4), may only provide custody and transfer services for the EMTs it has issued itself. For an EMI to handle third-party tokens, it needs a separate authorization as a crypto-asset service provider (CASP), so a bank that wants to handle a range of tokens has to weigh the cost and benefit of acting through the parent bank against obtaining the additional authorization for a subsidiary.</p><p>Overlap with payments regulation also needs to be checked. Transferring tokens on a customer&#8217;s behalf can qualify both as a crypto-asset transfer service under MiCA and as a payment service under the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2). A banking license does not exempt the bank from PSD2 requirements such as strong customer authentication (SCA) or liability for unauthorized or defective transactions, so consistency with the financial laws already in force needs to be reviewed in advance.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png" width="1456" height="934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:934,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGEt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab7e6378-aa3f-4fab-9233-db13dcc96463_1760x1129.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The fee structure and break-even point of transfer services need to be examined in advance.</strong></p><p>Under MiCA, a provider of crypto-asset transfer services must specify in its client agreements the transfer method, the security arrangements, the fees, and the governing law, and must publish its pricing and fee policy on its website.</p><p>A bank therefore needs to test, from the planning stage, whether the fees it sets can cover its operating costs, because a per-transaction fee only yields a real margin after system operating costs, staff costs, and the compliance costs of SCA, fraud detection systems (FDS), and incident response have all been deducted.</p><p>Since redemption into fiat currency cannot carry a fee as a rule, the bank also has to separate, in both its accounting and its operations, the transfer services it can charge for from the redemption process it must provide free of charge, and calculate profitability on that basis.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>2. The second decision: reserve management to match the issuer&#8217;s regulatory status</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png" width="1456" height="871" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:871,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eH2G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feeb81a6a-590f-4754-8757-ab04bd44cbfa_1760x1053.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank needs to confirm which rules apply to the issuing entity before deciding how to manage customer funds.</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-48-requirements-offer-public-or?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Article 48</a> of MiCA treats EMTs as electronic money, and the Electronic Money Directive applies wherever MiCA has no specific provision. The applicable rules nonetheless differ depending on whether the actual issuer is a bank or an EMI: a bank issuing directly remains under banking regulation, while an EMI must meet separate requirements for safeguarding customer funds. A bank preparing the business thus has to decide at the outset which entity will issue, under which license, and which entity will carry the redemption liability to customers.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png" width="1456" height="995" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:995,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OF9p!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49cccb88-f68d-4b9f-90af-29d48d859229_1760x1203.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank needs to decide where customer funds go and in what proportions, and calculate viability from actual yields and management costs.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-54-investment-funds-received?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Article 54</a> of MiCA, an EMI that issues EMTs must deposit at least 30% of the funds it receives from customers in separate accounts at other banks. The remaining funds may only be invested in secure, low-risk, highly liquid assets denominated in the same currency. The 30% deposit requirement does not apply when a bank issues directly.</p><p>A bank issuing through an EMI subsidiary needs an allocation strategy, worked out in advance, that accounts for the 30% liquidity deposit, the yield on the safe assets, and the cost of maintaining the accounts. Even in a country where regulation is not yet complete, a bank can use MiCA&#8217;s 30% segregated deposit requirement as a benchmark to run viability scenarios for each issuing structure ahead of time.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png" width="1456" height="893" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:893,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wkwT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b0883f1-85d9-415b-bfed-8df82c061fa2_1760x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Not every stablecoin faces the heaviest regulation, but costs need to be estimated stage by stage.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-56-classification-e-money-tokens">Article 56 of MiCA</a>, the European Banking Authority (EBA) designates a stablecoin as a significant EMT only when it meets several demanding criteria at the same time, including thresholds for the number of holders, market capitalization, and transaction volume. Not every token on the market is subject to the highest tier of regulation from the outset.</p><p>Of the 45 EMTs notified in the EU, USDC is the only one that has met these criteria and been designated a significant EMT. The other 44 are issued and circulate normally under the general framework. A bank entering the market does not need to budget from day one for the compliance costs that apply to the largest stablecoins.</p><p>The regulatory burden does change sharply at the moment of designation, however. For an EMI subsidiary in particular, Article 58 raises the reserve and own-funds requirements substantially and adds direct supervision by the EBA.</p><p>The bank&#8217;s profit-and-loss scenarios therefore need to be staged, separating the minimum cost of initial entry from the additional capital it would have to raise if growth later pushed its token into the significant EMT category.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png" width="1456" height="997" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:997,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zY0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce2cd344-f983-48eb-bb25-d1f975421cee_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>When choosing the issuing entity, a bank needs to account for the capital and risk management costs that follow designation as a significant EMT.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-58-specific-additional-obligations">Article 58</a> of MiCA, an EMI issuing a significant EMT must hold own funds equal to 3% of its average reserve assets, must regularly test whether it could pay out under a surge of redemption requests, and must have its reserve assets independently audited every six months.</p><p>The additional obligations in Article 58(1) do not apply to a bank issuing directly, which remains under the traditional banking supervisory framework. An EMI, by contrast, may be required by its supervisor to meet some of the enhanced requirements even before its token is designated significant. For a bank considering issuance through an EMI subsidiary, this means deciding who will raise the additional capital and when, and building the staff and costs of risk management, audits, and integration with external custodians into its business plan.</p><h3><strong>3. The third decision: design redemption procedures and customer communications together</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png" width="1456" height="934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:934,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gWhZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36a1c9da-854e-4467-b053-fd2c24d4f0c9_1760x1129.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank needs to prepare the redemption procedure and the customer guidance together, so that a customer who requests redemption actually gets the money back.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-49-issuance-and-redeemability-e?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Article 49</a> of MiCA, an EMT holder can demand redemption at par from the issuer at any time, separately from the option of selling the token on a CEX(Crypto-asset Exchange). The issuer must set out the redemption conditions clearly in the white paper and may not charge a redemption fee as a rule. The one exception is a liquidity fee charged in a crisis under the conditions and procedures laid down in the issuer&#8217;s recovery plan.</p><p>In practice, a bank needs to define the procedure and the responsible staff for every step, from the channel that receives a redemption request through customer verification and token retrieval to payment. The white paper, terms of service, and app screens also need to give consistent information on the issuer, the redemption channel, the payment method, processing times, and whom to contact in case of delay.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png" width="1456" height="894" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:894,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0_T4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a0f95f6-a566-49b2-9ce7-dda6b02726b4_1760x1081.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The white paper and service screens need to explain the product&#8217;s nature and the scope of protection consistently, so that customers do not mistake the stablecoin for a bank deposit.</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-56-classification-e-money-tokens">Article 51</a> of MiCA requires the white paper to describe the issuer, the structure of the token, and the rights, obligations, and risks of holders. In particular, it must carry an explicit warning that EMTs are not covered by deposit guarantee schemes or investor compensation schemes. The issuer must also notify the white paper to its competent authority at least 20 working days before publication, so the drafting and review period has to be built into the launch schedule.</p><p>Product names and marketing copy also need to be checked so that they do not give the impression of deposit-like protection. Whenever the redemption procedure or payment terms change, the white paper and customer communications have to be revised together, so that what customers were told continues to match how the service actually operates.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png" width="1456" height="863" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:863,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!huyv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60361073-6b18-46a5-9f6e-4d8b771aa69e_1760x1043.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank needs to decide who verifies and approves the white paper&#8217;s contents, and keep a record of the basis and review history for each statement.</strong></p><p>Under <a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-52-liability-issuers-e-money-tokens">Article 52</a> of MiCA, if a holder suffers a loss because the white paper is incomplete, unclear, or misleading, liability for damages falls not only on the issuer but also on the members of its management and supervisory bodies. This liability cannot be excluded or limited by contract or by terms and conditions.</p><p>A bank therefore needs an approval structure, set up in advance, that assigns responsibility for each section of the white paper and ensures its reliability: operations signs off on the redemption process, treasury on liquidity and reserve management, and legal on the entity carrying the redemption obligation and on legal risk. Each department&#8217;s review basis and approval records should be kept systematically, and an ongoing monitoring process should update the white paper&#8217;s wording whenever operating systems or contractual terms change.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png" width="1456" height="997" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:997,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6-OK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21704445-81c8-4fe1-8e0d-c87626e6df78_1760x1205.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A bank needs both a recovery plan for managing a crisis and a redemption plan for winding down the business.</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.esma.europa.eu/publications-and-data/interactive-single-rulebook/mica/article-55-recovery-and-redemption-plans">Article 55</a> of MiCA requires every EMT issuer to maintain both a recovery plan and a redemption plan.</p><p>The recovery plan sets out how the issuer would raise liquidity and restore normal operations in a crisis such as a run of large-scale redemption requests. The redemption plan, by contrast, covers the orderly wind-down: when the supervisor concludes that the issuer can no longer operate normally, or when the business has to be closed, the reserve assets are liquidated promptly and the remaining funds are returned to customers on an equitable basis.</p><p>This means a bank needs more than a recovery manual covering emergency funding routes and decision-making. It also needs a prepared wind-down scenario for the worst case: one that can identify each customer&#8217;s share in real time, liquidate and distribute the assets, and carry out the required disclosures to customers.</p><h3><strong>What banks can prepare now, regardless of regulation</strong></h3><p>The sections above used MiCA to set out what a bank needs for issuing stablecoins, managing the funds behind it, and handling redemption. MiCA gives countries that are still drafting their rules a clear reference point, but the actual business will have to follow whatever final law each country adopts. That does not mean a bank has to sit idle until its domestic legislation is settled: there are clearly defined areas where a bank can assess viability and prepare before the law takes effect.</p><p><strong>The first is a realistic comparison of costs and benefits against traditional finance.</strong></p><p>The concrete benefit to customers and to the bank from adopting stablecoins need to be verified in numbers. That means calculating the fee savings and the reduction in settlement time compared with traditional SWIFT-based cross-border transfers, and checking whether a real margin remains for the bank after system build and operating costs are deducted. This work gives the business its first outline, including which customer segments to target, such as B2B trade settlement or small-value cross-border remittances.</p><p><strong>The second is a feasibility review of the business model: solo issuance, joint issuance, or distribution.</strong></p><p>The business model should be chosen according to expected profitability. A bank can issue on its own, act as an infrastructure provider distributing tokens already in circulation, or join other banks in setting up a joint issuer. In Europe, a group of financial institutions is pursuing joint issuance of euro stablecoins through the Qivalis consortium, an arrangement that spreads the cost of building the infrastructure and the redemption framework while letting each bank concentrate on developing the services at its own customer interface.</p><p><strong>The third is validating real demand and securing the network early.</strong></p><p>Rather than waiting for the law to be finalized, a bank can identify the pain points of customers with frequent cross-border payments, such as importers, exporters, and fintech companies. It can demonstrate the time and cost stablecoins would save them, and open partnership discussions early with the local banks and payment providers abroad that it would need.</p><p>When regulation is finalized, banks will not be starting from the same position. A bank that has prepared carefully against a clearly established framework such as MiCA, and has already validated customer demand and business viability, can move straight to execution. A bank that waited for the final rules will only then be starting its review of business models.</p><p>A completed regulatory framework can open the business to every bank, but it cannot give back the time, or the early market position, that the banks which prepared first have already secured. Instead of waiting passively for domestic regulation to be completed, a bank is better served by using international frameworks such as MiCA as a reference now, to confirm customer demand, test business viability, and build the partner infrastructure it will need.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/2027-korea-crypto-tax-eng">73.7% of Korean Crypto Investors Oppose the Crypto Tax: What Concerns Them?</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/korea-institutional-crypto-2026-landscape-eng">Korea Institutional Crypto: 2026 Landscape</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-eng">The Era of Industry: Q3 2026 Crypto Industry Investment Report</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[암호화폐 마켓메이커, 가짜를 걸러내야 진짜가 남는다]]></title><description><![CDATA[Key takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2026 13:04:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/221738096/3e696ad20a40f92298381ab697f8daa7.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong>Key takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#48520;&#49888;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#49324;&#52845;&#54620; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333; &#50629;&#52404;&#50640;&#49436; &#48708;&#47215;&#46096;&#45796;. &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#51088;&#44201; &#50836;&#44148;&#51060; &#50630;&#50612; &#51060;&#47492;&#51060; &#47924;&#48516;&#48324;&#54616;&#44172; &#50416;&#50688;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#49828;&#54532;&#47112;&#46300;&#47484; &#51329;&#55176;&#44256; &#49345;&#49884; &#44144;&#47000; &#49345;&#45824;&#44032; &#46104;&#50612; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#45230;&#52632;&#45796;. &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#45716; &#46021;&#47549;&#46108; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640; &#47585;&#44200; &#49884;&#49464; &#44060;&#51077; &#51032;&#49900;&#51012; &#54588;&#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#51068;&#51012; &#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#51012; &#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#50630;&#44256; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752;&#51032; &#44228;&#50557;&#51008; &#44277;&#44060;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#47728; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46108; &#54872;&#44221;&#50640;&#49436; &#54876;&#46041;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163; &#51088;&#52404;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#54633;&#48277;&#51060;&#44256;, &#51228;&#46020; &#44277;&#48177;&#51008; &#44228;&#50557; &#51901;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#44592;&#48376;&#48277;&#51008; &#51060; &#54644;&#48277;&#51012; &#45812;&#51012; &#52395; &#44592;&#54924;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#48156;&#51032;&#50504;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#47585;&#44596; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#47585;&#44596; &#44228;&#50557;&#51008; &#49345;&#51109; &#54980; 6&#44060;&#50900;&#44620;&#51648;&#47564; &#51064;&#51221;&#54620;&#45796;. &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#51452;&#47196; &#49373;&#44592;&#45716; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#44228;&#50557;&#44620;&#51648; &#51228;&#46020; &#50504;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50668;&#50752;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#50780; &#8216;&#49464;&#47141;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#51064;&#49885;&#46096;&#45208;</strong></h2><p>&#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#44221;&#54744;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46972;&#47732; &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#51061;&#49689;&#54620; &#49345;&#54889;&#51060; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;. &#49345;&#51109; &#51649;&#54980; &#44553;&#46321;&#49464;&#47484; &#48372;&#51060;&#45912; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#44553;&#46973;&#54616;&#44256;, &#54413;&#48512;&#54616;&#45912; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51060; &#49692;&#49885;&#44036;&#50640; &#50630;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44032;&#44201; &#48320;&#46041;&#51032; &#48176;&#54980;&#47196; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088;(Market Maker, MM)&#47484; &#50584;&#44592;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#48512;&#51221;&#51201; &#51064;&#49885;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#48729;&#51088;&#54620; &#49884;&#49464; &#51312;&#51333; &#50629;&#52404;&#46308;&#50640; &#51032;&#54644;&#49436; &#48708;&#47215;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#50629;&#52404;&#46308;&#47196; &#51064;&#54644; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#49884;&#49464; &#51312;&#51333; &#49464;&#47141;&#51004;&#47196; &#44536; &#51032;&#48120;&#44032; &#48320;&#51656;&#46104;&#50632;&#44256;, &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#51060;&#47196; &#51064;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088; &#54588;&#54644;&#44032; &#45130;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#48120;&#44397; FBI&#45716; &#8216;&#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#54805; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#8217;&#51012; &#48268;&#51064; &#50629;&#52404;&#47484; &#44592;&#49548;&#54664;&#44256;, &#45824;&#54620;&#48124;&#44397;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51012; &#45236;&#49464;&#50892; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51012; &#51312;&#51089;&#54620; &#51068;&#45817;&#51060; &#49892;&#54805;&#51012; &#49440;&#44256;&#48155;&#50520;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51060;&#46308;&#51008; &#45824;&#44032;&#47484; &#48155;&#44256; &#47932;&#47049;&#51012; &#46496;&#45336;&#44592;&#45716; &#48520;&#48277; &#50629;&#52404;&#51068; &#49104;, &#48376;&#47000; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#49688;&#54665;&#54616;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#51088;&#44201; &#50836;&#44148;&#51060; &#50630;&#45796; &#48372;&#45768; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46972;&#45716; &#51060;&#47492;&#51060; &#47924;&#48516;&#48324;&#54616;&#44172; &#50416;&#50688;&#44256;, &#44208;&#44284;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50629;&#44228; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#47484; &#46504;&#50612;&#46888;&#47160;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#44057;&#51008; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333; &#54665;&#50948;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#47484; &#44656; &#49104;, &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#44277;&#44553;&#54644;&#50556; &#54624; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#51652;&#51676; &#50669;&#54624;&#44284;&#45716; &#47924;&#44288;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51060;&#50976;</strong></h2><p>&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#47588;&#46020;&#50752; &#47588;&#49688; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#54620; &#48264;&#50640; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#50668; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#44277;&#44553;&#54616;&#44256; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51652;&#54665;&#54616;&#44172; &#54616;&#45716; &#51452;&#50836; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#45796;. &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#50780; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620;&#51648; &#50526;&#49436; &#50669;&#54624;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#51221;&#47532;&#54624; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44397;&#45236;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#8216;&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#8217;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#8216;&#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51088;(Liquidity Provider, LP)&#8217;&#46972;&#45716; &#47568;&#51060; &#45328;&#47532; &#50416;&#51064;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45331;&#44172; &#48372;&#47732; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51008; &#53945;&#51221; &#51088;&#44201;&#51012; &#44032;&#51652; &#54924;&#49324;&#47564; &#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51593;&#49884; &#52404;&#44208;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#54840;&#44032;&#52285;&#50640; &#45224;&#50500; &#49345;&#45824;&#47484; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#45716; &#51452;&#47928;(&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#51452;&#47928;)&#51008; &#47784;&#46160; &#45796;&#47480; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#44144;&#47000; &#49345;&#45824;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612; &#51456;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#51452;&#47928;&#51012; &#45236;&#45716; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#45716; &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#45331;&#51008; &#51032;&#48120;&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51012; &#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#49480;&#51060;&#45796;. Jump Trading &#44057;&#51008; &#44256;&#48712;&#46020;&#47588;&#47588;(HFT) &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#47728; &#54840;&#44032;&#52285;&#51012; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#44163;&#46020; &#50668;&#44592;&#50640; &#49549;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44277;&#54637; &#54872;&#51204; &#52285;&#44396;&#44032; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#54872;&#51204;&#51012; &#48372;&#51109;&#54616;&#46319;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#51080;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#49324;&#47140;&#45716; &#49324;&#46988;&#44284; &#54036;&#47140;&#45716; &#49324;&#46988;&#51060; &#49436;&#47196;&#47484; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500;&#46020; &#46108;&#45796;. &#51060; &#54812;&#53469;&#51008; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#50752; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#47784;&#46160;&#50640;&#44172; &#46028;&#50500;&#44036;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.1. &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44032; &#50619;&#45716; &#44163;: &#44144;&#47000; &#48708;&#50857; &#44048;&#49548;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png" width="1456" height="1124" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1124,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KRk8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6686b3bc-ae7a-4f1e-be4d-be838fa4c0ff_1456x1124.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#49552;&#51061;&#51012; &#44032;&#47476;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47564;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50896;&#54616;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640; &#51593;&#49884; &#52404;&#44208;&#46104;&#45716;&#51648;, &#45824;&#44508;&#47784; &#44144;&#47000;&#50640;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#52636;&#47105;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#51648;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44036; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716;&#51648;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#8216;&#49704;&#51008; &#48708;&#50857;&#8217;&#51060; &#45908; &#51473;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51008; &#44208;&#44397; &#51060; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#51312;&#44148;&#51012; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#47588;&#49688;&#50752; &#47588;&#46020; &#50577;&#51901;&#50640; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#52504;&#52504;&#55176; &#44152;&#50612; &#46160;&#44256;, &#44144;&#47000; &#49345;&#45824;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;&#50640;&#46020; &#48152;&#45824;&#54200;&#50640; &#49436;&#47728;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#49324;&#51060;&#50640; &#48268;&#50612;&#51652; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#47582;&#52632;&#45796;. &#44536; &#44208;&#44284; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#45908; &#51201;&#51008; &#48708;&#50857;&#51004;&#47196;, &#50896;&#54624; &#46412;, &#48708;&#49847;&#54620; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#44144;&#47000; &#48708;&#50857; &#44048;&#49548;</strong>: &#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060;(&#49828;&#54532;&#47112;&#46300;) &#52629;&#49548;, &#53360; &#51452;&#47928;&#51032; &#52628;&#44032; &#48708;&#50857; &#44048;&#49548;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#50896;&#54624; &#46412; &#44144;&#47000;</strong>: &#49324;&#44256;&#54036; &#49345;&#45824;&#48169; &#49345;&#49884; &#54869;&#48372;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44036; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060; &#52629;&#49548;</strong>: &#50668;&#47084; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640; &#46041;&#49884; &#54840;&#44032;, &#52264;&#51061;&#44144;&#47000;&#47196; &#44032;&#44201; &#49688;&#47156;</p></li></ul><p>&#52395;&#51704;, &#44144;&#47000; &#48708;&#50857;&#51060; &#51460;&#50612;&#46304;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49324;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#44284; &#54028;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#51032; &#52264;&#51060;(&#49828;&#54532;&#47112;&#46300;)&#46020; &#48708;&#50857;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44552; &#48148;&#47196; &#49332; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; 1,010&#50896;&#51060;&#44256; &#48148;&#47196; &#54036; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; 990&#50896;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732;, &#49324;&#51088;&#47560;&#51088; &#46104;&#54036;&#44592;&#47564; &#54644;&#46020; 2%&#47484; &#51075;&#45716;&#45796;. &#51452;&#47928;&#51060; &#53356;&#47732; &#49552;&#54644;&#45716; &#45908; &#52964;&#51652;&#45796;. &#52395; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640; &#44152;&#47536; &#47932;&#47049;&#51012; &#45796; &#49324;&#44256; &#45208;&#47732; &#45796;&#51020; &#44032;&#44201;, &#44536;&#45796;&#51020; &#44032;&#44201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45336;&#50612;&#44032;&#47728; &#51216;&#51216; &#48708;&#49912;&#44172; &#49324;&#50556; &#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#52504;&#52504;&#55176; &#44152;&#50612; &#46160;&#47732; &#51060; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; &#51329;&#50500;&#51648;&#44256;, &#44032;&#44201;&#45824;&#47560;&#45796; &#44152;&#47536; &#47932;&#47049;&#46020; &#47566;&#50500;&#51652;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47564;&#53372; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#46412; &#48372;&#45716; &#49552;&#54644;&#44032; &#51460;&#50612;&#46304;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46168;&#51704;, &#50896;&#54624; &#46412; &#49324;&#44256;&#54036; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53804;&#51088;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50896;&#54616;&#45716; &#49692;&#44036;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#44032;&#44256; &#48736;&#51256;&#45208;&#50732; &#49688; &#51080;&#45712;&#45264;&#44032; &#51473;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#46904;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#51008; &#54036;&#44256; &#49910;&#50612;&#46020; &#49324; &#51460; &#49324;&#46988;&#51060; &#45208;&#53440;&#45216; &#46412;&#44620;&#51648; &#44592;&#45796;&#47140;&#50556; &#54616;&#44256;, &#44536; &#49324;&#51060; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#44228;&#49549; &#50880;&#51649;&#51064;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#54217;&#49345;&#49884; &#45720; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#44152;&#50612; &#46160;&#44256; &#44144;&#47000; &#49345;&#45824;&#44032; &#46104;&#50612; &#51456;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#45716; &#49324;&#46988;&#51060; &#44144;&#51032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49884;&#44036;&#50640;&#46020; &#54036;&#47140;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#48148;&#47196; &#48155;&#50500; &#51460; &#49345;&#45824;&#47484; &#52286;&#44256;, &#49324;&#47140;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#44592;&#45796;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#49332; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.2. &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#50619;&#45716; &#44163;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png" width="1456" height="783" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:783,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2oTk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa300e3de-166a-46a7-8718-3350b79306e7_1456x783.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50640;&#44172; &#49345;&#51109;&#51008; &#45149;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#49884;&#51089;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49345;&#51109; &#46244;&#50640;&#46020; &#53664;&#53360;&#51060; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#44144;&#47000;&#46076;&#50556; &#49324;&#50857;&#51088;&#50752; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44032; &#46300;&#45208;&#46308;&#44256;, &#53664;&#53360;&#46020; &#51228;&#44050;&#51012; &#51064;&#51221;&#48155;&#45716;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#45824;&#49888; &#50976;&#51648;&#54644; &#51456;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#46160; &#44032;&#51648;&#47484; &#50619;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>&#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#44144;&#47000;&#46104;&#44172;</strong>: &#51089;&#51008; &#51452;&#47928;&#50640;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#53356;&#44172; &#55124;&#46308;&#47532;&#45716; &#54788;&#49345; &#50756;&#54868;</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49884;&#49464; &#44060;&#51077; &#51032;&#49900; &#52264;&#45800;</strong>: &#54840;&#44032; &#44288;&#47532;&#45716; &#46021;&#47549;&#46108; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#47585;&#44256; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#47932;&#47049;&#47564; &#45824;&#50668;</p></li></ul><p>&#52395;&#51704;, &#53664;&#53360;&#51060; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#44144;&#47000;&#46104;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#50619;&#45716;&#45796;. &#49345;&#51109;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#51008; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#47588;&#51068; &#54217;&#44032;&#48155;&#45716;&#45796;. &#49324;&#50857;&#51088;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#50416;&#47140;&#44256; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#49324;&#44256;, &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51012; &#48372;&#44256; &#49324;&#44256;&#54032;&#45796;. &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#48512;&#45812; &#50630;&#51060; &#46300;&#45208;&#46308; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#53664;&#53360;&#51060; &#51228;&#44050;&#51012; &#51064;&#51221;&#48155;&#45716;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#46904;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#51008; &#51089;&#51008; &#51452;&#47928;&#50640;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#53356;&#44172; &#55124;&#46308;&#47532;&#44256;, &#51060;&#47088; &#48320;&#46041;&#51008; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#49457;&#44284;&#50752; &#49345;&#44288;&#50630;&#51060; &#48520;&#50504;&#51012; &#53412;&#50864;&#44256; &#54217;&#54032;&#51012; &#44622;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46168;&#51704;, &#49884;&#49464;&#50640; &#44060;&#51077;&#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#51032;&#49900;&#51012; &#54588;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#51088;&#44592; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#49324;&#44256;&#54036;&#47732; &#49884;&#49464;&#50640; &#49552;&#51012; &#45828;&#45796;&#45716; &#51032;&#49900;&#51012; &#48155;&#44592; &#49789;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#45716; &#46021;&#47549;&#46108; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640;&#44172; &#47585;&#44592;&#44256; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#47932;&#47049;&#47564; &#48716;&#47140;&#51456;&#45796;. &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#49884;&#49464; &#51312;&#51333;&#51012; &#47561;&#45716; &#51312;&#54637;&#46020; &#54632;&#44760; &#46308;&#50612;&#44036;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51221;&#47532;&#54616;&#51088;&#47732;, &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#48512;&#45812;&#54616;&#45716; &#47588;&#47588; &#48708;&#50857;&#51012; &#45824;&#54253; &#51460;&#51060;&#47732;&#49436; &#51201;&#49884;&#50640; &#47588;&#47588;&#47484; &#52404;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44256;, &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#50504;&#51221;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50976;&#53685;&#46104;&#45716; &#47588;&#47588; &#54872;&#44221;&#51012; &#51312;&#49457;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#49688;&#52712;&#54616;&#45716; &#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#52264;&#50529;&#51008; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51064; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#55148;&#47581;&#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#44032; &#48512;&#45812;&#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51333;&#51032; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#45824;&#44032;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49884;&#51109; &#45236; &#51088;&#50984; &#44221;&#51137;&#51012; &#44144;&#52432; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000; &#48708;&#50857;&#51060; &#51216;&#52264; &#51208;&#44048;&#46112; &#46412; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#44396;&#49457;&#50896; &#47784;&#46160;&#50640;&#44172; &#51060;&#51061;&#51060; &#46028;&#50500;&#44032;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>3. &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#45796;&#47480;&#44032;?</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png" width="1456" height="1147" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1147,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nnU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1763913a-2f34-4780-bed3-6827d9b2af6e_1456x1147.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51008; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#51032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50752; &#45796;&#47476;&#51648; &#50506;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564;, &#52264;&#51060;&#51216;&#51008; &#54876;&#46041;&#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#48143; &#44397;&#44032;&#51032; &#44508;&#50984;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51452;&#49885;&#49884;&#51109; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#44256; &#45796;&#46316;&#50612;&#51652; &#51228;&#46020; &#50500;&#47000;&#49436; &#51068;&#54620;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50752; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#183;&#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#49324;&#51060;&#51032; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#45796;&#47344; &#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#50500;&#51649; &#50630;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.1. &#45572;&#44032; &#54616;&#45716;&#44032;?: &#51204;&#53685;&#51008; &#51064;&#44032;&#48155;&#51008; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;, &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557; &#51088;&#44201; &#50836;&#44148; &#50630;&#51020;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png" width="1456" height="1083" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1083,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ooaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d8e5905-405a-4f18-9c14-19d01e6891a2_2048x1523.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#48277;&#51004;&#47196; &#46748;&#47159;&#54616;&#44172; &#51221;&#54644;&#51652; &#44277;&#49885;&#51201;&#51064; &#50669;&#54624;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49900;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#44284;&#54620; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#51221;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#44256;, &#50557;&#49549;&#54620; &#45824;&#47196; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#51228;&#52636;&#54616;&#45716; &#45824;&#49888; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47484; &#44622;&#50500;&#51452;&#45716; &#54812;&#53469;&#51012; &#48155;&#45716;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45716; &#45572;&#44032; &#50612;&#45712; &#51333;&#47785;&#51032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51064;&#51648; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#47728;, &#50612;&#46356;&#44620;&#51648;&#44032; &#8216;&#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#8217;&#51064;&#51648;&#46020; &#50724;&#47004; &#48277;&#44284; &#54032;&#47168;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060; &#51105;&#54784; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49345;&#54889;&#51060; &#51204;&#54784; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51008; &#46609;&#44057;&#51648;&#47564;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#44256; &#51032;&#47924;&#50752; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#51452;&#44256;&#48155;&#45716; &#8216;&#53952;&#8217;&#51060; &#49324;&#49892;&#49345; &#50630;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46160; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#52264;&#51060;&#45716; &#53356;&#44172; &#46160; &#44032;&#51648;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#52395;&#51704;, &#44228;&#50557;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#44508;&#52825;&#51032; &#48512;&#51116;&#45796;. &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51064;&#51648;, &#45572;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;, &#50612;&#46500; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51648;&#44256; &#50612;&#46500; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#48155;&#45716;&#51648;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#51221;&#54644;&#51652; &#53952;&#51060; &#50630;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#46168;&#51704;, &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109; &#53945;&#50976;&#51032; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#45040;&#52264;&#44144;&#45208;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#53076;&#51064; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#51649;&#51217; &#45224;&#47792;&#47000; &#48708;&#48128; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#45716; &#44592;&#54805;&#51201;&#51064; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#55124;&#54616;&#44172; &#45208;&#53440;&#45212;&#45796;. &#49324;&#53468;&#44032; &#51060;&#47084;&#45768; &#49464;&#44228; &#51452;&#50836; &#44552;&#50997; &#45817;&#44397;&#46308;&#46020; &#50756;&#51204;&#55176; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#51228;&#46020;&#47484; &#46749;&#46385; &#47564;&#46308;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716;, &#50864;&#49440; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#50868;&#50689;&#54616;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#44172; &#47561;&#44256; &#48708;&#48128; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#46972;&#44256; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#45716; &#46321; &#44553;&#54620; &#48520;&#51012; &#45124;&#45716; &#45936; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#45824;&#54620;&#48124;&#44397; &#49884;&#51109; &#50669;&#49884; &#44057;&#51008; &#49689;&#51228;&#47484; &#50504;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50628;&#44201;&#54616;&#44172; &#47561;&#44256; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51221;&#51089; &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#50732;&#48148;&#47480; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51064;&#51648; &#54032;&#45800;&#54624; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45208; &#44277;&#49885;&#51201;&#51064; &#51208;&#52264;&#44032; &#48708;&#50612; &#51080;&#45716; &#49345;&#53468;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#50724;&#54644;&#54616;&#51648; &#47568;&#50500;&#50556; &#54624; &#51216;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44508;&#52825;&#51060; &#48708;&#50612; &#51080;&#45716; &#44275;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45208; &#51613;&#44428;&#49324;&#50752; &#47610;&#45716; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#45796;. &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#51648;&#51216;&#46020; &#51060; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#44152;&#44256; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#45716; &#54665;&#50948; &#51088;&#52404;&#45716; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#50752; &#49345;&#44288;&#50630;&#51060; &#51060;&#48120; &#54633;&#48277;&#51201;&#51064; &#54876;&#46041;&#51060;&#45796;. EU MiCA&#46020; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#50640;&#45716; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47484; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256;, &#44256;&#44061;&#51012; &#49345;&#45824;&#47196; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54624; &#46412;&#47564; &#50836;&#44148;&#51012; &#46164;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.2. &#45572;&#44396;&#50752; &#50612;&#46500; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#45716;&#44032;?: &#51204;&#53685;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752;, &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png" width="1456" height="951" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:951,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fMt0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd003a71-850e-4e0c-a832-86ac740e2186_1456x951.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#53433;&#44284; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#45576;&#50640; &#46916;&#45716; &#52264;&#51060;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#50948;&#53441; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060; &#48372;&#54200;&#54868;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#51060; &#51473; &#8216;&#44228;&#50557; &#50630;&#45716; &#51088;&#44592;&#51088;&#48376;&#54805;&#8217;&#51008; &#49457;&#44201;&#51060; &#45796;&#47476;&#45796;. &#45572;&#44396;&#50752;&#46020; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#45824;&#44032;&#46020; &#48155;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#44592; &#51204;&#47029;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#44256;, &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51008; &#44536; &#44208;&#44284;&#47196; &#49373;&#44596;&#45796;. &#50526;&#49436; &#48376; &#45331;&#51008; &#51032;&#48120;&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#50640; &#54644;&#45817;&#54616;&#47728;, &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#50752; &#45823;&#45716; &#51648;&#51216;&#51060; &#50630;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#54633;&#48277;&#51201;&#51064; &#54876;&#46041;&#51060;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360; &#45824;&#50668;&#54805;&#46020; &#47588;&#47588; &#54032;&#45800;&#44284; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#51649;&#51217; &#51648;&#44256; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#44060;&#48324; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51648;&#49884;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#47732;, &#48376;&#51656;&#51008; &#51088;&#44592;&#51088;&#48376; &#47588;&#47588;&#50752; &#44057;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#49373;&#44592;&#45716; &#44275;&#51008; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#44228;&#50557; &#51473;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51004;&#47196; &#51116;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50629;&#44228; &#44288;&#44228;&#51088;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44228;&#50557;&#51008; &#51088;&#44552; &#52636;&#52376;&#45208; &#50948;&#54744; &#48512;&#45812; &#51452;&#52404; &#46321;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#51452;&#46020; &#44228;&#50557;&#44284; &#52264;&#51060;&#47484; &#48372;&#51060;&#47728;, &#49828;&#54532;&#47112;&#46300; &#49444;&#51221;&#48512;&#53552; &#49345;&#51109; &#48143; &#46973;&#50629; &#54644;&#51228; &#49884;&#51216;&#51032; &#45824;&#51025; &#51204;&#47029;&#44620;&#51648; &#44305;&#48276;&#50948;&#54616;&#44172; &#45796;&#47340;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049; &#52285;&#52636;&#51012; &#51452;&#50836; &#49457;&#44284; &#51648;&#54364;&#47196; &#49340;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557; &#44396;&#51312;&#45716; &#51088;&#51204;&#44144;&#47000; &#46321; &#44032;&#51109;&#47588;&#47588;&#47484; &#50976;&#48156;&#54624; &#50948;&#54744;&#51060; &#45458;&#44256;, &#44228;&#50557; &#45236;&#50857;&#51060; &#50808;&#48512;&#50640; &#51204;&#54784; &#44277;&#44060;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060; &#51452;&#50836; &#54620;&#44228;&#47196; &#44861;&#55180;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.3. &#50612;&#46500; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#45716;&#44032;: &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#51008; &#45800;&#51068; &#49884;&#51109;, &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#45716; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46108; &#49884;&#51109;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png" width="1456" height="1059" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1059,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zfHy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84c0db6b-b469-4062-b355-fa58a1babb6b_2048x1490.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51452;&#49885;&#51008; &#51221;&#54644;&#51652; &#49884;&#44036;&#50640; &#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#46104;&#44256;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#52397;&#49328;&#49548;&#44032; &#44032;&#44201; &#44553;&#48320;&#44284; &#44208;&#51228; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#47561;&#50500; &#51456;&#45796;. &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#45716; 24&#49884;&#44036; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#47196; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46076; &#51080;&#44256;, &#51060; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#47561;&#50500; &#51460; &#51109;&#52824;&#46020; &#50630;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#54028;&#54200;&#54868;&#46108; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640;&#44172; &#50948;&#54744; &#50836;&#51064;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47676;&#51200;, 24&#49884;&#44036; &#50672;&#51473;&#47924;&#55092;&#47196; &#46028;&#50500;&#44032;&#45716; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228; &#49688;&#47566;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#47196; &#51900;&#44060;&#51256; &#51080;&#50612; &#51110;&#51008; &#44032;&#44201; &#48520;&#44512;&#54805;&#51012; &#45235;&#45716;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#50668;&#47084; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#55145;&#50612;&#46160;&#44256; &#51060;&#47484; &#48148;&#47196;&#51105;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51077;&#52636;&#44552; &#52264;&#45800; &#46321; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356; &#51109;&#50528;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#47732; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#51221; &#44592;&#45733;&#51008; &#49692;&#49885;&#44036;&#50640; &#47560;&#48708;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#48169;&#50612;(&#54756;&#51648;)&#54624; &#49688;&#45800;&#51060; &#44537;&#55176; &#51228;&#54620;&#51201;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51216;&#46020; &#47928;&#51228;&#45796;. &#49436;&#53431;&#48652;&#47112;&#51060;&#52964; &#44057;&#51008; &#50504;&#51204;&#51109;&#52824;&#44032; &#50630;&#44256; &#44256;&#48176;&#50984; &#49440;&#47932; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#45212;&#47924;&#54616;&#45716; &#53459;&#50640;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#54788;&#47932;&#44284; &#48152;&#45824;&#46104;&#45716; &#49440;&#47932; &#54252;&#51648;&#49496;&#51012; &#51105;&#50500; &#44032;&#44201; &#48320;&#46041;&#50640; &#45824;&#48708;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>2025&#45380; 10&#50900; &#54616;&#47336; 190&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#44508;&#47784;&#51032; &#50672;&#49604; &#52397;&#49328; &#49324;&#53468; &#46412; &#46300;&#47084;&#45228;&#46319;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#51032; &#51088;&#46041; &#48512;&#52292; &#44048;&#52629;(ADL) &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060; &#51089;&#46041;&#54616;&#47732; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#54756;&#51648; &#54252;&#51648;&#49496;&#47560;&#51200; &#44053;&#51228;&#47196; &#51333;&#47308;&#46104;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060; &#48268;&#50612;&#51652;&#45796;. &#52572;&#49548;&#54620;&#51032; &#48169;&#50612;&#47561;&#47560;&#51200; &#51075;&#51008; &#51060;&#46308;&#51060; &#45796;&#44553;&#55176; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#44144;&#46160;&#50612;&#46308;&#51060;&#47732;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#52649;&#44201;&#44284; &#54844;&#46976;&#51008; &#44151;&#51105;&#51012; &#49688; &#50630;&#51060; &#52964;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><p>&#47924;&#50631;&#48372;&#45796; &#44540;&#48376;&#51201;&#51064; &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#51473;&#50521;&#52397;&#49328;&#49548;(CCP)&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#44208;&#51228; &#44396;&#51312;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#50752; &#44208;&#51228;&#47484; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#52404;&#44228;&#50752; &#45804;&#47532;, &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#44033; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640; &#51649;&#51217; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50696;&#52824;&#54620; &#52292; &#44144;&#47000;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51060; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; 2022&#45380; FTX &#54028;&#49328;&#52376;&#47100; &#50696;&#52824;&#54644; &#46164; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#47924;&#45320;&#51648;&#47732;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#54620; &#54396;&#46020; &#44148;&#51648;&#51648; &#47803;&#54616;&#44256; &#51204;&#50529; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#46496;&#50504;&#45716; &#52824;&#47749;&#51201;&#51064; &#50948;&#44592;&#50640; &#51649;&#47732;&#54616;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>4. &#54788;&#51116; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#45796;&#49455; &#44032;&#51648; &#54620;&#44228;&#51216;</strong></h2><p>&#50896;&#54876;&#54620; &#51088;&#49328; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#50948;&#54644; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#50669;&#54624;&#51008; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#47924;&#48516;&#48324;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457; &#54665;&#50948;&#47484; &#48169;&#52824;&#54616;&#47732; &#46020;&#47532;&#50612; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#50504;&#51221;&#49457;&#51060; &#53356;&#44172; &#55036;&#49552;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44552;&#51008; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#50504;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#47928;&#51228;&#47484; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#51652;&#45800;&#54616;&#44256;, &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#54644;&#48277;&#51012; &#52286;&#50500;&#50556; &#54624; &#46412;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#49332;&#54196;&#48380; &#45796;&#49455; &#44032;&#51648; &#54620;&#44228;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46972;&#45716; &#44592;&#45733; &#51088;&#52404;&#51032; &#44208;&#54632;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#44284; &#48520;&#48277;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51012; &#44032;&#47140;&#45244; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45208; &#44048;&#49884; &#52404;&#44228;&#44032; &#50630;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; &#48268;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#54788;&#51116; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#45824;&#47196; &#46108; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#49464;&#50892;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png" width="1456" height="1123" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1123,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ay8z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd936aaf5-1fa5-452f-8c25-d49672d503b0_2048x1580.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>4.1. &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532;&#44032; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51004;&#47196; &#50724;&#54644;&#48155;&#45716;&#45796;</strong></h3><p>&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#54665;&#50948;&#45716; &#50808;&#48512; &#49884;&#49440;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109; &#44368;&#46976;&#51060;&#45208; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51004;&#47196; &#50724;&#54644;&#48155;&#44592; &#49789;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629; &#44288;&#44228;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#50724;&#54644;&#47484; &#49324;&#44592; &#49772;&#50868; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51064; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#54665;&#50948;&#47196; &#45796;&#51020; &#45348; &#44032;&#51648;&#47484; &#51228;&#49884;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WGVf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcdf66a32-69d3-4e18-abd2-09f7caf674e6_2048x1366.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#51221;&#49345;&#51064;&#51648; &#51221;&#54644; &#46160;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#47732; &#51060;&#47088; &#50724;&#54644;&#45716; &#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#44054;&#52656;&#51652; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#49373;&#44596;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45824;&#54364;&#51201; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#54620;&#44397; &#51452;&#49885;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060;&#45796;. 2021&#45380; &#44552;&#50997;&#44048;&#46021;&#50896;&#51060; 9&#44060; &#51613;&#44428;&#49324; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088;&#51032; &#51110;&#51008; &#54840;&#44032; &#51221;&#51221;&#183;&#52712;&#49548;&#47484; &#49884;&#51109;&#51656;&#49436; &#44368;&#46976;&#54665;&#50948;&#47196; &#54032;&#45800;&#54644; 487&#50613; &#50896;&#51032; &#44284;&#51669;&#44552;&#51012; &#53685;&#51648;&#54616;&#51088; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51060; &#51593;&#49884; &#51473;&#45800;&#46096;&#45796;. &#50557; 1&#45380; &#46244;&#51064; 2022&#45380; 7&#50900;, &#51613;&#44428;&#49440;&#47932;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#45716; &#51032;&#47924; &#51060;&#54665;&#44284; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#51221;&#51221;&#183;&#52712;&#49548;&#44032; &#48520;&#44032;&#54588;&#54616;&#44256;, &#51221;&#51221;&#183;&#52712;&#49548;&#50984;(95.68~99.55%) &#50669;&#49884; &#45684;&#50837;&#51613;&#44428;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548;(&#50557; 94.6%)&#50752; &#50976;&#49324;&#54616;&#47728; &#49324;&#51204; &#44592;&#51456;&#46020; &#50630;&#50632;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51012; &#46308;&#50612; &#47924;&#54800;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#51012; &#45236;&#47160;&#45796;. &#48520;&#48277;&#51008; &#50500;&#45768;&#50632;&#51004;&#45208;, &#44208;&#47200;&#51060; &#45208;&#50724;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; 1&#45380;&#44036; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#50630;&#51060; &#50868;&#50689;&#46096;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060; &#50630;&#50612; &#46041;&#51068;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#46160;&#44256; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#44284; &#49884;&#49464; &#51312;&#51333;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51452;&#51109;&#51060; &#48277;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436; &#45824;&#47549;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51312;&#52264; &#44144;&#47000;&#51032; &#50948;&#48277; &#50668;&#48512;&#47484; &#50696;&#52769;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#50612; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#51060;&#53448;&#54616;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54644;&#44208;&#52293;&#51008; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201; &#54665;&#50948;&#51032; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#54869;&#47549;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#45800;&#49692; &#52712;&#49548; &#48712;&#46020;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#52404;&#44208; &#51032;&#49324; &#50976;&#47924;&#47484; &#54032;&#45800; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#49340;&#50500;&#50556; &#54616;&#47728;, &#51060;&#45716; 2010&#45380; &#54540;&#47000;&#49884; &#53356;&#47000;&#49884; &#45817;&#49884; &#48120;&#44397;&#51060; &#44537;&#45800;&#51201; &#44032;&#44201;&#51032; &#54840;&#44032;&#47564; &#44552;&#51648;&#54664;&#45912; &#48169;&#49885;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54620;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#44228;&#50557; &#48143; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#44508;&#51221; &#51456;&#49688;, &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744; &#44048;&#49548;, &#50577;&#48169;&#54693; &#54840;&#44032;&#50640; &#44592;&#48152;&#54620; &#47785;&#51201;&#49457; &#50668;&#48512; &#46321;&#51012; &#54645;&#49900; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#48376;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#51221;&#54620; &#44228;&#50557;&#44284; &#45236;&#48512; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#44508;&#51221; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#54665;&#46096;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#44536; &#54665;&#50948;&#47196; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51060; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#51460;&#50632;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#54620;&#51901;&#51004;&#47196; &#45132;&#44256; &#44032;&#47140;&#45716; &#47785;&#51201; &#50630;&#51060; &#50577;&#48169;&#54693; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#47364;&#51276;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li></ul><p>&#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44553;&#48320;&#54624; &#46412; &#54788;&#47932;&#51012; &#54036;&#47732;&#49436; &#44057;&#51008; &#49688;&#47049;&#51032; &#49440;&#47932;&#51012; &#49344;&#45796;&#47732;, &#44169;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#47588;&#46020; &#44277;&#49464;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#50668;&#46020; &#51204;&#52404; &#54252;&#51648;&#49496;&#51032; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#49345;&#49604;&#54616;&#45716; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#54756;&#51648;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#54756;&#51648; &#50630;&#51060; &#54788;&#47932;&#51012; &#45824;&#47049;&#51004;&#47196; &#54036;&#47732;&#49436; &#50501;&#51116;&#49457; &#49548;&#47928;&#51012; &#54140;&#46888;&#47532;&#45716; &#54665;&#50948;&#45716; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532;&#47196; &#48372;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47088; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#44048;&#46021;&#45817;&#44397;&#44284; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#48120;&#47532; &#44277;&#54364;&#54616;&#47732;, &#51221;&#49345; &#44277;&#44553;&#51088;&#45716; &#48277;&#51201; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#49457; &#50630;&#51060; &#51068;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44256; &#48520;&#48277; &#54665;&#50948;&#45716; &#45908; &#48516;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44152;&#47084;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44592;&#51456;&#51060; &#50630;&#51012; &#46412; &#49373;&#44592;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#51221;&#49345; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#51032;&#49900;&#48155;&#45716; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#45149;&#45208;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#48152;&#45824;&#47196; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#54665;&#49464;&#47484; &#54616;&#44592;&#46020; &#49772;&#50892;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.2. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#44036;&#54032;&#51012; &#45800; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049; &#51312;&#51089; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#49438;&#51064;&#45796;</strong></h3><p>&#50526;&#49436; &#45796;&#47340; &#44163;&#51060; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#51032;&#49900;&#48155;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#46972;&#47732;, &#48152;&#45824;&#47196; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47196; &#54665;&#49464;&#54616;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#46020; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#8216;&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#51096;&#47803;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196; &#44592;&#50613;&#54616;&#45716; &#49324;&#44148; &#49345;&#45817;&#49688;&#45716; &#51060; &#51060;&#47492;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140; &#51204;&#54784; &#45796;&#47480; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#54620; &#44221;&#50864;&#45796;.</p><p>Gotbit&#51060; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#48120;&#44397; &#44160;&#52272;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; Gotbit&#51008; 2018~2024&#45380; &#50668;&#47084; &#44228;&#51221;&#45180;&#47532; &#49324;&#44256;&#54036;&#44592;&#47484; &#48152;&#48373;&#54616;&#45716; &#54532;&#47196;&#44536;&#47016;&#51004;&#47196; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51012; &#48512;&#54400;&#47532;&#45716; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#54036;&#50520;&#45796;. &#47785;&#51201;&#51008; &#44256;&#44061; &#53664;&#53360;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#52897; &#49692;&#50948;&#47484; &#45132;&#50612;&#50732;&#47532;&#44256; &#45824;&#54805; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640; &#49345;&#51109;&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;. &#52285;&#50629;&#51088;&#45716; &#50976;&#51396;&#47484; &#51064;&#51221;&#54644; &#51669;&#50669; 8&#44060;&#50900;&#51012; &#49440;&#44256;&#48155;&#50520;&#44256;, &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#50557; 2,300&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;&#50612;&#52824; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#51012; &#47792;&#49688;&#45817;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54788;&#50629; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#51060;&#46308;&#51032; &#49324;&#50629; &#47784;&#45944;&#51060; &#50528;&#52488;&#50640; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#44032;&#51676; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;&#44256; &#51674;&#50632;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#47564; &#48372;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#51060;&#47088; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#50724;&#55176;&#47140; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#45236;&#45716; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#54217;&#44032;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#47196; &#48148;&#45012;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51008; &#51088;&#51204;&#44144;&#47000;&#47196; &#50620;&#47560;&#46304;&#51648; &#48512;&#54400;&#47540; &#49688; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51012; &#44208;&#44284;&#47196;&#47564; &#52280;&#44256;&#54616;&#44256;, &#45824;&#49888; &#45796;&#51020;&#51012; &#48376;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#54788;&#51116; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640;&#49436; 1~2% &#50504;&#50640; &#44152;&#47536; &#51452;&#47928;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#46160;&#44732;&#50868;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#51068;&#51221; &#44552;&#50529;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#46412; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#48128;&#47532;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#44152;&#50612; &#46164; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#46104;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li></ul><p>&#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51060; &#50500;&#47924;&#47532; &#54413;&#48512;&#54644; &#48372;&#51060;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; &#54840;&#44032;&#52285;&#51060; &#50567;&#50500; &#49324;&#49548;&#54620; &#51452;&#47928;&#50640; &#49884;&#49464;&#44032; &#53356;&#44172; &#55124;&#46308;&#47536;&#45796;&#47732; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51060; &#48512;&#51116;&#54620; &#49345;&#53468;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#54645;&#49900;&#51201;&#51064; &#54032;&#44032;&#47492; &#44592;&#51456;&#51008; &#50808;&#48512; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#44032; &#55148;&#47581; &#49688;&#47049;&#51012; &#51201;&#51221; &#49884;&#49464;&#50640; &#50896;&#54876;&#55176; &#52404;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45712;&#45264;&#50640; &#45804;&#47140; &#51080;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#48156;&#54665; &#51452;&#52404;&#44032; &#51060; &#44057;&#51008; &#48376;&#51656;&#51201; &#54217;&#44032; &#50836;&#49548;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088;&#47484; &#50628;&#49440;&#54624; &#46412;, &#48520;&#48277; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#47564;&#51012; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#54728;&#50948; &#50629;&#52404;&#46308;&#51008; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#51216;&#52264; &#53748;&#52636;&#46112; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46321;&#47197;&#51060;&#45208; &#51064;&#44032;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#183;&#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#44256; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46972;&#45716; &#51060;&#47492;&#51004;&#47196; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#54028;&#45716; &#50629;&#52404;&#50640; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#47732; &#46108;&#45796;. Gotbit&#52376;&#47100; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50640;&#44172; &#46024;&#51012; &#48155;&#44256; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#54032; &#50629;&#52404;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640; &#50836;&#44148;&#51012; &#46160;&#47732; &#52376;&#51020;&#48512;&#53552; &#44152;&#47084;&#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#45716; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#44620;&#51648; &#51064;&#44032;&#47196; &#47926;&#51012; &#54596;&#50836;&#45716; &#50630;&#45796;. 3&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#48376; &#45824;&#47196; EU MiCA&#46020; &#44057;&#51008; &#48169;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#44256;&#44061; &#45824;&#49345; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#50640;&#47564; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47484; &#50836;&#44396;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.3. &#44228;&#50557; &#51452;&#52404;&#44032; &#44032;&#47140;&#51652; &#44592;&#54805;&#51201;&#51064; &#51060;&#54644;&#44288;&#44228;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png" width="1456" height="896" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:896,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FAV3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f60f88b-3d15-4fd8-bc24-77710cb72479_2048x1260.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#50669;&#47049; &#51080;&#45716; &#50629;&#52404;&#47484; &#49440;&#51221;&#54616;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020;, &#45572;&#44032; &#45572;&#44396;&#50752; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#50632;&#45716;&#51648; &#44536; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#48520;&#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#47732; &#52824;&#47749;&#51201;&#51064; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54620;&#45796;. &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#44036;&#51032; &#44228;&#50557; &#51452;&#52404;&#44032; &#47749;&#54869;&#55176; &#46300;&#47084;&#45208;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#44221;&#50864;&#44032; &#47566;&#45796;. &#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44144;&#47000;&#51032; &#49345;&#45824;&#48169;&#51060; &#52384;&#51200;&#55176; &#48288;&#51068;&#50640; &#49912;&#50668; &#51080;&#45796; &#48372;&#45768;, &#54620; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000; &#50577;&#51901;&#51032; &#45824;&#47532;&#51064;&#51012; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#47585;&#45716; &#46321; &#49345;&#49885; &#48150;&#51032; &#44592;&#54805;&#51201;&#51064; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#51648;&#44592;&#46020; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>MOVE &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#44536;&#47111;&#45796;. Movement &#51116;&#45800;&#51008; Web3Port&#51032; &#51088;&#54924;&#49324;&#47484; &#51088;&#52376;&#54620; &#51473;&#44060;&#50629;&#52404; Rentech&#50640; &#44277;&#44553;&#47049;&#51032; 5%&#51064; 6,600&#47564; &#44060; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#45336;&#44592;&#44256; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51012; &#47585;&#44220;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47088;&#45936; Rentech&#51008; &#44228;&#50557;&#49436;&#50640; &#54620; &#48264;&#51008; &#51116;&#45800;&#51032; &#45824;&#47532;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196;, &#54620; &#48264;&#51008; Web3Port &#52769; &#45824;&#47532;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#47492;&#51012; &#50732;&#47536; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#46300;&#47084;&#45228;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000; &#50577;&#51901;&#50640; &#44057;&#51008; &#50629;&#52404;&#44032; &#49436; &#51080;&#50632;&#45912; &#49480;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#47932;&#47049;&#51008; 2024&#45380; 12&#50900; &#49345;&#51109; &#51649;&#54980; &#47588;&#49688; &#54840;&#44032;&#44032; &#44144;&#51032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49345;&#53468;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#50143;&#50500;&#51276;&#45796;. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#45716; &#54644;&#45817; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#53748;&#52636;&#54616;&#44256; &#49688;&#51061; 3,800&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#46041;&#44208;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53076;&#51064;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#45716; &#51060;&#54980; MOVE &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51473;&#45800;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51116;&#45800;&#51008; &#51060; &#47588;&#46020;&#44032; &#51088;&#49888;&#46308;&#51032; &#46041;&#51032; &#50630;&#51060; &#51060;&#47364;&#51276;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47492;&#51008; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#51068;&#50612;&#45212; &#51068;&#51008; &#50577;&#48169;&#54693; &#54840;&#44032;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#47932;&#47049;&#51032; &#51068;&#48169;&#51201;&#51064; &#52376;&#48516;&#51060;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#50732;&#48148;&#47480; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900;&#51008; &#44277;&#51221;&#54620; &#44228;&#50557; &#51312;&#44148;&#44284; &#53804;&#47749;&#54620; &#44228;&#50557; &#44288;&#44228;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50864;&#49440; &#45236;&#50857;&#51201;&#51064; &#47732;&#48512;&#53552; &#48372;&#51088;. &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54876;&#46041;&#54616;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46308;&#51032; &#44228;&#50557;&#50640;&#45716; &#54869;&#44256;&#54620; &#46160; &#44032;&#51648; &#50896;&#52825;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#51658;&#50612;&#51648;&#44256;, &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#45716; &#49884;&#49464;&#50640; &#44288;&#50668;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#53664;&#53360; &#45824;&#50668; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#45824;&#50668;&#48155;&#51008; &#53664;&#53360;&#44284; &#51088;&#52404; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#50577;&#48169;&#54693; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51060;&#54980; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060; &#51333;&#47308;&#46104;&#47732; &#46041;&#51068;&#54620; &#49688;&#47049;&#51012; &#48152;&#54872;&#54624; &#49104;, &#44536;&#46041;&#50504; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#50612;&#45712; &#48169;&#54693;&#51004;&#47196; &#51060;&#45132;&#50612; &#45804;&#46972;&#45716; &#51648;&#49884;&#45716; &#51204;&#54784; &#48155;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47484; &#50948;&#54644; &#44228;&#50557;&#49436;&#50640;&#45716; &#45796;&#51020; &#49324;&#54637;&#46308;&#51060; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#44036;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#51088;&#51204;&#44144;&#47000; &#44552;&#51648;</p></li><li><p>&#53945;&#51221; &#48169;&#54693;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#49464;&#47484; &#45132;&#44256; &#44032;&#45716; &#54665;&#50948; &#44552;&#51648;</p></li><li><p>&#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060;&#51032; &#49345;&#54620;</p></li><li><p>&#52572;&#49548; &#54840;&#44032; &#47932;&#47049;</p></li></ul><p>&#53084;&#50741;&#49496; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060;&#46972;&#46020; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#51068;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#51221;&#54616;&#44256;, &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#44032; &#50741;&#49496; &#51312;&#44148;&#47564; &#51221;&#54624; &#49104; &#44060;&#48324; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51648;&#49884;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;&#47732; &#44057;&#51008; &#50896;&#52825;&#51060; &#51648;&#53020;&#51652;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#51020;&#51008; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#48372;&#51060;&#44172; &#54616;&#45716; &#51068;&#51060;&#45796;. &#52572;&#49548;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44048;&#46021;&#45817;&#44397;&#51008; &#50612;&#46500; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#50612;&#46500; &#47932;&#47049;&#44284; &#51312;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#50752; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;, &#51473;&#44060;&#51064;&#51060; &#50577;&#51901;&#51012; &#46041;&#49884;&#50640; &#45824;&#47532;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#51648; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;&#44032; 2026&#45380; 3&#50900;&#48512;&#53552; &#49345;&#51109; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50640; &#50836;&#44396;&#54616;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#48148;&#47196; &#51060;&#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#45208;&#50500;&#44032; &#51452;&#49885;&#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#51333;&#47785;&#48324; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088;&#47484; &#44277;&#44060;&#54616;&#46319;, &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46020; &#50612;&#46500; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#46308;&#50612;&#50752; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#50508; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.4. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#54620; &#51648;&#48533; &#50500;&#47000; &#51080;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png" width="1456" height="853" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:853,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xlCL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02247a97-55e2-4136-88db-6d743707d478_2048x1200.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#51032; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#46972;&#47732; &#51060;&#54644;&#49345;&#52649;&#51008; &#45908; &#52964;&#51652;&#45796;. &#54620; &#54924;&#49324;&#44032; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;, &#49688;&#53441;, &#51088;&#44592;&#47588;&#47588;&#47484; &#54632;&#44760; &#50868;&#50689;&#54616;&#47732; &#44228;&#50676; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#45796;&#47480; &#51060;&#50857;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#50630;&#45716; &#53945;&#54812;&#47484; &#48155;&#44592; &#49789;&#45796;.</p><p>FTX&#50752; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#44032; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#45716; FTX&#51032; &#51452;&#50836; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47196; &#54876;&#46041;&#54616;&#47728; &#45796;&#47480; &#51060;&#50857;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#50630;&#45716; &#49888;&#50857; &#54620;&#46020;&#50752; &#53945;&#54812;&#47484; &#48155;&#50520;&#45796;. &#48120;&#44397; &#45817;&#44397;&#51008; FTX &#44256;&#44061; &#50696;&#52824;&#44552;&#51060; &#50508;&#46972;&#47700;&#45796;&#47196; &#55128;&#47084;&#44032; &#53804;&#51088;&#50752; &#49552;&#49892;&#51012; &#47700;&#50864;&#45716; &#45936; &#50416;&#50688;&#45796;&#44256; &#54032;&#45800;&#54664;&#45796;. &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; 2022&#45380;&#50640; &#54632;&#44760; &#54028;&#49328;&#54664;&#45796;. &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46972;&#45716; &#51648;&#50948; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#50632;&#45796;. &#44536; &#51648;&#50948;&#50640; &#46392;&#47536; &#49888;&#50857;&#44284; &#51116;&#47049;&#51060; &#50500;&#47924;&#47088; &#44048;&#49884; &#50630;&#51060; &#44256;&#44061; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50976;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#50416;&#50688;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#54644;&#48277;&#51008; &#44228;&#50676; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#47924;&#51312;&#44148; &#47561;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#51312;&#51649;&#51012; &#48516;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#44048;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44397;&#51228;&#51613;&#44428;&#44288;&#47532;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924;(IOSCO)&#44032; 2023&#45380; &#44428;&#44256;&#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51060; &#51060;&#54644;&#49345;&#52649;&#51012; &#54645;&#49900; &#44284;&#51228;&#47196; &#44861;&#51008; &#46244;, &#54861;&#53097;&#51060; &#51060;&#47484; &#51228;&#46020;&#47196; &#50734;&#44220;&#45796;. &#54861;&#53097; &#51613;&#44428;&#49440;&#47932;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924;(SFC)&#45716; 2026&#45380; 2&#50900; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#51032; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#51312;&#44148;&#51012; &#45804;&#50520;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457; &#51312;&#51649;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44592;&#45733;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48516;&#47532;&#54624; &#44163;</p></li><li><p>&#46168; &#49324;&#51060;&#51032; &#50868;&#50689; &#44221;&#44228;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#46168; &#44163;</p></li><li><p>&#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#44592; &#51204;&#50640; &#46021;&#47549; &#51204;&#47928;&#44592;&#44288;&#51032; &#51216;&#44160; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#47484; &#45817;&#44397;&#50640; &#45244; &#44163;</p></li></ul><p>&#53945;&#54812;&#50752; &#51221;&#48372; &#44277;&#50976;&#44032; &#49373;&#44592;&#51648; &#50506;&#46020;&#47197; &#49440;&#51012; &#44555;&#44256; &#44048;&#49884;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44397;&#45236; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#45208; &#44288;&#44228;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#54616;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;&#47732; &#44057;&#51008; &#50896;&#52825;&#51012; &#52376;&#51020;&#48512;&#53552; &#51201;&#50857;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.5. &#51032;&#47924;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#50948;&#44592; &#46412; &#47676;&#51200; &#48736;&#51652;&#45796;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png" width="1456" height="723" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:723,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VWm6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d02c2aa-d4da-4848-aa4b-b524e5ff338f_2048x1017.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51060;&#51204; 4&#44032;&#51648; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#51068;&#49345;&#51201; &#49345;&#54889;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#46972;&#47732;, &#47560;&#51648;&#47561; &#54637;&#47785;&#51008; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44537;&#45800;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#46973;&#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#46300;&#47084;&#45208;&#45716; &#47928;&#51228;&#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45824;&#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#54616;&#46973; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#51648;&#53020;&#50556; &#54616;&#45716; &#44053;&#51228; &#51032;&#47924;&#44032; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#49552;&#49892;&#51060; &#45572;&#51201;&#46112; &#44221;&#50864; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#54924;&#49688;&#54616;&#45716; &#54032;&#45800;&#51060; &#51060;&#49457;&#51201; &#45824;&#51025;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54616;&#47728;, &#51060;&#47196; &#51064;&#54644; &#51452;&#47928; &#44277;&#48177;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54644; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44553;&#44201;&#55176; &#48533;&#44340;&#46108;&#45796;. &#50526;&#49436; &#49332;&#54592; 2025&#45380; 10&#50900; 10&#51068; &#49324;&#53468;&#44032; &#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49884; &#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#44032; 40~70% &#44553;&#46973;&#54664;&#45716;&#45936;, &#54788;&#50629; &#44288;&#44228;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#54840;&#44032; &#52384;&#54924;&#44032; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201; &#48176;&#44221;&#51060; &#46104;&#50632;&#45796;&#44256; &#54217;&#44032;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50948;&#44592; &#49345;&#54889; &#49549; &#51060;&#53448;&#51012; &#48169;&#51648;&#54616;&#47140;&#47732; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#51060;&#54665; &#51032;&#47924;&#50752; &#51201;&#51208;&#54620; &#51064;&#49468;&#54000;&#48652; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#46041;&#48152;&#46104;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#44053;&#51228; &#44508;&#48276;&#51012; &#46384;&#47476;&#45716; &#51452;&#52404;&#46308;&#51008; &#50948;&#44592; &#49549;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#51204;&#54784; &#45796;&#47480; &#47784;&#49845;&#51012; &#48372;&#50688;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629; &#44288;&#44228;&#51088; &#51064;&#53552;&#48624;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#50501;&#51116;&#47196; &#44553;&#46973;&#54664;&#45912; &#53945;&#51221; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#51032; &#44221;&#50864;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#49828;&#54532;&#47112;&#46300;&#47484; &#54620;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45331;&#55176;&#47732;&#49436;&#46020; &#54840;&#44032; &#48176;&#52824;&#47484; &#50976;&#51648;&#54644; &#44144;&#47000; &#45800;&#51208;&#51012; &#48169;&#51648;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#52264;&#51060;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557; &#44396;&#51312;&#49345;&#51032; &#51032;&#47924; &#51456;&#49688;&#50752; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532; &#51648;&#52840;&#50640;&#49436; &#48708;&#47215;&#46096;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51204;&#53685; &#51452;&#49885;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#51109;&#52824;&#47484; &#51228;&#46020;&#54868;&#54664;&#45796;. &#54620;&#44397;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#45824;&#49345; &#51333;&#47785;&#48324;&#47196; &#51068;&#51068; 80%, &#48516;&#44592; 90% &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#54840;&#44032; &#51228;&#52636; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#48512;&#50668;&#54616;&#47728;, &#51060;&#47484; &#51456;&#49688;&#54620; &#51452;&#52404;&#50640;&#44172;&#47564; &#51064;&#49468;&#54000;&#48652;&#47484; &#51648;&#44553;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51032;&#47924; &#48120;&#51060;&#54665; &#49884; &#48268;&#51216;&#51060; &#48512;&#44284;&#46104;&#44256;, &#51068;&#51221; &#49688;&#51456;&#51012; &#52488;&#44284;&#54616;&#47732; &#50948;&#53441; &#44228;&#50557; &#54644;&#51648;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; 1&#45380;&#44036; &#51088;&#44201;&#51060; &#48149;&#53448;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51648;&#53040;&#45716;&#51648; &#51116;&#45716; &#51107;&#45824;&#46020; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;. &#54788;&#50629; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#52649;&#44201; &#46244;&#51032; &#54924;&#48373;&#51012; &#44032;&#44201; &#48152;&#46321;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#44144;&#47000; &#44592;&#45733;&#51060; &#46028;&#50500;&#50772;&#45716;&#51648;&#47196; &#54032;&#45800;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#48268;&#50612;&#51652; &#47588;&#49688;&#183;&#47588;&#46020; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; &#45796;&#49884; &#51329;&#50500;&#51648;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#48736;&#51276;&#45912; &#54840;&#44032; &#47932;&#47049;&#51060; &#45796;&#49884; &#52292;&#50892;&#51648;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#49324;&#51060;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; &#49688;&#47156;&#54616;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li><li><p>&#51221;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#46028;&#50500;&#50724;&#44592;&#44620;&#51648; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#44152;&#47532;&#45716;&#44032;</p></li></ul><p>&#51060; &#51648;&#54364;&#47484; &#51032;&#47924; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#49340;&#44256; &#44536;&#47564;&#53372; &#48372;&#49345;&#54616;&#47732;, &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#50948;&#44592; &#46412; &#46496;&#45216; &#51060;&#50976;&#48372;&#45796; &#45224;&#51012; &#51060;&#50976;&#47484; &#45908; &#44054;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>5. &#45800;&#49549;&#51032; &#45824;&#49345;&#50640;&#49436; &#44288;&#47532;&#51032; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196;</strong></h2><p>&#44397;&#45236;&#50640;&#49436; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#48520;&#49888;&#51008; &#44540;&#44144; &#50630;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; 4&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#48376; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100; &#44536; &#44540;&#44144;&#47484; &#46384;&#46972;&#44032; &#48372;&#47732; &#47928;&#51228;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#46972;&#45716; &#44592;&#45733;&#50640; &#51080;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#51088;&#52376;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44256;, &#47924;&#50631;&#51060; &#51221;&#49345;&#51064;&#51648; &#50500;&#47924;&#46020; &#51221;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#44396;&#51312;&#50688;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44397;&#45236; &#48277;&#51008; &#50500;&#51649; &#51060; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#46160;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#44277;&#48177;&#51060; &#50612;&#46356;&#50640; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#51674;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#47728; &#54840;&#44032;&#47484; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#54876;&#46041;&#51008; &#51648;&#44552;&#46020; &#54633;&#48277;&#51060;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140; &#50868;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#44221;&#50864;&#46020; &#47560;&#52268;&#44032;&#51648;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47088; &#54876;&#46041;&#46020; &#45796;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#47588;&#47588;&#52376;&#47100; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#50640; &#54644;&#45817;&#54616;&#47732; &#52376;&#48268;&#48155;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51088;&#44592;&#51088;&#48376; &#47588;&#47588;&#46972;&#45716; &#51060;&#50976;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#46104;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#54924;&#49353; &#51648;&#45824;&#45716; &#44536; &#48148;&#44645;, &#44228;&#50557; &#51901;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>&#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#51012; &#53685;&#47196;&#44032; &#50630;&#45796;. &#54788;&#54665; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#51060;&#50857;&#51088; &#48372;&#54840;&#48277;&#51008; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51012; &#44552;&#51648;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457; &#50696;&#50808;&#47484; &#46160;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47000;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50752; &#54840;&#44032; &#51032;&#47924; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#51004;&#47732;, &#44536; &#44228;&#50557;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47588;&#47588;&#44032; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51004;&#47196; &#45796;&#47364;&#51656; &#50948;&#54744;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>&#44228;&#50557;&#54805; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#45208; &#46321;&#47197; &#51228;&#46020;&#44032; &#50630;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#48277;&#51064;&#51060; &#44397;&#45236; &#50896;&#54868; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640;&#49436; &#44228;&#51340;&#47484; &#50676;&#44256; &#47588;&#47588;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#44208;&#44397; &#44397;&#45236;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#46020; &#48150;&#50640; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553; &#54876;&#46041; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#51060;&#47484; &#44277;&#49885; &#44228;&#50557;&#51004;&#47196; &#47585;&#44592;&#44256; &#44288;&#47532;&#54616;&#45716; &#53685;&#47196;&#45796;. &#44228;&#50557;&#54805; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#45716; &#51228;&#46020; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#44288;&#47532;&#48155;&#51012; &#44600;&#51060; &#50630;&#44256;, &#49324;&#54980; &#45800;&#49549;&#47564; &#45224;&#50500; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51452;&#50836;&#44397;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#55120;&#47492;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#51228;&#46020;&#47484; &#51221;&#48708;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#48520;&#44277;&#51221;&#44144;&#47000; &#44508;&#50984;&#51008; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#49688;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#45132;&#50612;&#50732;&#47532;&#44256;, &#44536; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#44032; &#51068;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#53952;&#51012; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>EU</strong>: MiCA&#47484; &#51204;&#47732; &#49884;&#54665;&#54620; 2024&#45380; 12&#50900; 30&#51068;&#48512;&#53552; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#51012; &#44552;&#51648;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51008; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828; &#45824;&#49345;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#45716; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#45716; &#51648;&#51216;&#50640; &#48537;&#45716;&#45796;. &#53412;&#47197;&#44284; &#54540;&#47196;&#50864;&#45936;&#49828;&#53356; &#44057;&#51008; &#45824;&#54805; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; 2026&#45380; 6&#50900; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47484; &#48155;&#51008; &#44163;&#46020; &#44256;&#44061; &#45824;&#49345; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#50948;&#54644;&#49436;&#50688;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#54861;&#53097;</strong>: &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51060; &#48512;&#51313;&#54616;&#45796;&#44256; &#48372;&#44256;, 2026&#45380; 2&#50900; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676;&#49324;&#51032; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54664;&#45796;. &#45824;&#49888; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457; &#51312;&#51649;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#48516;&#47532;&#54616;&#46020;&#47197; &#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51068;&#48376;</strong>: 2026&#45380; 7&#50900; &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224;&#47484; &#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408;&#44144;&#47000;&#48277;&#51004;&#47196; &#44508;&#50984;&#54616;&#45716; &#44060;&#51221;&#50504;&#51012; &#53685;&#44284;&#49884;&#53412;&#47732;&#49436; &#45236;&#48512;&#51088;&#44144;&#47000; &#44552;&#51648;&#47484; &#49352;&#47196; &#45347;&#50632;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#48708;&#47197; &#51452;&#50836;&#44397;&#46308;&#51060; &#52636;&#48156;&#54620; &#51648;&#51216;&#51008; &#49345;&#51060;&#54616;&#45208; &#47749;&#54869;&#55176; &#46041;&#51068;&#54620; &#51648;&#54693;&#51216;&#51012; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#48520;&#44277;&#51221; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333; &#54665;&#50948;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#44428; &#49688;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#50628;&#51221;&#55176; &#44508;&#51228;&#54616;&#46104;, &#44148;&#51204;&#54620; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553; &#51452;&#52404;&#45716; &#51228;&#46020;&#44428; &#53580;&#46160;&#47532; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#51221;&#45817;&#54616;&#44172; &#51064;&#51221;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44397;&#45236; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51648;&#54693;&#54644;&#50556; &#54624; &#44284;&#51228; &#50669;&#49884; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44512;&#54805;&#51216;&#51032; &#47784;&#49353;&#50640; &#51080;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#47924;&#51312;&#44148;&#51201;&#51064; &#48520;&#49888;&#51060;&#45208; &#47609;&#47785;&#51201;&#51064; &#50745;&#54840; &#47784;&#46160; &#48148;&#46988;&#51649;&#54620; &#54644;&#48277;&#51060; &#46112; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;. &#50526;&#49436; &#50616;&#44553;&#54620; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#54620;&#44228;&#51216;&#46308;&#51012; &#44060;&#49440;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#50836;&#44396;&#46104;&#45716; &#51228;&#46020;&#51201; &#51221;&#48708; &#48169;&#54693;&#51008; &#50500;&#47000;&#50752; &#44057;&#51060; &#51221;&#47532;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><ol><li><p><strong>&#51221;&#49345;&#44284; &#51068;&#53448;&#51012; &#44032;&#47476;&#45716; &#44592;&#51456;&#51012; &#48277;&#50640; &#45812;&#45716;&#45796;.</strong> &#50629;&#44228;&#44032; &#51060;&#48120; &#50416;&#45716; &#44592;&#51456;&#50640;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54616;&#47732; &#46108;&#45796;. &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#44032;&#44201; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#51649;&#51217; &#51648;&#45716;&#51648;, &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#54620;&#51901;&#51004;&#47196; &#48128;&#47140;&#45716; &#47785;&#51201;&#51060; &#50630;&#45716;&#51648;, &#50808;&#48512; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44032; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#49324;&#44256;&#54036; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45716;&#51648;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51456;&#51060; &#48120;&#47532; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#51221;&#49345;&#51201;&#51064; &#50948;&#54744; &#44288;&#47532;&#44032; &#49884;&#49464; &#51312;&#51333;&#51004;&#47196; &#50724;&#54644;&#48155;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#45716; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#51032; &#51088;&#44201;&#51012; &#51221;&#54620;&#45796;. </strong>&#46321;&#47197;&#183;&#51064;&#44032; &#50836;&#44148;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45208; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#47610;&#44256; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51648;&#45716; &#51648;&#51216;&#50640; &#46164;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#47732; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964; &#44036;&#54032;&#51012; &#45236;&#44148; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049; &#51312;&#51089; &#50629;&#52404;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557; &#45800;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#44152;&#47084;&#51648;&#44256;, &#51088;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#45331;&#51008; &#51032;&#48120;&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44277;&#44553;&#51008; &#51648;&#44552;&#52376;&#47100; &#50676;&#47140; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#48372;&#51060;&#44172; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong> &#50612;&#46500; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#50612;&#46500; &#47932;&#47049;&#44284; &#51312;&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#46308;&#50612;&#50752; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648; &#52572;&#49548;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44048;&#46021;&#45817;&#44397;&#51008; &#50508; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46020; &#50612;&#46500; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#46308;&#50612;&#50752; &#51080;&#45716;&#51648;&#45716; &#50508; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51060;&#54644;&#49345;&#52649;&#51012; &#47561;&#45716;&#45796;.</strong> &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#44536;&#47353; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#54620;&#45796;&#47732;, &#54861;&#53097;&#52376;&#47100; &#51312;&#51649;&#51012; &#48516;&#47532;&#54616;&#44256; &#50808;&#48512; &#51216;&#44160;&#51012; &#48155;&#44172; &#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51032;&#47924;&#50752; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#54632;&#44760; &#51456;&#45796;.</strong> &#54620;&#44397;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51088; &#51228;&#46020;&#52376;&#47100; &#54840;&#44032; &#50976;&#51648; &#51032;&#47924;&#47484; &#51648;&#50864;&#44256; &#44536;&#50640; &#47582;&#45716; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#51452;&#47732;, &#50948;&#44592; &#46412; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#44032; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#45224;&#51012; &#51060;&#50976;&#44032; &#49373;&#44596;&#45796;.</p></li></ol><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#48148;&#47196; &#51648;&#44552;&#51060; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#48277;&#51201;&#183;&#51228;&#46020;&#51201; &#53952;&#51012; &#50732;&#48148;&#47476;&#44172; &#49464;&#50892;&#50556; &#54624; &#51201;&#44592;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p>2025&#45380; 6&#50900; &#48156;&#51032;&#46108; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328;&#44592;&#48376;&#48277;&#50504;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#50948;&#53441;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109;&#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#49884;&#49464;&#51312;&#51333;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#50808;&#54616;&#45716; &#51312;&#54637;&#51012; &#45812;&#50520;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>2026&#45380; 9&#50900;&#50640;&#45716; &#44552;&#50997;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924; &#45812;&#45817; &#44397;&#51109;&#51060; &#44277;&#44060; &#49437;&#49345;&#50640;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457; &#51228;&#46020;&#51032; &#46020;&#51077; &#54596;&#50836;&#49457;&#51012; &#44160;&#53664;&#54616;&#44192;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#44552;&#50997;&#50948;&#50896;&#51109;&#51008; 2026&#45380; 10&#50900; &#44397;&#51221;&#44048;&#49324;&#50640;&#49436; &#48277;&#50504; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#48120; &#51456;&#48708;&#54644; &#47561;&#48148;&#51648; &#54801;&#51032; &#51473;&#51060;&#46972;&#44256; &#45813;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51221;&#48512;&#45716; &#50672;&#45236; &#51228;&#51221;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#51060;&#51228; &#45224;&#51008; &#51656;&#47928;&#51008; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#47484; &#54728;&#50857;&#54624;&#51648; &#50668;&#48512;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#50612;&#46500; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#54728;&#50857;&#54624;&#51648;&#45796;. &#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#45459;&#52824;&#47732; &#50504; &#46104;&#45716; &#51648;&#51216;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51648;&#44552; &#44277;&#44060;&#46108; &#48277;&#50504;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#50948;&#53441;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#49457;&#51012; &#51473;&#49900;&#51004;&#47196; &#54620; &#51452;&#49885;&#49884;&#51109; &#47784;&#45944;&#51060;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#50526;&#49436; &#48376; &#47928;&#51228;&#51032; &#49345;&#45817;&#49688;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#44032; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324;&#50752; &#47610;&#51008; &#44228;&#50557;&#50640;&#49436; &#45208;&#50772;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#49324; &#44228;&#50557;&#51012; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#45796;&#47344;&#51648;&#44032; &#48736;&#51648;&#47732;, &#51228;&#46020; &#48150;&#51032; &#44032;&#51109; &#53360; &#49324;&#44033;&#51648;&#45824;&#44032; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#45224;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48277;&#51064;&#49884;&#51109; &#44060;&#48169;&#46020; &#51060; &#51077;&#48277;&#44284; 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&#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Crypto Market Makers: What Makes Market Making Legitimate?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Key takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ekko an]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2026 13:03:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/221738575/9e6fd5b1a7d0bde5559f6d73c1375c1e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/crypto-market-makers-what-makes-market-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Distrust of market makers stems from price manipulation firms that presented themselves as market makers. Because there were no clear qualification requirements, the name was used freely.</p></li><li><p>Legitimate market makers lower investors&#8217; trading costs by narrowing spreads and standing ready as a counterparty at all times. Projects hand this work to independent market makers to avoid suspicion that they are intervening in their own token&#8217;s price.</p></li><li><p>Crypto market makers do the same work as their counterparts in traditional finance, but they operate in a fragmented market where there is no framework for formal contracts with CEXs and where contracts with token issuers are not disclosed. Trading with one&#8217;s own capital is already legal; the regulatory gap lies in the contracts.</p></li><li><p>The Digital Asset Basic Act is the first opportunity to put this solution into law. The bill as proposed allows market making commissioned by a CEX, but recognizes contracts commissioned by token issuers only for the first six months after listing. Issuer contracts, where most of the problems arise, also need to be brought within the framework.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. Why Market Makers Came to Be Seen as Manipulators</strong></h2><p>Anyone who has traded in the crypto market will recognize a familiar pattern: a token&#8217;s price surges right after listing, then collapses, and the heavy trading volume disappears almost overnight. Crypto investors often point to market makers (MMs) as the force behind these swings.</p><p>This negative perception originated with price manipulation firms operating under the market maker label. Because of these firms, the term &#8220;market maker&#8221; in the crypto market came to mean a manipulation group, and investor losses from their activity have continued in markets worldwide.</p><p>In the US, the FBI charged firms that offered &#8220;manipulation as a service,&#8221; and in Korea, a group that inflated trading volume under the pretext of providing liquidity received prison sentences. These were illegal operators that offloaded token supply for a fee, however, not market makers performing the function the term describes.</p><p>Because there were no clear qualification requirements, the &#8220;market maker&#8221; name was used indiscriminately, and the credibility of the entire industry suffered as a result.</p><p>Manipulation of this kind damages trust in the market and has nothing to do with the actual role of a market maker, which is to supply liquidity.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. Why Markets Need Market Makers</strong></h2><p>A market maker is a key market participant that supplies liquidity and keeps trading going by quoting buy and sell prices at the same time. To understand why market makers are needed, it helps to first set out what they do. In Korea, the term &#8220;liquidity provider (LP)&#8221; is also widely used alongside &#8220;market maker.&#8221;</p><p>In a broad sense, supplying liquidity is not limited to firms with a particular qualification. Any order that does not execute immediately and instead rests on the order book waiting for a counterparty, known as a maker order, gives other investors someone to trade with.</p><p>Anyone who places maker orders is therefore providing liquidity in the broad sense. High-frequency trading (HFT) firms such as Jump Trading, which fill order books by trading with their own capital, fall into this category.</p><p>Just as an airport currency exchange counter guarantees that travelers can exchange money at any time, a market with market makers allows buyers and sellers to trade without waiting for each other. Both investors and token issuers benefit.</p><h3><strong>2.1. What Investors Gain: Lower Trading Costs</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png" width="1456" height="1124" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1124,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K1u-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2f3d7b9-9c49-4193-a0b3-6b504e5b0840_1456x1124.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Fees are not the only factor that determines an investor&#8217;s actual profit or loss. &#8220;Hidden costs&#8221; matter more: whether an order executes immediately at the desired price, whether large trades move the price, and whether prices differ across CEXs.</p><p>The work of a market maker comes down to meeting these three conditions. It places dense quotes on both the buy and sell sides, takes the other side of a trade when no other counterparty is present, and closes price gaps between CEXs. Investors can then trade at lower cost, when they want, and at similar prices across venues.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Lower trading costs</strong>: narrower gap between buy and sell prices (the spread) and lower additional cost for large orders</p></li><li><p><strong>Trading on demand</strong>: a counterparty available at all times</p></li><li><p><strong>Smaller price gaps across CEXs</strong>: simultaneous quotes on multiple CEXs, with arbitrage bringing prices together</p></li></ul><p><strong>First, trading costs fall.</strong></p><p>The gap between the buying price and the selling price, the spread, is itself a cost. If the price at which an investor can buy right now is KRW 1,010 and the price at which they can sell right now is KRW 990, buying and immediately selling loses 2%.</p><p>The loss grows with order size, because once the volume available at the best price is used up, the order moves to the next price level and then the one after, buying at progressively higher prices. When a market maker places dense quotes, the spread narrows and more volume sits at each price level, which reduces the loss an investor takes on each trade.</p><p><strong>Second, investors can buy and sell when they want.</strong></p><p>In investing, being able to enter and exit a position at the moment of one&#8217;s choosing matters. With a thinly traded token, a seller has to wait until a buyer appears, and the price keeps moving in the meantime.</p><p>A market maker keeps quotes on the book during normal conditions and acts as a counterparty. As a result, even when few people are trading, a seller can find someone to take the order immediately, and a buyer can buy without waiting.</p><h3><strong>2.2. What Token Issuers Gain</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png" width="1456" height="783" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:783,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MajQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ef9b07c-eac6-4f84-a4f2-bcc48406226d_1456x783.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>For a token issuer, listing is the beginning rather than the end. A token needs to keep trading after listing so that users and investors can come and go and the token can be valued fairly. A market maker maintains this market on the issuer&#8217;s behalf, and the issuer gains two things through it.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Consistent trading</strong>: less sharp price movement in response to small orders</p></li><li><p><strong>No suspicion of price intervention</strong>: an independent market maker manages quotes, and the token issuer only lends tokens</p></li></ul><p>First, the issuer gets a market in which its token trades consistently. A listed token is valued by the market every day. Users buy the token to use the service, and investors buy and sell it based on its prospects.</p><p>The token can be valued fairly only if these participants can enter and exit without difficulty. In a thinly traded token, even small orders move the price sharply, and this volatility increases uncertainty and damages the issuer&#8217;s reputation regardless of its actual performance.</p><p>Second, the issuer avoids suspicion of intervening in the price. When a token issuer buys and sells its own token directly, it easily draws suspicion that it is moving the price. Trading is therefore left to an independent market maker, and the issuer only lends out tokens. A legitimate contract also includes provisions that prohibit price manipulation.</p><p>In short, investors can execute trades when they need to while paying much less in trading costs, and token issuers can establish a trading environment in which their asset circulates steadily. The difference between the buy and sell prices that a market maker earns is effectively a fee for service paid by market participants who want to trade immediately.</p><p>As competition in the market gradually brings these costs down, the benefits extend to all participants.</p><h2><strong>3. How Crypto Market Makers Differ</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png" width="1456" height="1013" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1013,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfr-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4816c32d-4c93-4793-a5fa-f2ef5455653b_1760x1225.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>What a crypto market maker does is no different from what a market maker in traditional finance does. The difference lies in the market where it operates and in the rules of the country that governs it. A stock market maker signs a formal contract with the exchange and works under an established regulatory framework.</p><p>In the crypto market, by contrast, there is not yet a framework governing contracts between market makers and CEXs or token issuers.</p><h3><strong>3.1. Who Can Act: Licensed Institutions vs. No Contract Requirements</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png" width="1456" height="906" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:906,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nAdC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb556cd22-8314-4f2e-a4c0-f0917da35042_1760x1095.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In traditional finance, market making is a formal role clearly defined by law. Financial institutions that pass a review sign a formal contract with the exchange and, in return for submitting quotes as agreed, receive fee discounts.</p><p>The exchange publicly discloses which firm makes markets in which stocks, and long-standing law and case precedent have set clear standards for what counts as &#8220;legitimate market making.&#8221;</p><p>The crypto market is in a very different position. Market makers do the same work, but there is effectively no framework under which a market maker signs a formal contract with a CEX and exchanges obligations for compensation.</p><p>The two markets differ in two decisive ways.</p><ul><li><p>The first is the absence of rules on contracts. There is no set framework for what counts as legitimate market making, who can become a market maker under contract with a CEX, or what obligations it bears and what compensation it receives.</p></li><li><p>The second is structural risk specific to the crypto market. Distorted arrangements are common, such as CEXs taking on the market maker role themselves or market makers signing undisclosed contracts directly with token issuers. Given these conditions, major financial regulators have focused on immediate problems rather than building an entirely new framework, for example by barring CEXs from also operating market makers and requiring that undisclosed contracts be made public.</p></li></ul><p>The Korean market faces the same problem. CEXs are strictly prohibited from acting as market makers themselves, yet there are still no standards or formal procedures for judging what counts as legitimate market making.</p><p>One point should not be misunderstood. The gap in the rules concerns the formal contracts that market makers sign with CEXs or securities firms, and these contracts are also where a license is required. Placing quotes and trading with one&#8217;s own capital is already a legal activity, regardless of licensing. The EU&#8217;s MiCA likewise does not require a license for market making on a CEX with one&#8217;s own capital and applies requirements only when services are provided to clients.</p><h3><strong>3.2. Who Signs the Contract: Exchanges vs. CEXs and Token Issuers</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png" width="1456" height="770" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:770,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yvm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c130b-7751-4395-98bd-c9a8c90af8a7_1760x931.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>The most visible difference between crypto market making and traditional finance is that commissioned contracts with token issuers are widespread.</strong></p><p>Among these, the &#8220;proprietary trading model without a contract&#8221; is different in nature. The market maker signs no contract with anyone and receives no compensation. It trades with its own capital according to its own strategy, and liquidity arises as a result.</p><p>This corresponds to the broad sense of liquidity provision described earlier and is an already legal activity with no point of contact with licensing. The token loan model is also essentially the same as proprietary trading if the market maker makes its own trading decisions and bears the price risk, and the issuer does not direct individual trades.</p><p>Problems arise among issuer contracts that measure performance by trading volume. According to industry participants, these contracts differ from CEX-led contracts in matters such as the source of funds and who bears the risk, and they cover a wide range of terms, from spread settings to strategies around listing and token unlock dates.</p><p>Contract structures that use volume generation as the main performance metric, however, carry a high risk of inducing wash trading and other fictitious trades, and the fact that their terms are never disclosed is seen as a major limitation.</p><h3><strong>3.3. Where Trading Happens: A Single Market vs. Fragmented Markets</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png" width="1456" height="1053" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1053,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mJ9f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c621caa-78d5-4d37-94fd-8046e0a7e385_1456x1053.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Stocks trade on one exchange during set hours, and the exchange and clearing house protect against sudden price moves and settlement risk. Crypto trades around the clock on CEXs around the world, and there are no mechanisms to provide that protection. Supplying liquidity across these fragmented markets is a source of risk for market makers.</p><p>First, the crypto market runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and is split across many CEXs worldwide, which frequently produces price imbalances. Market makers spread their assets across multiple CEXs to correct these imbalances, but when a network disruption such as a deposit or withdrawal suspension occurs, this function stops almost immediately.</p><p>Second, the tools available to hedge risk are very limited. Because there are no safeguards such as circuit breakers and high-leverage futures trading is widespread, market makers protect against price moves by taking futures positions that offset their spot holdings.</p><p>As the liquidation cascade of roughly $19 billion in a single day in October 2025 showed, when a CEX&#8217;s auto-deleveraging (ADL) system is triggered, even a market maker&#8217;s legitimate hedge positions can be forcibly closed. Having lost even this minimal protection, market makers pulled their quotes in haste, and the shock and disorder in the market grew sharply.</p><p>The most fundamental problem is a settlement structure without a central counterparty (CCP). Unlike the traditional financial system, in which trades and settlement are guaranteed, crypto market makers must deposit assets directly with each CEX in order to trade. As a result, when a CEX holding those deposits collapses, as FTX did in 2022, a market maker can lose its entire deposit with no recovery.</p><h2><strong>4. Five Limitations of the Market Maker Industry Today</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png" width="1456" height="906" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:906,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GF0s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F357dd6d6-fc93-4856-bf02-e9efdcc1abfe_1760x1095.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The market maker role is essential for smooth trading. Left unchecked, however, indiscriminate market making activity can seriously damage market stability. It is time to diagnose the structural problems of the crypto market accurately and find practical solutions.</p><p>The five limitations examined in the following sections are not flaws in the market making function itself. They arise because there are no clear standards or surveillance systems to distinguish legitimate liquidity provision from illegal price manipulation. Crypto market making today needs proper standards to be established in the market.</p><h3><strong>4.1. Normal Risk Management Is Mistaken for Manipulation</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png" width="1456" height="970" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:970,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-zWY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2c5d01c-dcc1-4bd7-8b17-1f830bbee431_1456x970.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>To outside observers, a market maker&#8217;s normal risk management can easily look like market disruption or price manipulation. Industry practitioners identified four risk management practices that are most often misunderstood.</p><p>Without a definition of what is normal, these misunderstandings occur even in markets with established regulation.</p><p>The Korean stock market is a representative case. In 2021, the Financial Supervisory Service judged frequent quote modifications and cancellations by market makers at nine securities firms to be market disruption and notified them of KRW 48.7 billion (about $35 million) in fines, and market making stopped immediately.</p><p>About a year later, in July 2022, Korea&#8217;s Securities and Futures Commission cleared the firms, finding that modifications and cancellations were unavoidable for meeting obligations and managing risk, that their modification and cancellation rates (95.68% to 99.55%) were similar to those on the New York Stock Exchange (about 94.6%), and that no standards had been set in advance. The activity was not illegal, but the market operated without market makers for a year until that conclusion was reached.</p><p>In the crypto market, the lack of clear standards means that the same trades are argued in court to be liquidity provision by one side and price manipulation by the other. Even legitimate market makers cannot predict whether their trades will be found unlawful, and some leave the market as a result.</p><p>The solution is to establish standards for legitimate activity in advance. The test should be whether there was an intention to trade, not simply how often orders were cancelled. This matches the approach the US took after the 2010 Flash Crash, when it banned only quotes at extreme prices. Practitioners also treat the following as the key criteria: compliance with contracts and risk management rules, an actual reduction in price risk, and whether the activity was based on two-sided quotes without a directional aim.</p><ul><li><p>Was the activity carried out within a pre-agreed contract and internal risk management rules?</p></li><li><p>Did the activity actually reduce the market maker&#8217;s price risk?</p></li><li><p>Was it based on two-sided quotes, without the aim of pushing the price in one direction?</p></li></ul><p>For example, if a market maker sells spot and buys the same quantity of futures during a sudden market move, it may look like aggressive selling from the outside, but it is a normal hedge that offsets the risk of the overall position.</p><p>Selling large amounts of spot without a hedge while spreading negative rumors, on the other hand, is difficult to describe as risk management. If regulators and CEXs publish these standards in advance, legitimate liquidity providers can operate without legal uncertainty, and illegal activity can be identified more clearly.</p><p><strong>The problem created by the absence of standards does not end with legitimate firms falling under suspicion. It also makes it easier for firms that are not market makers to pose as market makers.</strong></p><h3><strong>4.2. Volume Manipulators Operate Under the Market Maker Label</strong></h3><p>The previous section dealt with legitimate market makers falling under suspicion. The opposite problem also exists: firms that are not market makers presenting themselves as such. Many of the incidents the market remembers as &#8220;market maker misconduct&#8221; involved firms that borrowed the name to run an entirely different business.</p><p>Gotbit is a representative example. According to US prosecutors, from 2018 to 2024 Gotbit sold a service that inflated trading volume using software that repeatedly bought and sold between multiple accounts. The aim was to raise client tokens in crypto market cap rankings and get them listed on major CEXs. The founder pleaded guilty and was sentenced to eight months in prison, and the company forfeited about $23 million in crypto assets.</p><p>Practicing market makers noted that the business model of such firms was to create fake volume without taking on any price risk. In a market that looks only at volume, these firms can even appear to be performing well.</p><p>The standard for evaluating market makers therefore needs to shift from trading volume to whether trading is actually possible, because volume can be inflated at will through wash trading. Practicing market makers treat volume only as an outcome and instead look at the following:</p><ul><li><p>How deep is the order book within 1% to 2% of the current price?</p></li><li><p>How far does the price move when a given amount is traded?</p></li><li><p>How much of the time are buy and sell quotes posted at the same time?</p></li></ul><p>However large volume appears, if the order book is thin and small orders move the price sharply, there is no real liquidity. The deciding question is whether outside participants can execute the size they want at a fair price. When CEXs and token issuers select market makers on the basis of these measures, firms whose only purpose is illegal price manipulation will gradually be pushed out of the market.</p><p>Registration or licensing can be required of firms that sign contracts with CEXs or token issuers and sell services under the market maker name. Firms like Gotbit, which took money from issuers to sell a service, can be screened out from the start if requirements are placed at the contract stage. There is no need to bring participants trading with their own capital under licensing.</p><p>As noted in Section 3, the EU&#8217;s MiCA takes the same approach and requires a license only for services provided to clients, not for market making on a CEX with one&#8217;s own capital.</p><h3><strong>4.3. Hidden Contracting Parties and Conflicted Arrangements</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png" width="1456" height="896" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:896,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3aUH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4d1e0ba8-40e3-4374-964d-5a995d0be8d0_1456x896.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Even when a capable firm is selected, serious problems can arise if the structure of who contracted with whom is opaque. In the crypto market, the parties to contracts between token issuers and market makers are often not clearly disclosed. With the counterparties hidden, distorted arrangements can emerge, such as a single firm acting as agent for both sides of the same deal.</p><p>The MOVE case illustrates this. The Movement Foundation transferred 66 million tokens, 5% of supply, to Rentech, an intermediary that described itself as a subsidiary of Web3Port, and entrusted it with providing liquidity. It later emerged that Rentech appeared in the contract once as the foundation&#8217;s agent and once as Web3Port&#8217;s agent, meaning the same firm stood on both sides of the deal.</p><p>These tokens were sold into the market right after the December 2024 listing, when there were almost no buy orders. Binance removed the market maker and froze $38 million in proceeds, and Coinbase later suspended MOVE trading.</p><p>The foundation stated that the sales were made without its consent. The arrangement was called a liquidity provision contract, but what actually happened was not two-sided quoting but a one-sided disposal of the token issuer&#8217;s supply.</p><p>Legitimate market making therefore depends on fair contract terms and transparent contracting relationships.</p><p>On the substance of the terms, contracts of legitimate market makers rest on two firm principles: the market maker bears real price risk, and the token issuer does not intervene in the price.</p><p>Under a token loan arrangement, the market maker provides two-sided quotes using the borrowed tokens and its own funds. When the contract ends, it simply returns the same number of tokens and receives no instruction at any point to move the price in a particular direction. To ensure this, the contract must include the following:</p><ul><li><p>A ban on wash trading</p></li><li><p>A ban on pushing the price in a particular direction</p></li><li><p>A cap on the spread between buy and sell prices</p></li><li><p>A minimum quote size</p></li></ul><p>The same principles hold under a call option contract if the market maker sets its day-to-day quotes on its own and the token issuer only sets the option terms without directing individual trades.</p><p>The second requirement is making contracts visible. At a minimum, CEXs and regulators should be able to confirm which market makers are active, with what token amounts and on what terms, and whether any intermediary represents both sides at once.</p><p>This is the information Binance has required from issuers of listed tokens since March 2026. Going further, just as stock exchanges disclose the market maker for each stock, investors should also be able to see which market makers are active in a token.</p><h3><strong>4.4. Exchange and Market Maker Under One Roof</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png" width="1456" height="853" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:853,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4vaj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7637c262-7fcd-4320-8a83-e53805955f2f_1456x853.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>When a market maker is an affiliate of a CEX, the conflict of interest grows. When one company runs a CEX, custody, and proprietary trading together, the affiliated market maker can easily receive privileges that other users do not have.</p><p>FTX and Alameda Research are a representative case. Alameda acted as a major market maker on FTX and received credit lines and privileges unavailable to other users. US authorities found that FTX customer deposits flowed to Alameda and were used for investments and to cover losses. Both companies went bankrupt in 2022.</p><p>The problem was not the market maker status itself but the fact that the credit and discretion attached to that status were used without any oversight to misappropriate customer assets.</p><p>The solution, then, is not to ban affiliated market makers outright but to separate and monitor them. After the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) named this conflict of interest a key issue in its 2023 recommendations, Hong Kong turned it into regulation. In February 2026, Hong Kong&#8217;s Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) allowed market making by CEX affiliates on three conditions:</p><ul><li><p>The market making unit must be functionally separated from the CEX.</p></li><li><p>There must be clear operational boundaries between the two.</p></li><li><p>Before market making begins, an assessment report from an independent professional firm must be submitted to the regulator.</p></li></ul><p>This approach draws a clear line and monitors it so that preferential treatment and information sharing do not occur. If Korean CEXs come to conduct market making through affiliates or related companies, the same principles should apply from the outset.</p><h3><strong>4.5. Market Makers Without Obligations Leave First in a Crisis</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png" width="1456" height="722" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:722,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CRQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde5f85f2-f049-4115-afa4-991114db0b3d_1456x722.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Where the first four cases are limitations seen under normal conditions, the last is a problem that appears when the market falls sharply.</p><p>Most crypto market makers have no binding obligations they must meet in a falling market. When losses mount, withdrawing quotes is the rational response, and the resulting gaps in the order book cause the market to collapse rapidly.</p><p>The October 10, 2025 event discussed earlier is a representative case. As many crypto assets fell 40% to 70%, industry practitioners assessed the withdrawal of market maker quotes as a decisive factor.</p><p>Preventing withdrawal in a crisis requires clear performance obligations together with an appropriate incentive structure. Participants bound by enforceable rules did in fact behave very differently in a crisis.</p><p>According to interviews with practitioners, when one crypto asset fell sharply on negative macroeconomic news, its market maker temporarily widened the spread but kept its quotes on the book, preventing trading from breaking down. This difference came from contractual obligations and risk management guidelines.</p><p>The traditional stock market has put these mechanisms into regulation. The Korea Exchange (KRX) requires market makers to submit quotes for at least 80% of each day and 90% of each quarter for each designated stock, and pays incentives only to firms that meet these obligations. Firms that fall short receive penalty points, and above a certain level their commissioned contract is terminated and they are disqualified for one year.</p><p>A measure of whether obligations were met is also needed. Practicing market makers judge recovery after a market shock not by a price rebound but by whether trading has resumed functioning normally:</p><ul><li><p>Does the widened spread between buy and sell prices narrow again?</p></li><li><p>Is the quote volume that was withdrawn being replenished?</p></li><li><p>Are price differences between CEXs converging?</p></li><li><p>How long does it take to return to normal?</p></li></ul><p>If these measures are used as the standard for obligations and compensated accordingly, market makers will have more reason to stay in a crisis than to leave.</p><h2><strong>5. From Enforcement to Oversight</strong></h2><p>Distrust of market makers in Korea is not without basis. As Section 4 showed, however, tracing that basis reveals that the problem was not the market making function itself. It was a structure in which anyone could claim to be a market maker and no one had defined what normal activity looks like.</p><p>Korean law still leaves this structure in place, though it is important to identify precisely where the gap lies. Placing quotes while trading with one&#8217;s own capital is legal today, and the same applies to operating with borrowed tokens. Like any other trading, this activity is punishable if it amounts to price manipulation, but it is not a problem simply because it is proprietary trading. The gray zone lies outside it, in the contracts.</p><ul><li><p>There is no channel for formal contracts with CEXs. The current Virtual Asset User Protection Act prohibits price manipulation without providing an exception for market making. If a CEX signs a contract with a market maker that includes quoting obligations, trades made under that contract risk being treated as price manipulation.</p></li><li><p>There is no license or registration system for contracted market makers.</p></li><li><p>It is difficult for corporations to open accounts and trade on Korean KRW CEXs.</p></li></ul><p>What sits outside the regulatory framework in Korea, then, is not liquidity provision itself but a channel for commissioning and overseeing it through formal contracts. Contracted market makers have no route to supervision within the framework, and only after-the-fact enforcement remains.</p><p>Major jurisdictions are already moving in this direction, raising rules on unfair trading to the level of traditional finance and creating a framework within which market participants can operate.</p><ul><li><p><strong>EU: </strong>Price manipulation of crypto assets has been prohibited since December 30, 2024, when MiCA took full effect. Market making on a CEX with one&#8217;s own capital is not subject to licensing; licenses attach to the point where services are provided to clients. Large market makers such as Keyrock and Flowdesk obtained licenses in June 2026 in order to serve clients.</p></li><li><p><strong>Hong Kong: </strong>Judging that liquidity on CEXs was insufficient, the SFC allowed market making by CEX affiliates in February 2026, on the condition that the market making unit be separated from the CEX.</p></li><li><p><strong>Japan: </strong>In July 2026, Japan passed amendments bringing crypto assets under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and added a new ban on insider trading.</p></li></ul><p>Although these jurisdictions started from different points, they are clearly heading toward the same goal: regulating unfair price manipulation as strictly as in traditional finance while formally recognizing legitimate liquidity providers within the regulatory framework.</p><p>The task for the Korean market is to find the same balance. Neither blanket distrust of market makers nor uncritical defense of them is a sound answer. The regulatory changes needed to address the structural limitations described above can be summarized as follows.</p><ol><li><p><strong>Put the standard for distinguishing normal activity from misconduct into law. </strong>The starting point can be the standards the industry already uses: whether the market maker bears price risk itself, whether there is no aim of pushing the price in one direction, and whether outside investors were actually able to buy and sell. Standards set in advance prevent normal risk management from being mistaken for price manipulation.</p></li><li><p><strong>Define qualifications for market makers that sign contracts. </strong>Registration and licensing requirements should apply where a market maker signs a contract with a CEX or issuer and takes on obligations. Volume manipulators operating under the market maker label would then be screened out at the contract stage, while broad liquidity provision with one&#8217;s own capital would remain open as it is today.</p></li><li><p><strong>Make contracts visible. </strong>At a minimum, CEXs and regulators should be able to see which market makers are active, with what token amounts and on what terms. Investors should also be able to see which market makers are active.</p></li><li><p><strong>Prevent conflicts of interest. </strong>If market making is carried out within the same group as a CEX, the organizations should be separated and subject to external assessment, as in Hong Kong.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pair obligations with compensation. </strong>Imposing quote maintenance obligations with matching compensation, as in the KRX market maker program, gives market makers a reason to stay in the market during a crisis.</p></li></ol><p>Now is the right time to put this legal and regulatory framework in place.</p><ul><li><p>The Digital Asset Basic Act bill introduced in June 2025 includes a provision excluding market making commissioned by a CEX from the definition of price manipulation.</p></li><li><p>In September 2026, the director-general in charge at the Financial Services Commission (FSC) said publicly that the FSC would review the need to introduce a market making framework.</p></li><li><p>At the parliamentary audit in October, the FSC chairman said the bill&#8217;s content had already been prepared and was in final consultations. The government aims to enact it within the year.</p></li></ul><p>The remaining question is no longer whether to allow market makers but on what standards to allow them. One point should not be missed here. The bill made public so far follows the stock market model, centered on market making commissioned by a CEX. Many of the problems discussed above, however, came from contracts with token issuers rather than with CEXs. If the bill does not address how token issuer contracts are treated, the largest blind spot outside the framework will remain.</p><p>Opening the market to corporations is also tied to this legislation. In February 2025, the FSC announced that it would allow about 3,500 listed companies and professional investors to trade crypto assets on a pilot basis. It has not yet finalized the guidelines, however, and is considering timing the announcement in connection with the Digital Asset Basic Act.</p><p>If market makers are not brought within the rules now, while the rules for a market that corporate funds will enter are being set, liquidity provision will remain outside the framework even after the market opens.</p><p>For the Korean crypto market to take in institutional capital properly, the view of market makers needs to change first. Enforcement alone cannot keep legitimate market makers in the market, nor can it screen out firms that merely borrow the name. The Digital Asset Basic Act is the first opportunity to move market makers from being a target of enforcement to being a subject of oversight.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. 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Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[예측시장은 실제로 효용을 가져오는가?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Key Takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 13:03:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/221574130/3b8f208fbc6043a5aefa757bd846d610.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#49892;&#51228; &#46024;&#51060; &#44152;&#47536; &#8216;&#49828;&#53416; &#51064; &#45908; &#44172;&#51076;&#8217; &#44396;&#51312; &#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#44081;&#49888;&#46104;&#45716; &#51221;&#48128;&#54620; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#47728;, &#44536; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;, &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928;, &#44221;&#51228; &#51204;&#47581;&#44284; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#45824;&#46321;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#51060;&#47484; &#50883;&#46024;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49828;&#54252;&#52768;&#50752; &#49440;&#44144; &#50696;&#52769;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228;&#50752; &#51648;&#51221;&#54617;&#51012; &#45796;&#47336;&#45716; &#54645;&#49900; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196; &#48156;&#51204;&#54664;&#51004;&#47728;, &#51452;&#50836; &#44552;&#50997; &#47588;&#52404;, &#51473;&#50521;&#51008;&#54665; &#50672;&#44396;&#51652;, &#44592;&#44288;&#50857; &#49884;&#51109; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51060; &#51060;&#47484; &#54253;&#45331;&#44172; &#52292;&#53469;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#51204; &#49464;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#49888;&#47280;&#48155;&#45716; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196; &#51088;&#47532; &#51105;&#51004;&#47140;&#47732;, &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51008; &#51312;&#51089;&#50640; &#44204;&#46364; &#47564;&#53372; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#53412;&#50864;&#44256;, &#44508;&#51228; &#45817;&#44397;&#44284; &#51201;&#44537; &#49548;&#53685;&#54644; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#47784;&#45768;&#53552;&#47553; &#46020;&#44396;&#47196; &#51116;&#51221;&#51032;&#54616;&#47728;, &#46021;&#47549; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#44032; &#46263;&#48155;&#52840;&#54616;&#45716; &#44060;&#48169;&#51201;&#51060;&#44256; &#53804;&#47749;&#54620; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#50976;&#51648;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. &#48288;&#54021;&#50640;&#49436; &#44032;&#52824;&#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47196;</strong></h2><p><strong><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-you-really-know-prediction-markets-kor">&#52395; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;</a>&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51221;&#51032;&#50752; &#51089;&#46041; &#48169;&#49885;&#51012;,<a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/52m-regulatory-gap-in-asias-prediction-kor"> &#46160; &#48264;&#51704; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;</a>&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#51452;&#50836; &#44508;&#51228; &#54788;&#54889;&#51012; &#45796;&#47384;&#45796;. &#46160; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900;&#51008; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#48288;&#54021;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#44032;&#52824;&#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png" width="1456" height="788" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:788,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NP5V!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b66f5cb-a261-49c5-9a50-57575ee61ba4_2048x1108.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51452;&#50836; &#44552;&#50997; &#47588;&#52404;&#50752; &#49884;&#51109; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44592;&#50629;&#46308;&#51060; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#52292;&#53469;&#54616;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#50640;&#49436; &#44536; &#44032;&#52824;&#47484; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><a href="https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/new-google-finance-ai-deep-search/">&#44396;&#44544; &#54028;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828;</a>, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/04/cnbc-and-kalshi-strike-exclusive-partnership.html">CNBC</a>, <a href="https://news.kalshi.com/p/kalshi-cnn-prediction-market-partnership">CNN</a>, <a href="https://www.dowjones.com/press-room/polymarket-and-dow-jones-publisher-of-the-wall-street-journal-announce-exclusive-prediction-market-partnership/">&#50900;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#51200;&#45328;(WSJ)</a>&#51008; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#54868;&#47732;&#50640; &#54364;&#49884;&#54616;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#44256;, &#45684;&#50837;&#51613;&#44428;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#47784;&#54924;&#49324; <a href="https://ir.theice.com/press/news-details/2026/ICE-Launches-Polymarket-Signals-and-Sentiment-Tool-Turning-Crowd-Sourced-Dynamic-Views-into-Market-Opportunities/default.aspx">&#51064;&#53552;&#53080;&#54000;&#45352;&#53448;&#51061;&#49828;&#52404;&#51064;&#51648;(ICE)</a>&#50752; &#52292;&#44428; &#46321;&#51012; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#51088;&#44144;&#47000; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268; <a href="https://www.tradeweb.com/newsroom/media-center/news-releases/tradeweb-expands-kalshi-prediction-market-data-index-into-institutional-trading-workflows">&#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46300;&#50937;(Tradeweb)</a>&#46020; &#44592;&#51316; &#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44592;&#44288; &#44256;&#44061;&#50640;&#44172; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#48120;&#44397; &#50672;&#51456; &#51060;&#49324;&#54924; &#50892;&#53433;&#54168;&#51060;&#54140;&#46020; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221;, &#47932;&#44032;, &#49892;&#50629;, GDP &#49457;&#51109;&#47456; &#44057;&#51008; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#44592;&#45824;&#51032; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#51004;&#47196; &#49444;&#47749;&#54664;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#48120;&#44397; &#50672;&#51456; &#51060;&#49324;&#54924; &#51060;&#53076;&#45432;&#48120;&#49828;&#53944;&#50752; &#44277;&#46041; &#51200;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#52860;&#49884;(Kalshi)&#51032; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#8220;&#50672;&#44396;&#51088;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#45817;&#44397; &#47784;&#46160;&#50640; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716;, &#44256;&#48712;&#46020;&#47196; &#44228;&#49549; &#44081;&#49888;&#46104;&#47728; &#48516;&#54252; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#54413;&#48512;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#8221;&#51004;&#47196; &#54217;&#44032;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>). &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#45800;&#49692; &#48288;&#54021; &#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#44277;&#44553;&#50896;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#48120; &#49328;&#50629;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47196; &#51064;&#51221;&#54616;&#44256; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50640; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#49884;&#47532;&#51592;&#51032; &#47560;&#51648;&#47561; &#54200;&#51064; &#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#51656;&#47928;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#51032; &#54952;&#50857;&#51012; &#49332;&#54196;&#48376;&#45796;.</p><ol><li><p><strong>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#46104;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#45716; &#50612;&#46356;&#49436; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>&#54788; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#46308;&#51008; &#44536;&#47084;&#54620; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#46104;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></h2><p>&#52395; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#50640;&#49436; &#45796;&#47340; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#51064; &#51060;&#51652; &#44228;&#50557;(Binary Contract)&#51008; &#53945;&#51221; &#49324;&#44148;&#51032; &#48156;&#49373; &#50668;&#48512;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#53685;&#49345; 1&#45804;&#47084; &#46608;&#45716; 0&#45804;&#47084;&#47484; &#51648;&#44553;&#54616;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#45796;. &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; &#8220;&#45236;&#51068; &#48708;&#44032; &#50732; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#44228;&#50557;&#51060; 0.62&#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#44144;&#47000;&#46108;&#45796;&#47732;, &#51060;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#54644;&#45817; &#49324;&#44148;&#51032; &#48156;&#49373; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; 62%&#47196; &#52628;&#51221;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51020;&#51012; &#46907;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;(0.62&#45804;&#47084;)&#51008; &#48120;&#47000; &#49345;&#54889;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#51649;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;(62%)&#47196; &#44592;&#45733;&#54620;&#45796;. &#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#48288;&#54021; &#54869;&#47456;&#51060; &#50500;&#45772; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44552;&#50997; &#44592;&#44288;&#44284; &#50616;&#47200;&#51060; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221; &#51648;&#54364;&#47196; &#52292;&#53469;&#54616;&#45716; &#8216;&#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#8217;&#47196; &#51088;&#47532; &#51105;&#51008; &#45936;&#50640;&#45716; &#45796;&#51020; 4&#44032;&#51648; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#53945;&#49457;&#51060; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png" width="1456" height="782" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:782,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P6J9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4056e6f-b6f4-480b-aaa9-07213a0d67bb_2048x1100.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>2.1. &#49828;&#53416; &#51064; &#45908; &#44172;&#51076; (Skin in the Game)&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#49888;&#47280;&#46020; &#54869;&#48372;</strong></h3><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48288;&#54021;&#51012; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#46020;&#48149;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#45716; &#49884;&#49440;&#46020; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44552;&#51204;&#51201; &#51060;&#54644;&#44288;&#44228;&#44032; &#44152;&#47536; &#48288;&#54021;&#51008; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#50640;&#44172; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#8216;&#49828;&#53416; &#51064; &#45908; &#44172;&#51076;(Skin in the Game)&#8217; &#47700;&#52964;&#45768;&#51608;&#51012; &#51089;&#46041;&#49884;&#53416;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#8216;&#49828;&#53416; &#51064; &#45908; &#44172;&#51076;&#8217;&#51060;&#46976; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#44208;&#51221;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#50948;&#54744;&#44284; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#49828;&#49828;&#47196; &#44048;&#49688;&#54616;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#46907;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51593; &#51452;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#51032;&#44204; &#54364;&#47749;&#51060;&#45208; &#48708;&#50857; &#50630;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#45804;&#47532;, &#50696;&#52769; &#50724;&#47448; &#48156;&#49373; &#49884; &#51088;&#49888;&#51032; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#51649;&#51217; &#49552;&#49892;&#46104;&#45716; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#48512;&#45812;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#52384;&#51200;&#55176; &#44160;&#51613;&#46108; &#51221;&#48372;&#50752; &#49892;&#51228; &#49888;&#45392;&#47564;&#51012; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640; &#48152;&#50689;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44221;&#51228;&#51201; &#51060;&#54644;&#44032; &#44152;&#47536; &#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#50696;&#52769;&#51060; &#47784;&#51060;&#47732;, &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51060; &#52649;&#48516;&#54616;&#45796;&#45716; &#51204;&#51228;&#54616;&#50640; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#8216;&#44032;&#44201;&#8217;&#51008; &#49888;&#47280;&#46020; &#45458;&#51008; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.2. &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#50672;&#49549; &#44081;&#49888;&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457; &#54869;&#48372;</strong></h3><p>&#51204;&#53685;&#51201;&#51064; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#45208; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928;&#51008; &#51312;&#49324;&#44032; &#51060;&#47336;&#50612;&#51652; &#53945;&#51221; &#49884;&#51216;&#51032; &#45800;&#54200;&#51201;&#51064; &#51648;&#54364;&#47564;&#51012; &#51228;&#44277;&#54616;&#48064;&#47196;, &#44553;&#48320;&#54616;&#45716; &#54788;&#49892;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#51201;&#49884;&#50640; &#54252;&#52265;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612;, &#45236;&#51068; &#48156;&#54364;&#46112; &#51473;&#50521;&#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221;&#51012; &#50526;&#46160;&#44256; &#50724;&#45720; &#44049;&#51089;&#49828;&#47084;&#50868; &#45824;&#50808; &#44221;&#51228; &#52649;&#44201;&#51060;&#45208; &#44596;&#44553; &#49457;&#47749;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54616;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020;, &#51060;&#48120; &#49688;&#51068; &#51204;&#50640; &#51312;&#49324;&#44032; &#45149;&#45212; &#44592;&#51316; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#45208; &#50900;&#44036; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928;&#50640;&#45716; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#48320;&#54868;&#44032; &#51204;&#54784; &#48152;&#50689;&#46104;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#50976;&#51077;&#46104;&#45716; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51064; &#49692;&#44036;&#50640; &#44032;&#44201; &#48320;&#46041;&#51004;&#47196; &#48152;&#50689;&#46108;&#45796;. &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#45684;&#49828;, &#46028;&#48156; &#48320;&#49688;, &#44508;&#51228; &#48156;&#54364; &#46321;&#51060; &#45208;&#50732; &#46412;&#47560;&#45796; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#46308;&#51060; &#54252;&#51648;&#49496;&#51012; &#45796;&#49884; &#51312;&#51221;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#44228;&#49549;&#54644;&#49436; &#44081;&#49888;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#8216;&#44032;&#44201;&#8217;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#44284;&#44144;&#51032; &#54869;&#47456;&#51060; &#50500;&#45772;, &#51648;&#44552; &#51060; &#49692;&#44036;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#51593;&#44033; &#48152;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#51060; &#45458;&#51008; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.3. &#44208;&#44284;&#51032; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#51077;&#52404;&#51201; &#48516;&#49437;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WdyX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F379b340d-86a7-4108-a163-0ddca9eeac79_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#45800;&#51068; &#54217;&#44512;&#44050;&#51060;&#45208; &#51221;&#51216; &#50948;&#51452;&#51032; &#44592;&#51316; &#51648;&#54364;&#45716; &#45796;&#49688;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#51012; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#49707;&#51088;&#47196; &#50517;&#52629;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#49552;&#49892;&#51060; &#48156;&#49373;&#54620;&#45796;.  &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612;, &#51473;&#50521;&#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44552;&#47532; &#51064;&#54616;&#47484; &#51204;&#47581;&#54624; &#46412; &#51204;&#53685;&#51201;&#51064; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928;&#51008; &#8220;0.25%p &#51064;&#54616;&#8221;&#46972;&#45716; &#45800; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#54217;&#44512; &#49688;&#52824;&#47564;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51460; &#49104;, &#50948;&#50896;&#51032; &#48156;&#50616; &#48320;&#54868;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#49464;&#48512; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#45716; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#51648; &#47803;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#47784;&#46304; &#44208;&#44284;&#44050;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#8216;&#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#8217;&#47484; &#49328;&#52636;&#54620;&#45796;. &#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#8216;&#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#8217;&#46976; &#53945;&#51221; &#44208;&#44284; &#54616;&#45208;&#47564;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#48156;&#49373; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#47784;&#46304; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#48324; &#54869;&#47456;(&#50696;: &#46041;&#44208; 20%, 0.25%p &#51064;&#54616; 70%, 0.5%p &#51064;&#54616; 10%)&#51012; &#54632;&#44760; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#46907;&#54620;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#50672;&#49549;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#44228;&#50676; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#51060;&#44592;&#46020; &#54616;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#50976;&#47141;&#54620; &#51473;&#50521;&#44050;&#49104;&#47564; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972;, &#48156;&#49373; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51008; &#45230;&#51648;&#47564; &#51068;&#45800; &#53552;&#51648;&#47732; &#54028;&#44553;&#47141;&#51060; &#50628;&#52397;&#45212; &#44537;&#45800;&#51201; &#50948;&#54744;(tail risk)&#44620;&#51648; &#51077;&#52404;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#52769;&#51221;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. <strong>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#45800;&#51068; &#49884;&#51216;&#50640; &#47672;&#47924;&#45716; &#49688;&#52824;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612;, &#54693;&#54980; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48320;&#46041;&#49457;&#44284; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356;&#47484; &#51333;&#54633;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#45728;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51077;&#52404;&#51201; &#54869;&#47456;&#48516;&#54252; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.4. &#49324;&#54980; &#44160;&#51613; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#44061;&#44288;&#49457; &#54869;&#48372;</strong></h3><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#49457;&#51060; &#54617;&#44228;&#50752; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44552;&#50997; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#51064;&#51221;&#48155;&#45716; &#44208;&#51221;&#51201; &#51060;&#50976;&#45716; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#8216;&#49324;&#54980; &#44160;&#51613; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#8217;&#50640;&#49436; &#48708;&#47215;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51068;&#48152;&#51201;&#51064; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45208; &#49444;&#47928;&#51312;&#49324;&#46020; &#44208;&#44284;&#44032; &#45208;&#50728; &#46244; &#47582;&#50520;&#45716;&#51648; &#53952;&#47160;&#45716;&#51648; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688;&#45716; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536; &#54217;&#44032;&#45716; &#45824;&#44060; &#54644;&#49437;&#51032; &#50668;&#51648;&#44032; &#47566;&#44256; &#44592;&#44288;&#47560;&#45796; &#50976;&#47532;&#54620; &#49457;&#51201;&#54364;&#47564; &#45236;&#49464;&#50864;&#44592; &#49789;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#8216;&#44032;&#44201;(&#54869;&#47456;)&#8217;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#47749;&#54869;&#54620; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201; &#49688;&#52824;&#47196; &#47784;&#46160; &#44592;&#47197;&#46104;&#44256;, &#51333;&#47308; &#49884;&#51216;&#50640;&#45716; &#45824;&#44060; 0 &#46608;&#45716; 1&#47196; &#51221;&#49328;&#46108;&#45796;. &#51064;&#44036;&#51032; &#51452;&#44288;&#51201; &#54644;&#49437;&#51060; &#44060;&#51077;&#54624; &#50668;&#51648; &#50630;&#51060; &#49688;&#54617;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50756;&#48317;&#54620; &#52292;&#51216;&#51060; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060; &#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#44284;&#44144;&#50640; &#54805;&#49457;&#46108; &#49884;&#44228;&#50676; &#44032;&#44201; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50752; &#49892;&#51228; &#44208;&#44284; &#44036;&#51032; &#44340;&#47532;&#47484; &#45572;&#44396;&#45208; &#50724;&#52264; &#50630;&#51060; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#45824;&#51312;&#54616;&#44256; &#48516;&#49437;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#45572;&#44396;&#46020; &#51312;&#51089;&#54624; &#49688; &#50630;&#45716; &#44061;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#8216;&#49457;&#51201;&#54364;&#8217;&#47484; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#51613;&#47749;&#54644; &#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#8216;&#44032;&#44201;&#8217;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#51452;&#44288;&#51201; &#52628;&#52769;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032;&#50752; &#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51060; &#44284;&#44144;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#50628;&#48128;&#55176; &#54032;&#45800;&#54616;&#44256; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#51648;&#54364;&#47196; &#52292;&#53469;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44032;&#51109; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44540;&#44144;&#44032; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>3. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#45716; &#50612;&#46356;&#49436; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></h2><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#45716; &#52572;&#44540; &#46308;&#50612; &#45824;&#51473;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51452;&#47785;&#48155;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44536; &#50669;&#49324;&#45716; 1980&#45380;&#45824; &#8216;&#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#50752; &#51204;&#51088;&#49884;&#51109;(IEM)&#8217;&#44620;&#51648; &#50732;&#46972;&#44036;&#45796;. &#50724;&#47019;&#46041;&#50504; &#44032;&#51109; &#51096; &#50508;&#47140;&#51652; &#50857;&#46020;&#45716; &#49440;&#44144; &#50696;&#52769;&#51060;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#52572;&#44540; &#55016;&#50476; &#45331;&#51008; &#50689;&#50669;&#50640; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51201;&#50857;&#46104;&#47732;&#49436; &#44536; &#44032;&#52824;&#44032; &#45908;&#50865; &#48516;&#47749;&#54644;&#51648;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bSN2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6105335c-365a-4abc-8478-b3a4f999fc07_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>3.1. &#49440;&#44144;: &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#47484; &#46832;&#50612;&#45336;&#45716; &#51312;&#44592; &#50696;&#52769;&#47141;&#44284; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;</strong></h3><p>&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456; &#52395; &#49324;&#47168;&#45716; &#50526;&#49436; &#45796;&#47340; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#50752; &#51204;&#51088;&#49884;&#51109;(IEM)&#51060;&#45796;. IEM&#51008; 1988&#45380;&#48512;&#53552; 2004&#45380;&#44620;&#51648; &#52824;&#47084;&#51652; &#45796;&#49455; &#52264;&#47168;&#51032; &#48120; &#45824;&#49440;&#50640;&#49436; &#52509; 964&#44148;&#51032; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324; &#44208;&#44284;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368;&#46104;&#50632;&#45716;&#45936;, &#51060; &#51473; 74%&#51032; &#49324;&#47168;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#51228; &#45824;&#49440; &#44208;&#44284;&#47484; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#48372;&#45796; &#45908; &#51221;&#54869;&#54616;&#44172; &#47582;&#54804;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2008.03.007">Berg, Nelson and Rietz, 2008</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png" width="1456" height="855" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:855,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BiOW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe79ffed8-38c6-47ad-9142-8e3e749c2b36_2048x1202.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#50864;&#50948;&#45716; &#49440;&#44144; &#51649;&#51204;&#50640;&#47564; &#45208;&#53440;&#45212; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#50632;&#45796;. 1988~2000&#45380; &#45824;&#49440; &#48516;&#49437;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732;, &#49440;&#44144; &#51068;&#51452;&#51068; &#51204; IEM&#51032; &#46301;&#54364;&#50984; &#50696;&#52769; &#50724;&#52264;(&#49892;&#51228; &#46301;&#54364;&#50984;&#44284;&#51032; &#52264;&#51060;)&#45716; &#54217;&#44512; 1.5%p&#47196; &#44068;&#47101;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324; &#50724;&#52264;(2.1%p)&#48372;&#45796; &#51089;&#50520;&#51004;&#47728;, &#49440;&#44144;&#47484; 150&#51068; &#50526;&#46164; &#49884;&#51216;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#54217;&#44512; &#50724;&#52264;&#45716; 5%p &#49688;&#51456;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157679">Arrow et al., 2008</a>).</p><p>&#47932;&#47200; &#46160; &#49688;&#52824;&#47484; &#45800;&#49692; &#48708;&#44368;&#54616;&#44592;&#45716; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#44032; &#8220;&#50724;&#45720; &#45817;&#51109; &#53804;&#54364;&#54620;&#45796;&#47732;&#8221;&#51012; &#47931;&#45716; &#54788;&#51116;&#51032; &#51648;&#54364;&#46972;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#8220;&#49440;&#44144; &#45817;&#51068;&#51032; &#52572;&#51333; &#44208;&#44284;&#8221;&#47484; &#44032;&#45728;&#54616;&#45716; &#48120;&#47000;&#51032; &#51648;&#54364;&#51060;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png" width="1456" height="687" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:687,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bI4X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb80879d3-d916-4f18-90cf-07670f99fa02_2048x967.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324; &#44208;&#44284;&#50640; &#49440;&#44144;&#51068;&#44620;&#51648; &#45224;&#51008; &#44592;&#44036;&#51032; &#48320;&#49688;&#47484; &#48152;&#50689;&#54644; &#48372;&#51221;&#54616;&#47732; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#48372;&#45796; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#44032; &#45458;&#50520;&#45796;&#45716; &#50672;&#44396;&#46020; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn010">Erikson and Wlezien, 2008</a>). &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; 2008&#45380; &#49440;&#44144;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54620; &#45796;&#47480; &#50672;&#44396;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51032; &#50508;&#47140;&#51652; &#54200;&#54693;&#51012; &#48372;&#51221;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864; &#49440;&#44144; &#52488;&#48152;&#44284; &#51217;&#51204; &#49345;&#54889;&#50640;&#49436; &#48372;&#51221;&#46108; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#48372;&#45796; &#50696;&#52769;&#47141;&#51060; &#45908; &#50864;&#49688;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfp082">Rothschild, 2009</a>).</p><p><strong>&#44208;&#44397; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#48372;&#51221;&#51012; &#44144;&#52824;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#51068;&#48152; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#48372;&#45796; &#54620;&#52789; &#51221;&#54869;&#54616;&#47728;, &#44256;&#46020;&#47196; &#48372;&#51221;&#46108; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368;&#54644;&#46020; &#49552;&#49353;&#50630;&#45716; &#49457;&#45733;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#49440;&#44144;&#47484; &#47751; &#45804; &#50526;&#46164; &#49884;&#51216;&#48512;&#53552; &#47588;&#51068; &#44081;&#49888;&#46104;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#51012; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#44032;&#52824;&#47484; &#45908;&#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.2. &#44221;&#51228;: &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#44592;&#45824;&#47484; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#51069;&#45716; &#46020;&#44396;</strong></h3><p>&#44552;&#47532;, &#47932;&#44032;, &#44256;&#50857;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#51648;&#54364;&#45716; &#48156;&#54364; &#51204; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#54805;&#49457;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#45824;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#54028;&#50501;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#47588;&#50864; &#51473;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44592;&#51316;&#50640;&#45716; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928;&#51312;&#49324;&#45208; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44592;&#45824;&#47484; &#52769;&#51221;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#49444;&#47928;&#51312;&#49324;&#45716; &#49688;&#51452; &#44036;&#44201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50629;&#45936;&#51060;&#53944;&#46104;&#50612; &#49884;&#51032;&#49457;&#51060; &#46504;&#50612;&#51648;&#44256;, &#49440;&#47932; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#45800;&#51068;&#54620; &#49688;&#52824;&#47564; &#51228;&#49884;&#54616;&#47728;, &#50741;&#49496;&#50640;&#49436; &#46020;&#52636;&#54620; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#46020; &#44552;&#47532;&#50752; &#54756;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064; &#47932;&#44032; &#46321; &#51068;&#48512; &#48320;&#49688;&#50640;&#47564; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44033; &#44208;&#44284; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#48324; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#51649;&#51217; &#49328;&#52636;&#54644;&#45240;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201; &#54952;&#50857;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; 2002~2005&#45380; &#44221;&#51228; &#54028;&#49373;&#49345;&#54408;(Economic Derivatives) &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#51077;&#51613;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#48708;&#45453;&#50629; &#44256;&#50857;, &#49548;&#47588;&#54032;&#47588;, &#49888;&#44508; &#49892;&#50629;&#49688;&#45817; &#52397;&#44396; &#44148;&#49688; &#46321;&#51032; &#51648;&#54364; &#48156;&#54364;&#44050;&#50640; &#50672;&#46041;&#46108; &#51060;&#51652;&#50741;&#49496; &#44144;&#47000; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54620; &#44208;&#44284;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#54805;&#49457;&#46108; &#51204;&#47581; &#49688;&#52824;&#45716; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#49444;&#47928; &#54217;&#44512;&#44284; &#45824;&#46321;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#45908; &#45458;&#51008; &#50696;&#52769; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51665;&#44228;&#54620; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252; &#50669;&#49884; &#49892;&#51228; &#49324;&#44148; &#48156;&#49373; &#48712;&#46020;&#50752; &#48128;&#51217;&#54616;&#44172; &#51068;&#52824;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w11929">G&#252;rkaynak and Wolfers, 2006</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png" width="1456" height="942" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:942,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!l9NJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1f24819-0dd6-498b-b589-4f2f80f43a18_2048x1325.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#52572;&#44540; &#48120;&#44397; &#50672;&#48169;&#51456;&#48708;&#51228;&#46020;(Fed) &#51060;&#49324;&#54924; &#50892;&#53433;&#54168;&#51060;&#54140;(<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>)&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#50696;&#52769;&#51012; &#44592;&#51316; &#44592;&#51456; &#51648;&#54364;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368; &#54217;&#44032;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51200;&#51088;&#46308;&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732; FOMC &#54924;&#51032; &#51204;&#45216; &#44592;&#51456; &#52860;&#49884;&#51032; &#50672;&#48169;&#44592;&#44552;&#44552;&#47532; &#51473;&#50521;&#44050;&#183;&#52572;&#48712;&#44050; &#50696;&#52769;&#51008; &#54620; &#48264;&#46020; &#53952;&#47532;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#51004;&#47728;, &#44057;&#51008; &#49884;&#51216;&#51032; &#50672;&#48169;&#44592;&#44552;&#44552;&#47532; &#49440;&#47932;&#48372;&#45796; &#50976;&#51032;&#48120;&#54616;&#44172; &#46832;&#50612;&#45228;&#45796;. &#48660;&#47352;&#48260;&#44536; &#52968;&#49468;&#49436;&#49828;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368;&#54616;&#47732; &#52860;&#49884; &#50696;&#52769;&#51008; &#54756;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064; &#49548;&#48708;&#51088;&#47932;&#44032;&#51648;&#49688;(CPI)&#50640;&#49436; &#50976;&#51032;&#48120;&#54616;&#44172; &#45908; &#51221;&#54869;&#54664;&#44256;, &#44540;&#50896; CPI&#50752; &#49892;&#50629;&#47456;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#53685;&#44228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48708;&#49847;&#54664;&#45796;. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51068;&#48512; &#44592;&#51456; &#51648;&#54364;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#45208;&#51008; &#50696;&#52769;&#51012;, &#45208;&#47672;&#51648;&#50752;&#45716; &#45824;&#46321;&#54620; &#49457;&#44284;&#47484; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;&#45716; &#46907;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png" width="1456" height="837" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:837,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TfjO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F22677dea-fb06-44e9-af2e-f3f14db5e7cc_2048x1178.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51060; &#50672;&#44396;&#45716; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#45908; &#45331;&#51008; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#54876;&#50857; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#50640;&#46020; &#51452;&#47785;&#54620;&#45796;. &#44592;&#51316;&#50640;&#45716; GDP &#49457;&#51109;&#47456;, &#44540;&#50896; &#47932;&#44032;, &#49892;&#50629;&#47456;, &#48708;&#45453;&#50629; &#44256;&#50857; &#46321; &#54645;&#49900; &#44144;&#49884;&#51648;&#54364;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#51080;&#45716; &#54028;&#49373;&#49345;&#54408; &#44592;&#48152; &#51648;&#54364;&#44032; &#51316;&#51116;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49884;&#51109; &#44592;&#48152;&#51032; &#44592;&#45824;&#52824;&#50752; &#49464;&#48512; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#47484; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#51228;&#44277;&#54644; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#51228;&#50557;&#51012; &#50630;&#50528;&#47728;, &#44536; &#45909;&#48516;&#50640; &#50672;&#44396;&#51088;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#45817;&#44397;&#50640; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#51060; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png" width="1456" height="729" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:729,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O1gh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c06b977-dbec-4ea2-ba01-17ccd5fbd4d3_2048x1025.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#50836;&#50557;&#54616;&#51088;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#54756;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064; CPI&#50640;&#49436; &#51204;&#53685; &#51648;&#54364;&#48372;&#45796; &#51221;&#54869;&#54664;&#44256; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#52572;&#49548;&#54620; &#45824;&#46321;&#54620; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#48372;&#50688;&#51004;&#47728;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#45796;&#47336;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#45912; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#44592;&#45824;&#52824;&#47484; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#54869;&#47456; &#48516;&#54252;&#47196; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51216;&#50640;&#49436; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#51221;&#48372;&#50896;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.3. &#44277;&#51473;&#48372;&#44148;: &#46021;&#44048; &#50976;&#54665; &#45800;&#44228;&#47484; 2~4&#51452; &#47676;&#51200; &#54252;&#52265;&#54616;&#45716; &#51312;&#44592; &#44221;&#48372;</strong></h3><p>&#44592;&#51316;&#51032; &#44277;&#49885; &#46021;&#44048; &#53685;&#44228;&#45716; &#48120;&#44397; &#51656;&#48337;&#53685;&#51228;&#50696;&#48169;&#49468;&#53552;(CDC)&#44032; &#51452; &#45800;&#50948;&#47196; &#48156;&#54364;&#54616;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#50640; &#54788;&#51109;&#51032; &#49892;&#51228; &#54869;&#49328; &#49345;&#54889;&#51012; &#49888;&#49549;&#54616;&#44172; &#54028;&#50501;&#54616;&#45716; &#45936; &#49884;&#52264;&#51201; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#51316;&#51116;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#54620;&#44228;&#47484; &#44537;&#48373;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#50752; &#45824;&#54617;&#44368; &#50672;&#44396;&#51652;&#51008; &#52280;&#50668; &#51032;&#47308;&#51652;&#51060; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#45716; &#46021;&#44048; &#51204;&#50857; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#49884;&#48276;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50868;&#50689;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#51032;&#47308;&#51652;&#51060; &#51088;&#48156;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620; &#51076;&#49345; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#47784;&#50500; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#50752; &#51452; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; &#46021;&#44048; &#54876;&#46041;&#51012; 2~4&#51452; &#50526;&#49436; &#50696;&#52769;&#54644; &#45256;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/510427">Polgreen, Nelson, and Neumann, 2007</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png" width="1456" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GpEJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66951c76-58ed-4288-8080-108a5c1b6a05_2048x886.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#50696;&#52769;&#51008; &#52824;&#47308;, &#50696;&#48169;, &#51221;&#52293; &#44208;&#51221;&#50640; &#52280;&#44256;&#44032; &#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060; &#49324;&#47168;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#48372;&#44148; &#54788;&#51109;&#51032; &#48736;&#47480; &#45824;&#51025;&#50640; &#50416;&#51068; &#49688; &#51080;&#51020;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51452;&#50632;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#49884;&#48276; &#50672;&#44396;&#50688;&#44256; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#50752; &#51452; &#45800;&#50948;&#50640; &#44397;&#54620;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;&#45716; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.4. &#44592;&#50629;&#44284; &#51221;&#48372;&#44592;&#44288;: &#48372;&#44256; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#50864;&#54924;&#54616;&#45716; &#54788;&#51109; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#49688;&#51665;</strong></h3><p>&#51068;&#48152;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#50629; &#51312;&#51649;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#48512;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#49548;&#49885;&#51060;&#45208; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#54620; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060; &#49345;&#48512;&#47196; &#48372;&#44256;&#46104;&#45716; &#44284;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436; &#55148;&#49437;&#46104;&#44144;&#45208; &#52629;&#49548;&#46104;&#44592; &#49789;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; &#8216;&#49324;&#45236; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#8217;&#51008; &#51076;&#51649;&#50896;&#51060; &#47588;&#52636;, &#49888;&#51228;&#54408; &#52636;&#49884; &#51068;&#51221;, &#52292;&#50857; &#46321; &#45236;&#48512; &#51060;&#49800;&#51032; &#49457;&#44277; &#50668;&#48512;&#50640; &#51649;&#51217; &#48288;&#54021;&#54616;&#44256; &#50696;&#52769;&#51060; &#47582;&#51004;&#47732; &#48372;&#49345;&#51012; &#48155;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196; &#50868;&#50689;&#46108;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44396;&#51312;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316;&#51032; &#44221;&#51649;&#46108; &#48372;&#44256; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#50864;&#54924;&#54616;&#50668; &#54788;&#51109;&#51032; &#49556;&#51649;&#54620; &#54032;&#45800;&#44284; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#44032;&#44201; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47196; &#49888;&#49549;&#55176; &#51665;&#44228;&#54644; &#45240;&#45796;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>HP: </strong>&#54876;&#49457; &#52280;&#44032;&#51088; 20~26&#47749;&#51060; &#44144;&#47000;&#54620; &#49324;&#45236; &#54032;&#47588; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44277;&#49885; &#44221;&#50689;&#51652; &#51204;&#47581;&#52824;&#50752; &#48708;&#44368; &#44032;&#45733;&#54664;&#45912; 8&#48264; &#51473; 6&#48264;&#50640;&#49436; &#45908; &#51221;&#54869;&#54664;&#44256;, 8&#48264; &#47784;&#46160; &#44277;&#49885; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060; &#53952;&#47536; &#48169;&#54693;&#51012; &#47582;&#54804;&#45796;(<a href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n9y0a-a5y79">Chen and Plott, 2002</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51064;&#53588;: </strong>2006&#45380;&#48512;&#53552; 2013&#45380;&#44620;&#51648; &#50868;&#50689;&#46108; 979&#44060; &#49324;&#45236; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#51473; &#44284;&#48152;&#49688; &#51060;&#49345;&#51060; &#54924;&#49324; &#44277;&#49885; &#51204;&#47581;&#48372;&#45796; &#50864;&#49688;&#54620; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#44592;&#47197;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/692714">Gillen, Plott and Shum, 2017</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#54252;&#46300;: </strong>&#49324;&#45236; &#49888;&#52264; &#44592;&#45733; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000; &#44208;&#44284;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196;, &#54252;&#46300; &#48652;&#47004;&#46300; &#51088;&#51204;&#44144; &#44144;&#52824;&#45824;&#50752; &#52264;&#47049;&#50857; &#51652;&#44277;&#52397;&#49548;&#44592;&#47484; &#54693;&#54980; &#47784;&#45944;&#50640; &#45347;&#51648; &#50506;&#44592;&#47196; &#54664;&#45796;&#44256; 2011&#45380; &#48157;&#54804;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv014">Cowgill and Zitzewitz, 2015</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44396;&#44544;: </strong>&#54620; &#44256;&#50948; &#51076;&#50896;&#51060; &#51204;&#49324; &#54924;&#51032;&#50640;&#49436;, &#44256;&#50948; &#47532;&#45908; &#54620; &#51088;&#47532;&#47484; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#47785;&#54364;&#44032; 6&#44060; &#48516;&#44592; &#50672;&#49549; &#45804;&#49457;&#46104;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#51004;&#47728; &#49324;&#45236; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51060;&#47484; &#48120;&#47532; &#45236;&#45796;&#48420;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv014">Cowgill and Zitzewitz, 2015</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51648;&#47704;&#49828;: </strong>&#44592;&#51316; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944; &#44228;&#54925;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#44592;&#54620; &#45236; &#50756;&#47308;&#44032; &#44032;&#45733;&#54644; &#48372;&#51060;&#45912; &#49548;&#54532;&#53944;&#50920;&#50612; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#49324;&#45236; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; 2~3&#51452; &#51648;&#50672;&#51012; &#44221;&#44256;&#54664;&#44256;, &#49892;&#51228; &#54644;&#45817; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#45716; 13&#51068; &#45734;&#44172; &#50756;&#47308;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;(<a href="http://ebweb.at/apsm/fmaia2.pdf">Ortner, 1998</a>).</p></li></ul><p>&#44397;&#44032; &#50504;&#48372; &#48143; &#51648;&#51221;&#54617;&#51201; &#51060;&#49800;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#54952;&#50857;&#51060; &#54869;&#51064;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#48120;&#44397; &#51221;&#48372;&#44256;&#46321;&#50672;&#44396;&#44592;&#54925;&#44397;(IARPA)&#51060; 2011~2015&#45380; &#51652;&#54665;&#54620; &#51648;&#51221;&#54617; &#50696;&#52769; &#45824;&#54924;&#50640;&#49436; &#50672;&#44396;&#51652;&#51008; &#46160; &#49884;&#51596;&#50640; &#44152;&#52432; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#44284; &#50696;&#52769; &#49444;&#47928;(&#50696;&#52769;&#51088; &#45824;&#49345; &#49444;&#47928;)&#51012; &#48708;&#44368;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>2,400&#47749;&#51060; &#45336;&#45716; &#52280;&#44032;&#51088;&#44032; 261&#44060; &#49324;&#44148;&#51012; &#50696;&#52769;&#54620; &#44208;&#44284;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#46160; &#49884;&#51596; &#47784;&#46160; &#49444;&#47928; &#51025;&#45813;&#51032; &#45800;&#49692; &#54217;&#44512;&#48372;&#45796; &#51221;&#54869;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44284;&#44144; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#44032;&#51473;&#52824;&#47484; &#51452;&#44256; &#53685;&#44228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51221;&#54620; &#54016; &#49444;&#47928;&#51032; &#50696;&#52769;&#50640;&#45716; &#48120;&#52824;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#44032;&#44277; &#50630;&#51060;&#46020; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#51096; &#51665;&#44228;&#54620;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2374">Atanasov et al., 2017</a>).</p><p>&#51221;&#47532;&#54616;&#47732;, &#44592;&#50629; &#45236;&#48512;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#44277;&#49885; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45208; &#48372;&#44256; &#52404;&#44228;&#44032; &#45459;&#52828; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#47676;&#51200; &#51105;&#50500;&#45240; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#48152;&#48373;&#54644;&#49436; &#48372;&#44256;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#51221;&#48372;&#44592;&#44288; &#45824;&#54924;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49444;&#47928; &#51025;&#45813;&#51032; &#45800;&#49692; &#54217;&#44512;&#48372;&#45796; &#51221;&#54869;&#54664;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#44284;&#44144; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47196; &#44032;&#51473;&#54620; &#54016; &#49444;&#47928;&#51032; &#50696;&#52769;&#50640;&#45716; &#48120;&#52824;&#51648; &#47803;&#54664;&#44256;, HP&#50752; &#51648;&#47704;&#49828; &#49324;&#47168;&#52376;&#47100; &#51068;&#48512; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#44032; 20~60&#47749; &#51221;&#46020;&#47196; &#51201;&#50632;&#45796;&#45716; &#51216;&#51008; &#54620;&#44228;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>4. &#54788; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#46308;&#51008; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></h2><p>&#44536;&#47111;&#45796;&#47732; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#54788;&#51116; &#51089;&#46041;&#54616;&#45716; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#46308;&#46020; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#47564;&#46308;&#50612;&#45236;&#44256; &#51080;&#51012;&#44620;? &#51060;&#47484; &#44160;&#51613;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51064; &#47532;&#48120;&#53944;&#47532;&#49828;(Limitless)&#51032; 2026&#45380; 10&#50900; &#44592;&#51456; &#44277;&#44060; API &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#49884;&#51109; &#51333;&#47448;&#50752; &#50696;&#52769; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020;&#47484; &#48516;&#49437;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.1. &#49884;&#51109; &#51333;&#47448;&#51032; &#45796;&#50577;&#49457;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png" width="1456" height="767" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:767,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!B4-P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67552b3b-90b0-4ff6-bb5a-2007772beb55_2048x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#48516;&#49437; &#49884;&#51216; &#44592;&#51456; &#52509; 556&#44060; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44060;&#49444;&#46104;&#50612; &#51080;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#45800;&#49692; &#49828;&#54252;&#52768;&#45208; &#50724;&#46973;&#49457; &#51060;&#48292;&#53944;&#50640; &#44397;&#54620;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#44256; &#51452;&#50836;&#44397; &#51473;&#50521;&#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44552;&#47532; &#51064;&#54616;&#183;&#51064;&#49345; &#50668;&#48512;, &#49440;&#44144;&#50752; &#51648;&#51221;&#54617; &#48320;&#49688;, &#44592;&#49696; &#44592;&#50629;&#51032; IPO&#50752; &#48516;&#44592; &#49892;&#51201; &#46321; &#51221;&#52293; &#48143; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#51648;&#54364; &#51204;&#48152;&#51012; &#54253;&#45331;&#44172; &#45796;&#47336;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44284;&#44144;&#50640;&#45716; &#51228;&#54620;&#51201;&#51064; &#51060;&#48292;&#53944;&#50640; &#47672;&#47932;&#47104;&#45912; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#51204;&#48169;&#50948;&#51201;&#51064; &#44144;&#49884; &#51648;&#54364;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#48320;&#49688;&#47196; &#45796;&#48320;&#54868;&#46108; &#44163;&#51008;, &#50526;&#49440; &#51109;&#46308;&#50640;&#49436; &#44160;&#51613;&#46108; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#54952;&#50857;(&#51221;&#54869;&#46020;, &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;, &#49324;&#54980; &#44160;&#51613; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;)&#51060; &#51060;&#51228; &#53945;&#51221; &#48516;&#50556;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44221;&#51228;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#44208;&#51221; &#51204;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#51109;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#51020;&#51012; &#49884;&#49324;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51593;, &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51060;&#45208; &#50668;&#47200;&#51312;&#49324;&#44032; &#54252;&#52265;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47140;&#50912;&#45912; &#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#49457;&#44284; &#48120;&#47000; &#48320;&#46041;&#49457;&#51060; &#49888;&#47280;&#46020; &#45458;&#51008; &#51221;&#47049;&#51201; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47196; &#49688;&#52824;&#54868;&#46104;&#47728;, &#49884;&#51109; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#45817;&#44397; &#47784;&#46160;&#50640;&#44172; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221; &#44592;&#51456;&#51216;&#51004;&#47196; &#44592;&#45733;&#54616;&#44172; &#46104;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>4.2. &#50696;&#52769;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;</strong></h3><p>&#51060;&#46308; &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#54805;&#49457;&#46108; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#49892;&#51228; &#49324;&#44148;&#51032; &#48156;&#49373; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#51221;&#48128;&#54616;&#44172; &#48152;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#44160;&#51613;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54616;&#50668;, &#49688;&#51665;&#54620; &#54364;&#48376; &#51473; &#54032;&#51221;&#51060; &#50756;&#47308;&#46108; 2,681&#44060; &#51060;&#48292;&#53944; &#49884;&#51109;(&#50557; 85%&#44032; &#49828;&#54252;&#52768; &#49884;&#51109;)&#51012; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196;, &#50696;&#51221;&#46108; &#54032;&#51221; &#49884;&#44033; &#54616;&#47336; &#51204; &#44032;&#44201;&#44284; &#49892;&#51228; &#44208;&#44284;&#47484; &#48708;&#44368;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png" width="1456" height="1088" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1088,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yW6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9400cad-5f17-446d-a2e9-43b47e6e1a1d_2048x1530.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#48516;&#49437; &#44208;&#44284;, &#51204;&#52404; 10&#44060; &#44032;&#44201; &#44396;&#44036; &#51473; 9&#44060; &#44396;&#44036;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#51228; &#44208;&#44284; &#48156;&#49373; &#48708;&#50984;&#44284; &#50696;&#52769; &#44032;&#44201; &#44036;&#51032; &#52264;&#51060;&#44032; 4%p &#51060;&#45236;&#50688;&#45796;. &#51068;&#47168;&#47196; &#54032;&#51221; &#54616;&#47336; &#51204; 70~80%&#51032; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#44032;&#47532;&#53412;&#45912; &#44228;&#50557; 165&#44148; &#51473; 74.5%&#44032; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#49892;&#54788;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, 90% &#51060;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54217;&#44032;&#46108; 113&#44148; &#51473;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; 97.3%&#44032; &#54788;&#49892;&#54868;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45576;&#50640; &#46916;&#45716; &#50724;&#52264;&#44032; &#45208;&#53440;&#45212; &#44396;&#44036;&#51008; 50~60%(&#49892;&#51228; &#49892;&#54788;&#50984; 48.8%)&#49104;&#51060;&#50632;&#45716;&#45936;, &#51060; &#44396;&#44036; &#44228;&#50557;&#51032; &#50557; 3&#48516;&#51032; 1&#51060; &#54032;&#51221; &#54616;&#47336; &#51204;&#44620;&#51648;&#46020; &#52572;&#52488; &#49345;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51064; 50%&#50640; &#47672;&#47932;&#47084; &#51080;&#50632;&#44256; &#44536; &#45824;&#48512;&#48516;&#51060; &#49828;&#54252;&#52768; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060;&#50632;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51593;, &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51060; &#48512;&#51313;&#54620; &#51068;&#48512; &#48708;&#51064;&#44592; &#49828;&#54252;&#52768; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#51228;&#50808;&#54616;&#47732;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#49892;&#51228; &#49324;&#44148;&#51032; &#48156;&#49373; &#54869;&#47456;&#51012; &#45458;&#51008; &#51221;&#48128;&#46020;&#47196; &#48152;&#50689;&#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>4.3. &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#51221;&#48372;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#48152;&#51025;</strong></h3><p>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;&#51032; &#48148;&#53461;&#50640;&#45716; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#51060; &#51080;&#45796;. &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#50976;&#51077;&#46112; &#46412; &#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#51060;&#47484; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48152;&#50689;&#54616;&#45716;&#51648; &#54869;&#51064;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54616;&#50668; &#50672;&#51456; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221; &#44288;&#47144; &#44032;&#44201;&#51032; &#49884;&#44228;&#50676; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#52628;&#51201;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#50672;&#51456; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#52628;&#51201;&#54620; &#44208;&#44284;, &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#44221;&#51228;&#51648;&#54364;&#50752; &#51221;&#52293; &#48320;&#49688;&#44032; &#44277;&#44060;&#46112; &#46412;&#47560;&#45796; &#49884;&#51109; &#54869;&#47456;&#51060; &#51593;&#49884; &#51312;&#51221;&#46104;&#45716; &#45458;&#51008; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#51012; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;. 8&#50900; &#51473;&#49692; 70% &#49688;&#51456;&#51060;&#45912; &#44552;&#47532; &#46041;&#44208; &#54869;&#47456;&#51008; &#51452;&#50836; &#51648;&#54364; &#48156;&#54364;&#47484; &#44144;&#52824;&#47728; 8&#50900; &#47568;~9&#50900; &#52488; 50% &#48120;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#46973;&#54664;&#44256;,</p><p>9&#50900; 11&#51068; &#47932;&#44032; &#51648;&#54364; &#48156;&#54364; &#51649;&#54980; &#50557; 20%&#47196; &#46504;&#50612;&#51652; &#46244;, &#44208;&#51221; &#51204;&#45216;&#50640;&#45716; 10%&#45824;&#44620;&#51648; &#45236;&#47140;&#44052;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; 0.25%p &#51064;&#49345; &#54869;&#47456;&#51008; &#44208;&#51221; &#45817;&#51068; 86~89%&#44620;&#51648; &#49345;&#49849;&#54616;&#50668; &#50672;&#48169;&#44592;&#44552;&#44552;&#47532; &#49440;&#47932; &#44592;&#48152; &#50696;&#52769; &#54869;&#47456;(CME FedWatch, &#50557; 90%)&#44284; &#44144;&#51032; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#45716; &#49688;&#51456;&#50640; &#46020;&#45804;&#54664;&#45796;(<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>; <a href="https://www.uk.daiwacm.com/media/297003/16sep26usfomc.pdf">Daiwa Capital Markets, 2026</a>). &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#51008; &#51452;&#50836;&#44397; &#51473;&#50521;&#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44208;&#51221; &#51649;&#51204;&#50640; &#54805;&#49457;&#46108; &#47532;&#48120;&#53944;&#47532;&#49828; &#44032;&#44201;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#46041;&#51068;&#54616;&#44172; &#54869;&#51064;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EptB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F71b56020-95db-474d-8448-b34c53da37ea_2048x1382.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EptB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F71b56020-95db-474d-8448-b34c53da37ea_2048x1382.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EptB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F71b56020-95db-474d-8448-b34c53da37ea_2048x1382.png 848w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gcKj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6ceca21-856b-4a32-803a-c295f3603e37_2048x988.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gcKj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6ceca21-856b-4a32-803a-c295f3603e37_2048x988.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gcKj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6ceca21-856b-4a32-803a-c295f3603e37_2048x988.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51333;&#54633;&#54616;&#47732;, &#54788;&#51116; &#51089;&#46041; &#51473;&#51064; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#46308; &#50669;&#49884; &#50526;&#49436; &#49332;&#54196;&#48376; &#8216;&#44032;&#52824; &#51080;&#45716; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#8217;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#50836;&#44148;&#51064; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#44284; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;&#51012; &#49892;&#51228; &#54788;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#52649;&#49892;&#55176; &#51077;&#51613;&#54644;&#45236;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. </strong>&#51593; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#44032;&#44201;&#51008; &#51221;&#48372; &#50976;&#51077;&#51012; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036;&#51004;&#47196; &#55137;&#49688;&#54616;&#50668; &#45458;&#51008; &#51221;&#48128;&#46020;&#51032; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#54805;&#53468;&#47196; &#45130;&#51076;&#50630;&#51060; &#44277;&#44553;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51020;&#51012; &#49892;&#51228; &#49324;&#47168;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#54869;&#51064;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>5. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#54952;&#50857;&#51012; &#44032;&#51256;&#50724;&#45716;&#44032;?</strong></h2><p>&#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; &#49332;&#54196;&#48376; &#48148;&#50752; &#44057;&#51060; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48376;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#44032;&#52824;&#45716; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#53804;&#44592;&#51201; &#44144;&#47000;&#45208; &#49688;&#51061; &#52285;&#52636;&#50640; &#44397;&#54620;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#50724;&#47004; &#44592;&#44036; &#52629;&#51201;&#46108; &#54617;&#49696;&#51201; &#50672;&#44396;&#50752; &#51060;&#48264; &#49892;&#51613; &#48516;&#49437; &#44208;&#44284;&#45716;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#49440;&#44144;, &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#51648;&#54364;, &#44592;&#50629; &#51204;&#47581; &#46321; &#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#50689;&#50669;&#50640;&#49436; &#51204;&#53685;&#51201;&#51064; &#49444;&#47928;&#51312;&#49324;&#45208; &#51204;&#47928;&#44032; &#51665;&#45800;&#51032; &#51204;&#47581;&#51012; &#49345;&#54924;&#54616;&#44144;&#45208; &#48372;&#50756;&#54616;&#45716; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;&#44284; &#51201;&#49884;&#49457;&#51012; &#51648;&#45772; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#49373;&#49457;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51020;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44552;&#50997; &#47588;&#52404;&#50752; &#54645;&#49900; &#49884;&#51109; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#44032; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47484; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#51452;&#50836; &#51648;&#54364;&#47196; &#52292;&#53469;&#54616;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54620; &#55120;&#47492; &#50669;&#49884; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#54952;&#50857;&#49457;&#50640; &#44592;&#48152;&#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#45796;&#47564; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#51452;&#50836;&#44397; &#46321;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#50668;&#51204;&#55176; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#46020;&#48149;&#51032; &#50689;&#50669;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#46972;&#48372;&#45716; &#49884;&#44033;&#51060; &#51316;&#51116;&#54620;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#48376; &#48516;&#49437;&#50640;&#49436; &#54869;&#51064;&#54620; &#48148;&#50752; &#44057;&#51060;, &#47532;&#48120;&#53944;&#47532;&#49828;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#50500;&#51649; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#47566;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#51648;&#47564; &#54620;&#44397;&#51008;&#54665;&#44284; &#51068;&#48376;&#51008;&#54665;&#51032; &#44552;&#47532; &#44208;&#51221; &#46321; &#50669;&#45236; &#51452;&#50836; &#51221;&#52293;&#44284; &#44221;&#51228; &#51060;&#49800;&#47484; &#45796;&#47336;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#51060;&#48120; &#44060;&#49444;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500;&#47484; &#48708;&#47215;&#54620; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49324;&#54924;&#51032; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196; &#51088;&#47532; &#51105;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644;&#49436;&#45716; &#45796;&#51020;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#49464; &#44032;&#51648; &#45432;&#47141;&#51060; &#46263;&#48155;&#52840;&#46104;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><strong>&#52395;&#51704;, &#44032;&#44201; &#50780;&#44257;&#51012; &#51460;&#51060;&#44256; &#49884;&#51109; &#51312;&#51089;&#51012; &#44540;&#51208;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54620; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#45432;&#47141;&#51060;&#45796;. </strong>&#51452;&#50836; &#44144;&#49884; &#48143; &#51221;&#52824; &#51060;&#48292;&#53944; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#52649;&#54616;&#44256; &#44148;&#51204;&#54620; &#52280;&#50668; &#54400;&#51012; &#45331;&#54784;, &#49548;&#49688;&#51032; &#51088;&#48376;&#51060;&#45208; &#53804;&#44592;&#51201; &#49464;&#47141;&#50640; &#51032;&#54644; &#44032;&#44201;&#51060; &#50780;&#44257;&#46112; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51012; &#50896;&#52380;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#52264;&#45800;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#46168;&#51704;, &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#51221;&#52293;&#51201; &#51064;&#49885; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#51060;&#45132;&#50612;&#45236;&#44592; &#50948;&#54620; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51064; &#45824;&#44288;(GR) &#48143; &#49548;&#53685; &#50629;&#47924;&#51060;&#45796;. </strong>&#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#51452;&#50836;&#44397;&#51032; &#51221;&#52293; &#45817;&#44397;&#44284; &#44508;&#51228; &#44592;&#44288;&#51060; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#44508;&#51228;&#50752; &#52264;&#45800;&#51032; &#45824;&#49345;&#51060; &#50500;&#45772;, &#48124;&#44036;&#51032; &#51665;&#45800; &#51648;&#49457;&#51060; &#51025;&#52629;&#46108; &#44144;&#49884;&#44221;&#51228; &#47784;&#45768;&#53552;&#47553; &#48372;&#51312; &#51648;&#54364;&#47196; &#49688;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197; &#51648;&#49549;&#51201;&#51064; &#49444;&#46301;&#44284; &#54801;&#47141; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#44396;&#52629;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#49483;&#51704;, &#53804;&#47749;&#54620; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#44277;&#44060;&#50752; &#46021;&#47549;&#51201;&#51064; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#51312;&#49457;&#51060;&#45796;. </strong>&#51221;&#44592;&#51201;&#51064; &#51221;&#54869;&#46020; &#44160;&#51613; &#51648;&#54364;&#50752; &#49884;&#44228;&#50676; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49483;&#51012; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44060;&#48169;&#54616;&#44256;,<a href="https://www.limitless-research.org/"> &#47532;&#48120;&#53944;&#47532;&#49828; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;</a>&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#51204;&#47928; &#48516;&#49437; &#51452;&#52404;&#46308;&#51032; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#54876;&#46041;&#51012; &#54876;&#49457;&#54868;&#54632;&#51004;&#47196;&#50024; &#50672;&#44396; &#44592;&#44288;&#44284; &#50616;&#47200;, &#51221;&#52293; &#45817;&#44397;&#51060; &#44061;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; &#44540;&#44144;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50640; &#49789;&#44172; &#51217;&#44540;&#54616;&#44256; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#54872;&#44221;&#51012; &#47560;&#47144;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#54788;&#51116; &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#52264;&#49464;&#45824; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196; &#51652;&#54868;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#54872;&#51216;&#50640; &#49436; &#51080;&#45796;. &#50500;&#49884;&#50500;&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#54620; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49324;&#54924;&#51032; &#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#51221;&#52293; &#48143; &#44221;&#51228;&#51201; &#51060;&#49800;&#47484; &#51221;&#48128;&#55176; &#54252;&#52265;&#54616;&#45716; &#49892;&#49884;&#44036; &#54869;&#47456; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#44032; &#53804;&#47749;&#54616;&#44172; &#44277;&#44553;&#46104;&#44256; &#44160;&#51613;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;&#47732;, &#51060;&#45716; &#48120;&#47000;&#51032; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#49457;&#50640; &#45824;&#51025;&#54616;&#45716; &#44061;&#44288;&#51201;&#51060;&#44256; &#50976;&#50857;&#54620; &#51032;&#49324;&#44208;&#51221; &#46020;&#44396;&#47196; &#54876;&#50857;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div 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&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#50557;&#51652;</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#47532;&#48120;&#53944;&#47532;&#49828;(Limitless)&#47196;&#48512;&#53552; &#51068;&#48512; &#50896;&#44256;&#47308; &#51648;&#50896;&#51012; &#48155;&#50520;&#51004;&#45208;, &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#46021;&#47549;&#51201;&#51064; &#51312;&#49324;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.<strong> </strong>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50640; &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#47728; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#51032; &#48652;&#47004;&#46300; &#44032;&#51060;&#46300;&#46972;&#51064;&#50640; &#47582;&#45716; &#47196;&#44256;(<a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">Black/White</a>)&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Do Prediction Markets Deliver Real Utility?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Key Takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 13:03:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/221574806/43b319b3849e92169360a229415e3c60.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-prediction-markets-deliver-real-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Driven by real financial &#8216;skin in the game&#8217;, prediction markets dynamically update in real time to provide precise probability distributions that continuously match or exceed the accuracy of traditional polls, expert surveys, and economic forecasts.</p></li><li><p>Prediction markets have evolved beyond sports and election forecasting into crucial macroeconomic and geopolitical data infrastructure, widely adopted by major financial media, central bank researchers, and institutional market platforms.</p></li><li><p>To establish prediction market data as trusted decision-making infrastructure worldwide, platforms must deepen liquidity to resist manipulation, actively engage regulators to reframe markets as monitoring tools, and maintain open, transparent data backed by independent research.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. From Betting to Valuable Data</strong></h2><p><strong><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-you-really-know-prediction-markets-kor">The first report</a> covered the definition of prediction markets and how they work, and<a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/52m-regulatory-gap-in-asias-prediction-kor"> the second report</a> covered the major regulatory developments. The central point of both reports is that prediction markets serve as valuable data, not merely as a venue for betting.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png" width="1456" height="788" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:788,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8EsY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb6912080-b638-4b13-a136-d9510110802c_2048x1108.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Major financial media and market infrastructure providers have begun to adopt prediction market data, which shows the value of that data.</strong></p><p><a href="https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/new-google-finance-ai-deep-search/">Google Finance</a>, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2025/12/04/cnbc-and-kalshi-strike-exclusive-partnership.html">CNBC</a>, <a href="https://news.kalshi.com/p/kalshi-cnn-prediction-market-partnership">CNN</a>, and <a href="https://www.dowjones.com/press-room/polymarket-and-dow-jones-publisher-of-the-wall-street-journal-announce-exclusive-prediction-market-partnership/">The Wall Street Journal (WSJ)</a> have started displaying prediction market probabilities, and <a href="https://ir.theice.com/press/news-details/2026/ICE-Launches-Polymarket-Signals-and-Sentiment-Tool-Turning-Crowd-Sourced-Dynamic-Views-into-Market-Opportunities/default.aspx">Intercontinental Exchange (ICE)</a>, the parent company of the New York Stock Exchange, and <a href="https://www.tradeweb.com/newsroom/media-center/news-releases/tradeweb-expands-kalshi-prediction-market-data-index-into-institutional-trading-workflows">Tradeweb</a>, an electronic trading platform for bonds and other assets, now distribute prediction market data to institutional clients alongside their existing market data.</p><p><strong>A Federal Reserve Board working paper has also described prediction market data as a benchmark for macroeconomic expectations, such as interest rate decisions, inflation, unemployment, and GDP growth.</strong></p><p>A Federal Reserve Board economist and co-authors described the markets of Kalshi, a prediction market, as &#8220;a high-frequency, continuously updated, distributionally rich benchmark that is valuable to both researchers and policymakers&#8221; (<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>). Prediction markets are thus starting to be seen as a data source rather than a betting site.</p><p>Industry has already recognized prediction market data as valuable and put it to use. This final report in the prediction market series examines the utility of that data through three questions:</p><ol><li><p><strong>How does a prediction market price become valuable data?</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Where is prediction market data used?</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Do today&#8217;s prediction markets produce that kind of data?</strong></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. How Does a Prediction Market Price Become Valuable Data?</strong></h2><p>As covered in the first report, the core mechanism of a prediction market, the binary contract, normally pays out either $1 or $0 depending on whether a specific event occurs. For example, if a contract stating &#8220;It will rain tomorrow&#8221; trades at $0.62, market participants are estimating the probability of that event at 62%.</p><p>A prediction market price ($0.62) therefore works as an intuitive probability (62%) for a future event. Four structural characteristics explain why these prices count as valuable data that global financial institutions and media use in actual decisions, not as mere betting odds.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png" width="1456" height="782" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:782,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7G04!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd552cf00-c049-4015-a4a0-d738ced34bf7_2048x1100.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>2.1. Credibility Through Skin in the Game</strong></h3><p>Some regard betting on prediction markets as plain gambling, but putting money at stake gives participants real &#8216;skin in the game.&#8217;</p><p>&#8216;Skin in the game&#8217; means bearing the risk and responsibility of one&#8217;s own decisions. Unlike an opinion that costs nothing to state, a wrong prediction costs participants their own money, so they build only carefully verified information and genuine beliefs into the price.</p><p><strong>When many predictions with money at stake are aggregated, the prediction market price becomes highly reliable probability data, provided the market has sufficient liquidity.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.2. Timeliness Through Continuous Real-Time Updates</strong></h3><p>Traditional polls and expert surveys provide only a snapshot from the time they were conducted, so they are slow to capture fast-moving changes. For example, if a sudden external economic shock or an emergency statement arrives today, ahead of a central bank rate decision due tomorrow, a poll finished several days ago or a monthly expert survey cannot reflect it at all.</p><p>Prediction market prices, by contrast, change the moment new information enters the market. Prices update continuously because participants readjust their positions whenever news, unexpected developments, or regulatory announcements arrive.</p><p>A prediction market price is therefore not a probability fixed in the past but timely data that reflects changes as they happen.</p><h3><strong>2.3. Probability Distributions Across Outcomes</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!buuG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37d6b7ab-23b2-4784-82c0-e20d237ef115_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Traditional indicators that center on a single average or peak value lose information because they compress many opinions into one number. For example, when forecasting a central bank rate cut, a typical expert survey shows only one average figure, such as a &#8220;0.25 percentage point cut,&#8221; and cannot show scenarios that depend on how committee members&#8217; remarks shift.</p><p>Prediction markets, by contrast, produce a &#8216;probability distribution&#8217; across every possible outcome. A probability distribution here shows the probability of every possible scenario together rather than a single outcome (for example, hold 20%, 0.25 percentage point cut 70%, 0.5 percentage point cut 10%). It is also a continuous time series.</p><p>This lets a prediction market measure not only the most likely central value but also tail risk, meaning outcomes that are unlikely but would have a very large impact if they occurred. <strong>Prediction markets therefore provide more than a single-point figure: their probability distributions support an overall assessment of future market volatility and potential risk.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.4. Objectivity Through Verification After the Fact</strong></h3><p>Prediction market data earns trust in academia and global financial markets above all because its results can be fully verified after the fact.</p><p>Ordinary expert forecasts and surveys can also be checked for accuracy once the outcome is known, but the assessment usually leaves much room for interpretation, and institutions tend to cite only the track record that favors them. Prediction market data, by contrast, is recorded in full as a clear quantitative price (probability) and usually settles at 0 or 1 at expiry. Scoring is therefore mathematically exact and leaves no room for subjective interpretation.</p><p>Anyone can compare historical price data with actual outcomes transparently and without error. Because no one can manipulate this objective track record and it can be shown at any time, prediction market prices are more than subjective guesses: data professionals and institutions can rigorously judge their past accuracy, which gives the most reliable basis for adopting them as a core decision-making indicator.</p><h2><strong>3. Where Is Prediction Market Data Used?</strong></h2><p>Prediction market data has drawn public attention only recently, but its history goes back to the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM) of the 1980s. For a long time its best-known use was forecasting elections, and its value has become more evident as prediction markets have recently been applied to a much wider range of areas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png" width="1456" height="795" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!A8PC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28194aef-e87f-444e-9478-fc4a6380b702_2048x1118.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>3.1. Elections: Earlier and More Accurate Than Polls</strong></h3><p>The first case to show the potential of prediction markets was the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM) described earlier. The IEM was compared against 964 poll results across five US presidential elections held from 1988 to 2004, and in 74% of cases it predicted the actual election result more accurately than the polls (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2008.03.007">Berg, Nelson and Rietz, 2008</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png" width="1456" height="855" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:855,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4Ihb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28d586c4-5b24-4ca5-b214-eb7ee689a086_2048x1202.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>This advantage was not limited to the period just before elections. An analysis of the 1988 to 2000 presidential elections found that one week before the election, the IEM&#8217;s vote share forecast error (the gap from the actual vote share) averaged 1.5 percentage points, smaller than the 2.1 percentage point error of Gallup&#8217;s final poll, and even 150 days before the election the average error was only about 5 percentage points (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157679">Arrow et al., 2008</a>).</p><p>The two figures cannot be compared directly, however. A poll is a current indicator that asks &#8220;if the vote were held today,&#8221; whereas a prediction market price is a forward-looking indicator of &#8220;the final result on election day.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png" width="1456" height="687" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:687,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDG5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25f48087-4cb8-4b2b-8f7a-2bb83481691c_2048x967.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In fact, one study found that polls adjusted for the time remaining until the election were more accurate than prediction markets (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn010">Erikson and Wlezien, 2008</a>). However, another analysis of the 2008 elections finds that when prediction market prices are corrected for their own known bias, they predict better than adjusted polls early in the campaign and in close races (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfp082">Rothschild, 2009</a>).</p><p><strong>Prediction market prices are therefore more accurate than unadjusted polls and perform on par with highly calibrated polls. They also add value by providing forecasts that are updated every day from several months before an election.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.2. Economy: Reading Macroeconomic Expectations in Real Time</strong></h3><p>For macroeconomic indicators such as interest rates, inflation, and employment, it is important to know accurately, before release, what the market expects.</p><p>Market expectations have traditionally been measured with expert surveys or the prices of traditional financial products. Surveys, however, are updated only every few weeks and so lack timeliness, while futures prices give a single figure, and option-implied distributions exist only for a few variables such as interest rates and headline inflation. Prediction markets, by contrast, produce a real-time probability distribution directly, through a price for each outcome.</p><p>This quantitative utility was already demonstrated between 2002 and 2005 in the economic derivatives market. An analysis of binary option trading data tied to the released values of indicators such as nonfarm payrolls, retail sales, and initial jobless claims found that market-implied forecasts were as accurate as, or more accurate than, the average expert survey, and the probability distributions implied by the market closely matched how often events actually occurred (<a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w11929">G&#252;rkaynak and Wolfers, 2006</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png" width="1456" height="942" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:942,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WrjL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dfd3ccd-c177-455d-8420-f2234485d0a7_2048x1325.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A recent Federal Reserve Board working paper (<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>) evaluates prediction market forecasts against established benchmarks. The authors find that Kalshi&#8217;s median and mode forecasts for the federal funds rate had a perfect forecast record on the day before FOMC meetings and significantly outperformed fed funds futures at that horizon. Compared with the Bloomberg consensus, Kalshi forecasts were significantly more accurate for headline CPI inflation and statistically similar for core CPI inflation and unemployment. These findings suggest that prediction markets can improve on some benchmarks, while performing comparably to others.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png" width="1456" height="837" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:837,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XnO4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F40ce75bf-d300-40dc-83d8-f78559452437_2048x1178.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The study also points to a broader range of practical applications beyond accuracy. Liquid derivatives-based indicators had not existed for key macro indicators such as GDP growth, core inflation, the unemployment rate, and nonfarm payrolls. Prediction markets remove this constraint by providing market-based expectations and detailed probability distributions in real time, which makes them a valuable benchmark for researchers and policymakers.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png" width="1456" height="729" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:729,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Mmme!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff697cb8a-2461-4249-8f85-e95a702e203d_2048x1025.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Prediction markets have been more accurate than traditional indicators for headline CPI and at least as accurate for interest rate decisions, and they also express macroeconomic expectations that traditional financial markets never covered as real-time probability distributions. This makes them a practical source of information.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.3. Public Health: Flu Early Warning 2 to 4 Weeks Ahead</strong></h3><p>The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes official flu statistics weekly, so there was a time lag in tracking how the flu was actually spreading.</p><p>To address this limitation, researchers at the University of Iowa ran a pilot prediction market for flu in which participating medical professionals traded. The market pooled the clinical information they provided voluntarily and predicted flu activity across Iowa two to four weeks in advance (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/510427">Polgreen, Nelson, and Neumann, 2007</a>).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png" width="1456" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_q6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6d0e766d-8f06-4938-a18b-b01db90c0bba_2048x886.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Such forecasts may help inform treatment, prevention, and policy decisions. The case showed that prediction markets can support rapid response in public health. However, it was a pilot study confined to the state of Iowa.</p><h3><strong>3.4. Companies and Intelligence Agencies: Information That Bypasses Reporting Lines</strong></h3><p>In a typical company, negative news and uncertain outlooks tend to be diluted or played down as they move up the reporting chain. An internal prediction market, by contrast, has employees bet directly on whether internal matters such as revenue, new product launch dates, and hiring will succeed, and rewards correct predictions. This bypasses rigid reporting lines and quickly gathers candid frontline judgment and information into prices.</p><ul><li><p><strong>HP: </strong>An internal sales prediction market traded by 20 to 26 active participants was more accurate than official management forecasts in 6 of the 8 comparable cases, and in all 8 it correctly identified the direction in which the official forecast was wrong (<a href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n9y0a-a5y79">Chen and Plott, 2002</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>Intel: </strong>More than half of the 979 internal prediction markets operated from 2006 to 2013 were more accurate than the company&#8217;s official forecasts (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/692714">Gillen, Plott and Shum, 2017</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>Ford: </strong>Based on trading in its internal features prediction market, the company said in 2011 that it had decided against including a Ford-branded bike carrier and an in-car vacuum in future models (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv014">Cowgill and Zitzewitz, 2015</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>Google: </strong>A senior executive told a company-wide meeting that a goal of filling a senior leadership role had been missed for six consecutive quarters and that the internal prediction market had seen this coming (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv014">Cowgill and Zitzewitz, 2015</a>).</p></li><li><p><strong>Siemens: </strong>For a software project whose traditional project plan still showed the deadline as reachable, the internal prediction market warned of a delay of two to three weeks, and the project was in fact completed 13 days late (<a href="http://ebweb.at/apsm/fmaia2.pdf">Ortner, 1998</a>).</p></li></ul><p>Prediction markets have also proved useful on national security and geopolitical questions. In a geopolitical forecasting tournament run by the US Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) from 2011 to 2015, researchers compared prediction markets with prediction polls (surveys of forecasters) over two seasons.</p><p>In forecasts of 261 events by more than 2,400 participants, prediction market prices were more accurate than the simple average of the poll responses in both seasons. They did not match team polls whose forecasts were weighted by past accuracy and statistically adjusted, but the result shows that prediction markets aggregate information well without further processing (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2374">Atanasov et al., 2017</a>).</p><p>Inside companies, prediction markets have repeatedly been reported to capture information that official forecasts and reporting lines missed. In the intelligence tournament as well, prediction markets were more accurate than the simple average of poll responses. However, they did not match team polls whose forecasts were weighted by past accuracy, and some of the markets, such as those at HP and Siemens, had small trading populations of about 20 to 60 people, which is a limitation.</p><h2><strong>4. Do Today&#8217;s Prediction Markets Produce Valuable Data?</strong></h2><p>Do the prediction markets operating today also produce this kind of valuable data? To find out, we analyzed the market types and forecast accuracy using public API data from Limitless, an on-chain prediction market platform, as of October 2026.</p><h3><strong>4.1. Variety of Market Types</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png" width="1456" height="767" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:767,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gc-a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdea70e4f-a942-4b5c-b357-a3c673c8711b_2048x1079.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>At the time of analysis, a total of 556 markets were open. Far from being limited to simple sports or entertainment events, they broadly cover policy and macroeconomic indicators as a whole, including interest rate decisions by major central banks, elections and geopolitical variables, and tech company IPOs and quarterly earnings.</p><p>Prediction markets, once confined to a few events, now cover macro indicators and policy variables across the board. This suggests that the utility verified in the earlier sections (accuracy, timeliness, and verifiability after the fact) is now extending beyond specific areas to the global economy and policy decisions generally.</p><p>Uncertainties and future volatility that traditional financial systems and polls struggled to capture are now quantified as reliable probability data, which market participants and policymakers can use as practical reference points for decisions.</p><h3><strong>4.2. Forecast Accuracy</strong></h3><p>To test how closely prices in these markets reflect the actual probability of events, we compared the price one day before the scheduled resolution time with the actual outcome in 2,681 resolved event markets from our collected sample (about 85% of them sports markets).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png" width="1456" height="1088" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1088,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3Gn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F41d21acc-78c1-4361-bb88-04aba1ac1747_2048x1530.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In 9 of the 10 price ranges, the gap between the actual outcome rate and the price was within 4 percentage points. For example, of 165 contracts priced at 70 to 80% one day before resolution, 74.5% actually came true, and of 113 contracts priced at 90% or above, 97.3% came true.</p><p>The only range with a notable error was 50 to 60% (actual occurrence rate of 48.8%), mainly because about a third of the contracts in this range, most of them sports markets, were still at their initial listing price of 50% one day before resolution.</p><p><strong>Apart from these illiquid, less popular sports markets, prediction market prices reflect the actual probability of events with high precision.</strong></p><h3><strong>4.3. Response to New Information</strong></h3><p>Timeliness is what supports this accuracy. To check whether prices reflect new information as soon as it arrives, we tracked the time series of prices on the Fed rate decision.</p><p>The Fed rate decision market adjusted its probabilities immediately whenever new economic data or policy variables were released. The probability of a rate hold, which stood at around 70% in mid-August, fell below 50% in late August and early September as major indicators were released,</p><p>dropped to about 20% right after the September 11 inflation data release, and then fell into the 10% range the day before the decision. The probability of a 0.25 percentage point increase, by contrast, rose to 86 to 89% on the day of the decision, almost the same as the roughly 90% probability implied by federal funds rate futures on CME FedWatch (<a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/kalshi-and-the-rise-of-macro-markets.htm">Diercks, Katz and Wright, 2026</a>; <a href="https://www.uk.daiwacm.com/media/297003/16sep26usfomc.pdf">Daiwa Capital Markets, 2026</a>). Limitless prices formed just before the decisions of other major central banks showed the same real-time responsiveness.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png" width="1456" height="983" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:983,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKUi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6c804aea-e0e8-407f-87b4-7482e5ffba91_2048x1382.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png" width="1456" height="702" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9WP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55cbfa-8505-45e6-8d4c-05ff0850919c_2048x988.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>On-chain prediction market platforms operating today thus meet in practice the timeliness and accuracy that the earlier sections identified as core requirements of valuable data. </strong>These cases show that prediction market prices absorb incoming information in real time and continuously supply it as highly precise probability data.</p><h2><strong>5. Do Prediction Markets Deliver Real Utility?</strong></h2><p>As this report has shown, the essential value of prediction markets does not lie in speculative trading or profit. Long-accumulated academic research and the empirical analysis in this report show that prediction markets produce probability data whose accuracy and timeliness exceed or complement those of traditional surveys and expert forecasts in areas such as elections, macroeconomic indicators, and corporate outlooks. The move by global financial media and key market infrastructure to adopt prediction market data as a real-time indicator also rests on this practical utility.</p><p>In major Asian countries and elsewhere, prediction markets are still often viewed as gambling. This analysis shows, however, that prediction markets such as Limitless already list markets on major regional policy and economic issues, including the interest rate decisions of the Bank of Korea and the Bank of Japan, although trading in these markets is still thin.</p><p><strong>For this data to become trusted decision-making infrastructure worldwide, including in Asia, three efforts are needed.</strong></p><p><strong>First, structural efforts are needed to reduce price distortion and eliminate market manipulation. </strong>Liquidity in markets for major macroeconomic and political events should be increased and the pool of healthy participants broadened, so that a small amount of capital or speculative actors cannot distort prices.</p><p><strong>Second, active government relations (GR) and communication are needed to change policy perceptions of prediction markets. </strong>Policy authorities and regulators in major Asian countries should be engaged continuously, through a cooperative framework, so that they accept prediction markets not as targets of regulation or blocking but as a supplementary macroeconomic monitoring indicator that aggregates the collective knowledge of private participants.</p><p><strong>Third, transparent data disclosure and an independent research community are needed. </strong>Accuracy metrics and time-series datasets should be published regularly and openly, and research by specialized analysts such as<a href="https://www.limitless-research.org/"> Limitless Research</a> should be encouraged, so that research institutions, the media, and policy authorities can easily access the data and trust it on the basis of objective evidence.</p><p><strong>Prediction market platforms are at a turning point, evolving from simple trading venues into next-generation data infrastructure. If real-time probability data that closely tracks policy and economic issues worldwide, including in Asia, can be supplied and verified transparently, it can serve as an objective and useful tool for decisions under future uncertainty.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/do-you-really-know-prediction-markets-eng">Zuckerberg Is Building a Prediction Market. Asia Still Calls It Gambling.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/one-platform-all-assets-what-polymarkets-eng">One Platform, All Assets: What Polymarket's Perpetuals Launch Reveals</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report was partially funded by Limitless. It was independently produced by our researchers using credible sources. The findings, recommendations, and opinions are based on information available at publication time and may change without notice. We disclaim liability for any losses from using this report or its contents and do not warrant its accuracy or completeness. The information may differ from others&#8217; views. This report is for informational purposes only and is not legal, business, investment, or tax advice. References to securities or digital assets are for illustration only, not investment advice or offers. This material is not intended for investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[$253 Billion by 2030: Korea's Tokenized Asset and Stablecoin Market Outlook]]></title><description><![CDATA[Listen now | Key Takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 12:39:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/220846190/d76bf528971e4207aa1a51c621a64140.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Korea&#8217;s crypto market needs to move beyond its reliance on trading fees and rebuild around tokenized assets (RWA) and stablecoins.</p></li><li><p>Based on global forecasts scaled to the size of Korea&#8217;s economy, the domestic market is projected to reach KRW 360 trillion (about $253 billion) by 2030: KRW 315 trillion in tokenized assets and KRW 45 trillion in stablecoins.</p></li><li><p>Ahead of the 2027 regulatory rollout, major financial institutions such as Shinhan, KB, Hana, and Kyobo Securities are building infrastructure, taking equity stakes, and forming global partnerships, laying the groundwork for a KRW 360 trillion market. </p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. The Limits of Trading-Driven Growth</strong></h2><p><strong>Korea&#8217;s crypto market has stopped growing because it depends on trading volume and fee income, while global markets are shifting toward tokenized assets (RWA) and stablecoins that bring traditional financial assets on-chain.</strong></p><p>As of the first half of 2026, Korea had <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">11.18 million</a> tradable crypto accounts, equivalent to more than 20% of the population, but the number grew only <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">0.4%</a> from the previous half. Average daily trading volume fell from <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/84618">KRW 7.3 trillion</a> (about $5.1 billion) in the second half of 2024 to <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">KRW 3.1 trillion</a> (about $2.2 billion) in the first half of 2026. Growth built on trading has reached its limits.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png" width="1456" height="969" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:969,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Biyf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7e01ed6-c270-4871-9d4c-325b4be7ab5f_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Account projections show that even in the most optimistic Bull scenario, the number of accounts in 2030 would be only about 13% higher than in 2026. The market therefore needs new sources of growth beyond trading fees: tokenized real-world assets (RWA) and stablecoins used for payment and settlement.</p><p><strong>This report examines the outlook for tokenized assets (RWA) and stablecoins, a market in which traditional financial assets themselves move on-chain.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. Sizing Korea&#8217;s Tokenized Asset and Stablecoin Market</strong></h2><p>In its February 2023 report &#8220;<a href="https://www.hanaif.re.kr/boardDetail.do?hmpeSeqNo=35582">The Opening of the Token Securities Era</a>,&#8221; Hana Institute of Finance estimated Korea&#8217;s token securities market at <a href="https://www.hanaif.re.kr/boardDetail.do?hmpeSeqNo=35582">KRW 367 trillion</a> (about $258 billion) by 2030, including real estate, based on BCG&#8217;s 2022 global forecast. Because that analysis relies on older data, the estimate needs to be revised to reflect current market trends and BCG&#8217;s new 2026 forecast.</p><p>Tiger Research recalculated the size of Korea&#8217;s tokenized asset market using BCG&#8217;s latest 2026 report and current economic indicators. It also added the stablecoin market, which the Hana Institute of Finance estimate did not cover, using a global forecast from Standard Chartered.</p><p>The main sources and assumptions behind the global forecasts are as follows.</p><ol><li><p>Tokenized assets: According to BCG&#8217;s Global Asset Management Report 2026 (middle-of-the-road scenario), the global market capitalization of tokenized real-world assets (RWA) is projected to grow from <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">$2.3 trillion</a> in 2027 to <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">$14 trillion</a> in 2030. The figures cover government bonds, corporate bonds, securitized debt, money market instruments, commodities, listed stocks, and alternatives, and exclude real estate and stablecoins. These assets currently total less than <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">$25 billion</a>.</p></li><li><p>Stablecoins: Based on Standard Chartered&#8217;s October 2026 estimate, global stablecoin supply is projected to grow from about <a href="https://www.theblock.co/news/web3/2026-10-14-standard-chartered-stablecoin-market-report-418578">$309 billion</a> today to <a href="https://www.theblock.co/news/web3/2026-10-14-standard-chartered-stablecoin-market-report-418578">$2 trillion</a> by 2030. Figures for 2027 to 2029 are interpolated assuming compound annual growth of about 60%.</p></li><li><p>Domestic market size formula: global market forecast &#215; Korea&#8217;s share of global GDP (1.58%) &#215; KRW/USD exchange rate (<a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?locations=KR">KRW 1,422.44</a>).</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png" width="1456" height="1069" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1069,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9rgV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e770bc2-3994-41bb-8b26-e53af90b4bed_2048x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>By 2030, tokenized assets are estimated at KRW 315.0 trillion (about $221.5 billion) and stablecoins at KRW 45.0 trillion (about $31.6 billion). </strong></p><p>The KRW 360 trillion figure for 2030 is the potential market size if Korea&#8217;s share of global tokenization matches its share of the world economy. Actual growth may differ depending on when the implementing regulations under the Electronic Securities Act and the Capital Markets Act are finalized and how broadly they allow tokenization.</p><h2><strong>3. How Korean Financial Institutions Are Preparing</strong></h2><p>Korea&#8217;s financial sector is adapting quickly as digital assets enter the regulatory framework. In January 2026, the token securities bills (amendments to the Electronic Securities Act and the Capital Markets Act) passed the National Assembly, with implementation set for February 2027. The Financial Services Commission has also announced that standardized securities such as private MMFs and corporate bonds sold only to institutional investors will be the first allowed to be tokenized.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png" width="1456" height="1894" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1894,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_D6a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5aa39135-10c1-4ed4-ad18-78663c313028_1574x2048.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 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21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png" width="1456" height="1183" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1183,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QPCG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd910c120-f853-4ae0-9e57-47dd9b778738_2048x1664.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Major traditional financial institutions are building infrastructure and testing it in practice ahead of the new rules. Their response can be grouped into four areas.</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Sector infrastructure and pilots: </strong>Securities firms are focusing on issuance and distribution infrastructure for token securities (STO), while banks, card companies, and insurers are running payment and settlement proofs of concept (PoCs) using KRW stablecoins and tokenized deposits.</p></li><li><p><strong>Strategic equity stakes: </strong>Financial institutions have invested about KRW 2.35 trillion (about $1.7 billion) in stakes in crypto exchanges, and the entry of regulated financial capital is intensifying competition for market leadership.</p></li><li><p><strong>Shift toward traditional financial assets: </strong>Firms are moving away from fractional investment in non-standard assets such as real estate and art, where profitability was limited, toward tokenizing traditional financial assets with large issuance volumes and existing liquidity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Tokenization of standardized securities and high-value real-world assets:</strong> Firms are competing to tokenize not only standardized securities such as government bonds, corporate bonds, and private MMFs, but also real-world assets that retain value, such as intellectual property (IP) and wine.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Korean financial institutions are working with global blockchain and technology companies to make their systems interoperable with global networks and to test infrastructure that meets regulatory requirements.</strong></p><p>Shinhan Financial Group has partnered with Solana, Visa, and Etherfuse; KB Financial Group with Securitize, Canton, and BNY; Hana Financial Group with BitGo; and the Kyobo group (Kyobo Life and Kyobo Securities) with Ripple, Circle, and SBI. Through these partnerships, Korean institutions are building systems that work with global standards.</p><p><strong>These partnerships are likely to be a major factor in the market reaching KRW 360 trillion by 2030. Korea&#8217;s crypto market is preparing to move past fee-driven stagnation, and that transition will depend on building infrastructure and compliance systems in time for the 2027 regulatory rollout.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/2026-korea-crypto-industry-guide-eng">2026 Korea Crypto Market Guide</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/retail-investor-landscape-across-eng">Retail Investor Landscape Across 9 Asian Markets</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/2025-malaysia-web3-market-report-eng">Malaysia Crypto Market 2025: The Hidden Force Behind Global Web3 Giants</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[한국 토큰화 자산(RWA) 및 스테이블코인 시장 전망]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#54620;&#44397; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;(RWA)&#183;&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; 2030&#45380; 360&#51312; &#50896;&#50640; &#51060;&#47480;&#45796;&#45716; &#51116;&#49328;&#51221; &#44208;&#44284;. &#44144;&#47000;&#45824;&#44552; &#44553;&#44048; &#49549; &#49888;&#54620;&#183;KB&#183;&#54616;&#45208;&#183;&#44368;&#48372;&#44032; 2027&#45380; &#51228;&#46020; &#49884;&#54665;&#51012; &#50526;&#46160;&#44256; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#50880;&#51649;&#51060;&#45716;&#51648; &#51221;&#47532;&#54664;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/253-billion-by-2030-koreas-tokenized-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 12:33:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/220846176/3e1e933f7a4658531d114f59aa48d8db.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#44397;&#45236; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692; &#44144;&#47000; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#44396;&#51312;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#47484; &#44537;&#48373;&#54616;&#44256; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#48143; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; &#52404;&#51656; &#44060;&#49440;&#51060; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;</p></li><li><p>&#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#51204;&#47581;&#44284; &#54620;&#44397; &#44221;&#51228; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; &#48152;&#50689;&#54624; &#46412;, 2030&#45380; &#44397;&#45236; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328; &#48143; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#52509; 360&#51312; &#50896;(&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328; 315&#51312; &#50896;, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; 45&#51312; &#50896;)&#50640; &#51060;&#47484; &#51204;&#47581;</p></li><li><p>&#51452;&#50836; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51008; 2027&#45380; &#51228;&#46020; &#49884;&#54665;&#50640; &#48156;&#47582;&#52628;&#50612; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44396;&#52629;, &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;, &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901;(&#49888;&#54620;, KB, &#54616;&#45208;, &#44368;&#48372;&#51613;&#44428; &#46321;)&#51012; &#51201;&#44537; &#52628;&#51652; &#51473;&#51060;&#47728;, &#51060;&#45716; 360&#51312; &#50896; &#49884;&#51109; &#46020;&#50557;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44053;&#47141;&#54620; &#52628;&#51652;&#52404; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#54624; &#44163;</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. &#44144;&#47000; &#51473;&#49900; &#44396;&#51312;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#50752; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49457;&#51109; &#46041;&#47141;</strong></h2><p><strong>&#44397;&#45236; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#44284; &#47588;&#47588; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#49688;&#51061;&#50640; &#51032;&#51316;&#54616;&#45716; &#44396;&#51312;&#47196; &#51064;&#54644; &#49457;&#51109;&#51060; &#51221;&#52404;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#48152;&#47732;, &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44592;&#51316; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064;&#54868;&#54616;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#48143; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51473;&#49900;&#51004;&#47196; &#52404;&#51656; &#44060;&#49440;&#51012; &#51060;&#47336;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>2026&#45380; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#44592;&#51456; &#44397;&#45236; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#44144;&#47000; &#44032;&#45733; &#44228;&#51221; &#49688;&#45716; <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">1,118&#47564; &#44060;</a>&#47196; &#52509;&#51064;&#44396;&#51032; 20%&#47484; &#49345;&#54924;&#54616;&#45208;, &#51649;&#51204; &#48152;&#44592; &#45824;&#48708; &#51613;&#44032;&#50984;&#51008; <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">0.4%</a>&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54616;&#45796;. &#44057;&#51008; &#44592;&#44036; &#51068;&#54217;&#44512; &#44144;&#47000;&#45824;&#44552; &#50669;&#49884; 2024&#45380; &#54616;&#48152;&#44592; <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/84618">7.3&#51312; &#50896;</a>&#50640;&#49436; 2026&#45380; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; <a href="https://www.fsc.go.kr/no010101/87835">3.1&#51312; &#50896;</a>&#51004;&#47196; &#52629;&#49548;&#46104;&#50612; &#54788; &#44396;&#51312;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#47749;&#54869;&#54644;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png" width="1456" height="969" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:969,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C3z2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc0846aca-b503-413b-be42-9c187617bfd8_2048x1363.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#44228;&#51221; &#49688; &#52628;&#51221; &#44208;&#44284;, &#44032;&#51109; &#45209;&#44288;&#51201;&#51064; Bull &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; 2030&#45380; &#44228;&#51221; &#49688; &#49457;&#51109;&#47456;&#51008; 2026&#45380; &#45824;&#48708; 13% &#49688;&#51456;&#50640; &#44536;&#52828;&#45796;. &#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#45800;&#49692; &#44144;&#47000; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#47784;&#45944;&#50640;&#49436; &#48279;&#50612;&#45208;, &#49892;&#47932; &#51088;&#49328;&#44284;&#51032; &#50672;&#44228;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#48143; &#44208;&#51228;&#183;&#51221;&#49328; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47196;&#49436;&#51032; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#54645;&#49900; &#49457;&#51109; &#46041;&#47141;&#51004;&#47196; &#54869;&#48372;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51593;, &#44144;&#47000; &#44228;&#51221; &#49688;&#45716; &#50976;&#51648;&#46104;&#45908;&#46972;&#46020; &#44144;&#47000; &#45824;&#44552;&#51060; &#53356;&#44172; &#51460;&#50612;&#46308;&#47732;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#50640;&#47564; &#51032;&#51316;&#54616;&#45716; &#49688;&#51061; &#44396;&#51312;&#51032; &#54620;&#44228;&#44032; &#47749;&#54869;&#54644;&#51652;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#54788;&#51116; &#44396;&#49457;&#50640;&#49436; &#48279;&#50612;&#45208; &#54644;&#50808;&#50752; &#44057;&#51060; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49884;&#51109; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#48156;&#44404;&#54644;&#50556; &#54624; &#54596;&#50836;&#49457;&#51060; &#52964;&#51648;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><strong>&#51060;&#50640; &#48376; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#51088;&#49328; &#51088;&#52404;&#44032; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#50734;&#44200;&#50724;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#48143; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48120;&#47000; &#44032;&#45733;&#49457;&#51012; &#51665;&#51473;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51312;&#47749;&#54616;&#44256;&#51088; &#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328; &#48143; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#47581;</strong></h2><p>&#54616;&#45208;&#44552;&#50997;&#44221;&#50689;&#50672;&#44396;&#49548;&#45716; 2023&#45380; 2&#50900; &#48156;&#44036;&#54620; <a href="https://www.hanaif.re.kr/boardDetail.do?hmpeSeqNo=35582">&#12300;&#53664;&#53360;&#51613;&#44428; &#49884;&#45824;&#51032; &#44060;&#47561;&#12301;</a> &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#50640;&#49436; BCG&#51032; 2022&#45380; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#51204;&#47581;&#51012; &#44592;&#48152;&#51004;&#47196; 2030&#45380; &#44397;&#45236; &#53664;&#53360;&#51613;&#44428; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; <a href="https://www.hanaif.re.kr/boardDetail.do?hmpeSeqNo=35582">367&#51312; &#50896;</a>(&#48512;&#46041;&#49328; &#54252;&#54632;)&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#51221;&#54620; &#48148; &#51080;&#45796;. &#45796;&#47564; &#54644;&#45817; &#48516;&#49437;&#51008; &#44284;&#44144; &#51088;&#47308;&#50640; &#44592;&#48152;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#48064;&#47196;, &#52572;&#49888; &#49884;&#51109; &#53944;&#47116;&#46300;&#50752; BCG&#51032; 2026&#45380; &#49888;&#44508; &#51204;&#47581;&#52824;&#47484; &#48152;&#50689;&#54620; &#51116;&#52628;&#51221;&#51060; &#54596;&#50836;&#54616;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#50640; &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; BCG&#51032; 2026&#45380; &#52572;&#49888; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436; &#48143; &#52572;&#49888; &#44221;&#51228; &#51648;&#54364;&#47484; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#50668; &#44397;&#45236; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; &#51116;&#49328;&#52636;&#54616;&#50688;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620;, &#44592;&#51316; &#54616;&#45208;&#44552;&#50997;&#44221;&#50689;&#50672;&#44396;&#49548; &#52628;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#50808;&#46104;&#50632;&#45912; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#49828;&#53472;&#45796;&#46300;&#52264;&#53440;&#46300;(SC)&#51032; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#51204;&#47581;&#52824;&#47484; &#52628;&#44032; &#48152;&#50689;&#54616;&#50668; &#53685;&#54633; &#48516;&#49437;&#51012; &#51652;&#54665;&#54616;&#50688;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#47581;&#51032; &#51452;&#50836; &#52636;&#52376; &#48143; &#51204;&#51228;&#45716; &#45796;&#51020;&#44284; &#44057;&#45796;.</p><ol><li><p><strong>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;: </strong>BCG &#12300;Global Asset Management Report 2026&#12301;(&#48288;&#51060;&#49828; &#49884;&#45208;&#47532;&#50724;)&#50640; &#46384;&#47476;&#47732;, &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328;(RWA) &#49884;&#44032;&#52509;&#50529;&#51008; 2027&#45380; <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">2.3&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#50640;&#49436; 2030&#45380; <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">14&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#47196; &#49457;&#51109;&#54624; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45796;. (&#44397;&#52292;&#183;&#54924;&#49324;&#52292;&#183;&#50976;&#46041;&#54868;&#51613;&#44428;&#183;&#45800;&#44592;&#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408;&#183;&#50896;&#51088;&#51116;&#183;&#49345;&#51109;&#51452;&#49885; &#48143; &#45824;&#52404;&#53804;&#51088; &#54252;&#54632;, &#48512;&#46041;&#49328;&#183;&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#51228;&#50808;. &#54788;&#51116; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; <a href="https://www.bcg.com/publications/2026/an-imperative-for-growth-and-the-new-economics-of-asset-management">250&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</a> &#48120;&#47564;)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;: </strong>Standard Chartered(2026.10) &#52628;&#51221;&#52824; &#44592;&#51456;, &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#44277;&#44553;&#50529;&#51008; &#54788;&#51116; &#50557; <a href="https://www.theblock.co/news/web3/2026-10-14-standard-chartered-stablecoin-market-report-418578">3,090&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#50640;&#49436; 2030&#45380; <a href="https://www.theblock.co/news/web3/2026-10-14-standard-chartered-stablecoin-market-report-418578">2&#51312; &#45804;&#47084;</a>&#47196; &#54869;&#45824;&#46112; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45796;. (2027~2029&#45380;&#51008; &#50672;&#54217;&#44512; &#50557; 60% &#48373;&#47532; &#49457;&#51109;&#47456; &#44032;&#51221;&#54620; &#48372;&#44036;&#48277; &#49328;&#52636;)</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44397;&#45236; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784; &#49328;&#49885;: </strong>&#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#47581; &#215; &#54620;&#44397; GDP &#48708;&#51473;(1.58%) &#215; &#50896;&#183;&#45804;&#47084; &#54872;&#50984;(<a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?locations=KR">1,422.44&#50896;</a>)</p></li></ol><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png" width="1456" height="1069" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1069,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D1Mj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f3b964a-bb2b-4cda-b3ef-53b7fe81e871_2048x1504.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#49464;&#48512;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; 2030&#45380; &#44592;&#51456; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; 315.0&#51312; &#50896;, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51060; 45.0&#51312; &#50896; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; &#54805;&#49457;&#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#49328;&#46108;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;&#51032; &#44221;&#50864; &#45824;&#52404;&#53804;&#51088;&#44032; 77.1&#51312; &#50896;(24.5%)&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#51109; &#53360; &#48708;&#51473;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54616;&#47728;, &#50976;&#46041;&#54868;&#51613;&#44428; 67.0&#51312; &#50896;(21.3%), &#54924;&#49324;&#52292; &#48143; &#50896;&#51088;&#51116;&#183;&#49345;&#51109;&#51452;&#49885; &#44033;&#44033; 53.6&#51312; &#50896;(17.0%), &#45800;&#44592;&#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408; 33.5&#51312; &#50896;(10.6%), &#44397;&#52292; 30.2&#51312; &#50896;(9.6%) &#49692;&#51004;&#47196; &#44396;&#49457;&#46112; &#51204;&#47581;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#51012; &#51228;&#50808;&#54620; &#49692;&#49688; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; 2030&#45380; &#44592;&#51456; 315&#51312; &#50896; &#49688;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50526;&#49436; &#50616;&#44553;&#54620; &#54616;&#45208;&#44552;&#50997;&#44221;&#50689;&#50672;&#44396;&#49548;&#51032; <a href="https://www.hanaif.re.kr/boardDetail.do?hmpeSeqNo=35582">367&#51312; &#50896;</a> &#52628;&#51221;&#52824;&#45716; &#48512;&#46041;&#49328;&#51012; &#54252;&#54632;&#54620; &#49688;&#52824;&#51060;&#48064;&#47196;, &#48376; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#52628;&#51221; &#48276;&#50948;(&#48512;&#46041;&#49328; &#51228;&#50808;)&#50640; &#48512;&#46041;&#49328; &#51088;&#49328;&#51012; &#54252;&#54632;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864; &#49884;&#51109; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#45908;&#50865; &#52964;&#51656; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#49324;&#47308;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51088;&#49328; &#50976;&#54805;&#48324;&#47196;&#45716; 2030&#45380; &#44592;&#51456; &#45824;&#52404;&#53804;&#51088;&#44032; 77.1&#51312; &#50896;&#51004;&#47196; &#44032;&#51109; &#53360; &#48708;&#51473;&#51012; &#52264;&#51648;&#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#50696;&#49345;&#46104;&#47728;, &#50976;&#46041;&#54868;&#51613;&#44428;&#51060; 67.0&#51312; &#50896;&#51004;&#47196; &#46244;&#47484; &#51060;&#50632;&#45796;. &#54924;&#49324;&#52292;&#50752; &#50896;&#51088;&#51116;&#183;&#49345;&#51109;&#51452;&#49885;&#183;&#44592;&#53440; &#51613;&#44428; &#48512;&#47928;&#51008; &#44033;&#44033; 53.6&#51312; &#50896; &#44508;&#47784;&#47484; &#54805;&#49457;&#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#49328;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>2030&#45380; 360&#51312; &#50896; &#45804;&#49457;&#51008; &#54620;&#44397; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#44221;&#51228; &#44508;&#47784;&#50640; &#47582;&#52628;&#50612; &#50504;&#51221;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49688;&#50857;&#54624; &#46412; &#46020;&#45804; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#51104;&#51116; &#44508;&#47784;&#45796;.</strong> &#51204;&#51088;&#51613;&#44428;&#48277; &#48143; &#51088;&#48376;&#49884;&#51109;&#48277; &#54616;&#50948;&#48277;&#44508; &#44060;&#51221; &#46321; &#51228;&#46020; &#51221;&#48708; &#49884;&#51216;&#44284; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#54728;&#50857; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#49892;&#51228; &#49457;&#51109; &#49549;&#46020;&#44032; &#49345;&#51060;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>3. &#44397;&#45236; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#45824;&#51025; &#54788;&#54889; &#48143; &#49892;&#47924;&#51201; &#49884;&#49324;&#51216;</strong></h2><p>&#44397;&#45236; &#44552;&#50997;&#49884;&#51109; &#50669;&#49884; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;&#51088;&#49328; &#51228;&#46020;&#54868;&#50640; &#45824;&#51025;&#54644; &#49888;&#49549;&#54620; &#52404;&#51656; &#44060;&#49440;&#50640; &#45208;&#49436;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. 2026&#45380; 1&#50900; &#53664;&#53360;&#51613;&#44428; &#44288;&#47144; &#48277;&#50504;(&#51204;&#51088;&#51613;&#44428;&#48277;&#183;&#51088;&#48376;&#49884;&#51109;&#48277; &#44060;&#51221;&#50504;)&#51060; &#44397;&#54924;&#47484; &#53685;&#44284;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; 2027&#45380; 2&#50900; &#48277;&#51201; &#49884;&#54665;&#51060; &#54869;&#51221;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#44552;&#50997;&#50948;&#50896;&#54924;&#45716; &#44592;&#44288; &#51204;&#50857; &#49324;&#47784; MMF &#48143; &#49324;&#52292; &#46321; &#51221;&#54805;&#54868;&#46108; &#44552;&#50997;&#49345;&#54408;&#51032; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#47484; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#50688;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xaUU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe96f700b-b6e5-47ce-8fdc-5e07a7257d44_1629x2048.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xaUU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe96f700b-b6e5-47ce-8fdc-5e07a7257d44_1629x2048.png 424w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xaUU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe96f700b-b6e5-47ce-8fdc-5e07a7257d44_1629x2048.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xaUU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe96f700b-b6e5-47ce-8fdc-5e07a7257d44_1629x2048.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xaUU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe96f700b-b6e5-47ce-8fdc-5e07a7257d44_1629x2048.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9i_7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d7cde86-3131-4936-86d7-cd00bd3d4c19_2048x1664.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9i_7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d7cde86-3131-4936-86d7-cd00bd3d4c19_2048x1664.png 424w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9i_7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d7cde86-3131-4936-86d7-cd00bd3d4c19_2048x1664.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9i_7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d7cde86-3131-4936-86d7-cd00bd3d4c19_2048x1664.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9i_7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d7cde86-3131-4936-86d7-cd00bd3d4c19_2048x1664.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#51060;&#50640; &#48156;&#47582;&#52628;&#50612; &#51452;&#50836; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51008; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44396;&#52629;&#44284; &#49892;&#47924; &#44160;&#51613;&#51012; &#48376;&#44201;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#51652;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#54788;&#51116; &#44397;&#45236; &#44552;&#50997;&#44428;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900; &#45824;&#51025; &#50577;&#49345;&#51008; &#45796;&#51020; 4&#44032;&#51648; &#52629;&#51004;&#47196; &#51221;&#47549;&#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#50629;&#44428;&#48324; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#49440;&#51216; &#48143; &#49892;&#51613;: </strong>&#51613;&#44428;&#50629;&#44428;&#51008; &#53664;&#53360;&#51613;&#44428;(STO) &#48156;&#54665;&#183;&#50976;&#53685; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44396;&#52629;&#50640; &#51452;&#47141;&#54616;&#45716; &#54620;&#54200;, &#51008;&#54665;&#183;&#52852;&#46300;&#183;&#48372;&#54744;&#49324;&#45716; &#50896;&#54868; &#44592;&#48152; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &#48143; &#50696;&#44552;&#53664;&#53360;(Tokenized Deposits)&#51012; &#54876;&#50857;&#54620; &#44208;&#51228;&#183;&#51221;&#49328; &#49892;&#51613;(PoC)&#51012; &#45796;&#44033;&#46020;&#47196; &#51204;&#44060;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088; &#48143; &#51228;&#46020;&#44428; &#51652;&#51077;: </strong>&#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#51032; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#48143; &#44592;&#49696; &#44592;&#50629; &#45824;&#49345; &#51665;&#54665; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#50557; 2&#51312; 3,500&#50613; &#50896;&#50640; &#45804;&#54616;&#47728;, &#51228;&#46020;&#44428; 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&#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51221;&#54805;&#51613;&#44428; &#48143; &#44256;&#44032;&#52824; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;: </strong>&#44397;&#52292;&#183;&#54924;&#49324;&#52292;&#183;&#49324;&#47784; MMF &#46321; &#51221;&#54805;&#51613;&#44428;&#49104;&#47564; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; IP, &#50752;&#51064; &#46321; &#44032;&#52824; &#48372;&#51316;&#49457;&#51060; &#45458;&#51008; &#49892;&#47932;&#51088;&#49328;(RWA)&#51012; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#50728;&#52404;&#51064;&#54868;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54620; &#44221;&#51137;&#51060; &#49900;&#54868;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44397;&#45236; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#46308;&#51008; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#44592;&#50629; &#48143; &#44592;&#49696; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#44284;&#51032; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#49345;&#54840; &#50868;&#50857;&#49457;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54616;&#44256; &#44508;&#51228; &#54364;&#51456;&#50640; &#48512;&#54633;&#54616;&#45716; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#50672;&#46041; &#48143; &#44592;&#49696; &#49892;&#51613;&#51012; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#52628;&#51652;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#45824;&#54364;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#49888;&#54620;&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#49556;&#46972;&#45208;&#183;&#48708;&#51088;&#183;&#51060;&#45908;&#54504;&#51592;, KB&#44552;&#50997;&#51008; &#49884;&#53328;&#47532;&#53440;&#51060;&#51592;&#183;&#52884;&#53668;&#183;BNY&#47708;&#47200;, &#54616;&#45208;&#51008;&#54665;&#51008; &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;, &#44368;&#48372;&#51613;&#44428;&#51008; &#47532;&#54540;&#183;&#49436;&#53364;&#183;SBI &#46321;&#44284; &#54801;&#47141; &#52404;&#44228;&#47484; &#44396;&#52629;&#54616;&#50688;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44544;&#47196;&#48268; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901; &#49884;&#46020;&#45716; 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href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Era of Industry: Q3 2026 Crypto Industry Investment Report]]></title><description><![CDATA[Q3 2026 crypto VC report: Bitcoin&#8217;s best Q3 since 2017 did not revive startup funding. Seed deals hit a low, Series C surged, and capital chased TradFi rails.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 13:30:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/219420803/d0e5ef67962e2719324fabb5f44aed4f.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>The number of M&amp;A deals held steady, but large acquisitions gave way to smaller deals that add specific capabilities, such as licenses, payments, and institutional trading.</p></li><li><p>Established lead VCs lost influence over deal terms, while strategic investors became more active, including CEX-affiliated VCs seeking to grow their own CEX and blockchain ecosystems.</p></li><li><p>Seed and other early-stage rounds contracted, while capital concentrated in Series A to C rounds of companies that had already proven their business through revenue and licenses.</p></li><li><p>Venture equity investment declined, while financing based on cash flow, such as bond issuance, credit lines, and SPAC listings, expanded.</p></li><li><p>Capital concentrated in areas connected to traditional finance and real-world use, such as payments, stablecoins, tokenized securities, and AI-related infrastructure, rather than in standalone blockchain ecosystems.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. Opportunities Shift Toward Institutions as the Market Rebounds</strong></h2><p><strong>Crypto market sentiment turned from fear to greed in Q3 2026.</strong></p><p>Bitcoin, which had declined for two consecutive quarters in the first half, rose 43% in Q3, its strongest third quarter since 2017, and US spot bitcoin ETFs recorded $6.34 billion in net inflows. The Crypto Fear &amp; Greed Index, which had stayed in extreme fear throughout the first half, entered greed territory on August 20 and remained there for most of September.</p><p><strong>Disclosed deal values, however, show that the rebound did not translate into more investment in crypto companies.</strong></p><p><strong>The capital that returned with rising prices went into crypto assets directly, while corporate investment, which ties up capital for years, did not move with short-term sentiment. The following sections examine the main changes in Q3.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. Five Key Shifts in Q3</strong></h2><ol><li><p><strong>M&amp;A: From Expansion Deals to Capability Acquisitions</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>VC Market: Lead Investors Lose Ground as Strategic Capital Grows</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Funding Stages: Early-Stage Caution and a Focus on Proven Businesses</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Financing: Listings and Debt Expand Beyond Equity</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Sectors: Capital Concentrates in Infrastructure Linked to Traditional Finance</strong></p></li></ol><h3><strong>2.1. M&amp;A: From Expansion Deals to Capability Acquisitions</strong></h3><p>The number of M&amp;A deals in Q3 matched the first-half pace, but deal size fell sharply.</p><p>M&amp;A deals totaled 39 in Q1, 36 in Q2, and 37 in Q3, while deal size appears to have declined. Data from Architect Partners, an M&amp;A advisory firm that tracks crypto deals independently, shows that crypto M&amp;A deal count fell 7% quarter-on-quarter in Q3 while deal value fell 83%.</p><p>Deal size fell because the targets changed. In the first half, the market was driven by deals that bought entire companies to build new business lines, such as Mastercard&#8217;s $1.8 billion acquisition of BVNK. Q3 acquisitions instead filled gaps in the buyers&#8217; existing businesses.</p><p>Circle agreed to acquire Tazapay, a Singapore-based cross-border payments company, MoonPay agreed to acquire North Capital, which holds US securities licenses, and BitGo acquired NYDIG&#8217;s institutional trading business.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png" width="1456" height="739" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:739,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sk3d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e309c8a-1df5-43b5-a8af-893f4d453a6f_2048x1039.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Obtaining licenses and proving a capability in-house takes a long time, while an acquisition provides both immediately. With the industry&#8217;s operating structure still taking shape, that time saving has become a competitive advantage. The focus of M&amp;A is moving quickly from expansion into new businesses toward acquisitions that add specific capabilities.</p><h3><strong>2.2. VC Market: Lead Investors Lose Ground as Strategic Capital Grows</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png" width="1456" height="668" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:668,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!668k!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff88d813a-8129-4c0f-b39c-82e59d86c0b4_2048x939.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The influence of the main lead investors declined noticeably. The five most active lead investors since 2024 (Polychain, Pantera Capital, Hack VC, Paradigm, and a16z) led an average of 2.0 deals per month in Q3, down from 3.7 in the first half. </p><p>These firms had directly led 50% to 75% of the deals they joined and set valuations for the market, and their control over rounds is now weakening.</p><p>YZi Labs (formerly Binance Labs), by contrast, joined 14 deals, nearly three times its first-half monthly pace, followed by Coinbase Ventures with 12.</p><p>CEX-affiliated VCs increased their participation because their investment objectives differ structurally. Financial VCs aim for capital gains from rising equity or asset values, while CEX-affiliated VCs gain additional benefits, such as higher trading volume and new users, when their portfolio projects settle on the firm&#8217;s own CEX or blockchain, such as BNB Chain or Base.</p><p>These firms therefore have a clear reason to keep investing even when prices and valuations are uncertain. As a result, Q3 rounds reflected the influence of strategic investors seeking to grow their own platforms more than that of financial investors who set prices.</p><p>The Q3 VC market shows a shift from financial investment aimed at high returns toward strategic investment that creates business and ecosystem synergies.</p><h3><strong>2.3. Funding Stages: Early-Stage Caution and a Focus on Proven Businesses</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png" width="1456" height="947" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:947,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ShJg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb85c3937-efbe-4bf9-93d3-cfbc52330c9d_2048x1332.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Investors were reluctant to take on unproven risk. Seed deals accounted for 15.0% of all deals, the lowest quarterly share since 2024, and the monthly number of seed deals fell 28%, more than twice the 13% decline in total deals.</p><p>Disclosed investment in Series A to C rounds rose 29% on a monthly basis, and Series C funding in Q3 alone exceeded the total for the entire first half.</p><p>Early-stage investing spreads capital across many small projects and relies on a few successes for high returns. For that model to work, later investors must keep buying equity or tokens at higher valuations.</p><p>With corporate investment more cautious across the board in Q3, expectations for such follow-on investment appear to have weakened. Investors instead concentrated capital in expansion rounds for companies whose businesses had already been proven through revenue and licenses.</p><p><strong>Jeeves and EDX Markets, both of which raised Series C rounds in Q3, are payments and trading infrastructure companies, which reflects the same pattern. The market&#8217;s investment criteria are moving from token issuance schedules to evidence of a working business.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.4. Financing: Listings and Debt Expand Beyond Equity</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png" width="1456" height="1071" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1071,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PXPU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F148c8efa-28f9-461f-ad79-52e5cb15b043_2048x1507.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Large sums in Q3 also came from outside venture equity. Of the 13 deals worth $100 million or more, four involved a listing or debt.</p><p>Securitize listed on the New York Stock Exchange through a SPAC merger, and Ripple Prime issued $275 million in unsecured senior notes. On a monthly basis, venture and strategic equity investment fell 24%, while debt financing rose from $70 million to $190 million and listing proceeds rose from $80 million to $150 million.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png" width="1456" height="899" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:899,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46Sf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9334af7d-cc0e-4988-994f-9f2155f5d55f_2048x1265.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bonds and listings require either the ability to repay or a valuation from public markets. In the first half, debt financing came mainly from bitcoin treasury companies such as Metaplanet borrowing to buy bitcoin.</p><p>In Q3, businesses with cash flow, such as prime brokerage, remittance, and stablecoin lending, borrowed to grow their operations. The basis for repayment moved from the bitcoin price to business cash flow. Some companies can now raise capital as ordinary businesses do, without venture investment, which may narrow the role of VCs to the early stage.</p><h3><strong>2.5. Sectors: Capital Concentrates in Infrastructure Linked to Traditional Finance</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png" width="1456" height="1250" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1250,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iTOV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa680f0ef-e4db-475f-9f04-2bb37fcc8bea_2048x1758.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>By sector, Q3 capital went to areas that connect traditional finance with the crypto ecosystem rather than to new layer 1 and layer 2 protocols.</p><p>The infrastructure sector&#8217;s share of disclosed investment more than doubled from 8.1% in the first half to 18.2%. The increase came from AI-related deals rather than new blockchain mainnets, led by Ionic Digital, which moved its business into AI data centers, and Prime Intellect, an AI training infrastructure company.</p><p>About half of the capital classified as &#8220;other&#8221; went to tokenized securities infrastructure such as Securitize and Alpaca, and payments and stablecoins was the only sector whose share held steady.</p><p>Sectors with little connection to traditional finance, by contrast, attracted much less capital. A single deal, Polymarket at about $300 million, accounted for 91% of Q3 investment in prediction markets. DeFi investment fell 71% along with a lower deal count, leaving the sector with 3.0% of the total, and the largest DeFi deal was Cari Network, a deposit token network backed by US regional banks. Custody attracted no new investment, and activity was limited to consolidation among established firms, such as BitGo&#8217;s acquisition of NYDIG&#8217;s trading business.</p><p>In Q3, capital went only to established firms that already held licenses and regulatory approvals, or to projects connected to banks and other traditional financial institutions. Investment moved clearly away from projects building new crypto ecosystems and toward the distribution channels and infrastructure through which traditional financial capital enters the crypto market.</p><h2><strong>3. Implications for Each Market Participant</strong></h2><p>Despite the price rebound, capital flowing into crypto companies remained tight in Q3. Capital instead changed its targets: small acquisitions that add specific capabilities replaced large deals, and strategic investors seeking to grow their own platforms became more prominent than financial lead investors.</p><p><strong>Capital also concentrated in companies that had proven their business through revenue and licenses rather than in early-stage projects. As the trend toward control and fundamentals described in the previous report continues, the following sections set out the main tasks for each group of market participants.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.1. Crypto Companies and Founders</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Prepare for longer early-stage fundraising: </strong>Seed deal count fell faster than the market average in Q3. Before the next round, companies should recalculate their runway conservatively so that they can reach concrete milestones such as revenue, licenses, or major partnerships.</p></li><li><p><strong>Review the terms of strategic investment: </strong>Capital from CEX-affiliated VCs continues to flow in, but it may come with conditions such as commitments to a specific CEX or blockchain. Companies should check in advance whether these conditions could restrict future financial investment or a sale of the company.</p></li><li><p><strong>Build regulatory and licensing capabilities: </strong>Recent acquirers have focused on capabilities they can use immediately, such as securities licenses, payment networks, and trading infrastructure, rather than on whole companies. Companies considering a sale or partnership should define their core capabilities and how those fit a potential partner&#8217;s business.</p></li><li><p><strong>Use a wider range of financing: </strong>Companies with stable cash flow can consider traditional financing, such as bond issuance or credit lines, to limit equity dilution.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3.2. Traditional Financial Institutions and Corporations</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Enter the market through acquisitions: </strong>For new crypto businesses, acquiring a specialist company with licenses and operating experience can be more efficient than building infrastructure in-house. M&amp;A focused on infrastructure, licenses, and trading capabilities continues to increase.</p></li><li><p><strong>Value deals on actual terms: </strong>Disclosed deal values alone do not show how the market values these businesses. Buyers should prioritize fit with their own business and work with specialist advisers to test whether a deal can create value beyond its price.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3.3. Investors and Retail Participants</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Read funding news with care: </strong>A VC funding announcement should not be read as an automatic buy signal. The large token sales and outsized trading gains of the past are harder to expect in the current market, and retail investors should recognize the limited upside of early-stage positions.</p></li><li><p><strong>Evaluate projects on fundamentals: </strong>Projects should be assessed on revenue structure, regulatory compliance, and links to traditional finance rather than on token issuance schedules or short-term news.</p></li></ul><p>The crypto market is moving beyond short-term expectations toward demonstrating real value and practical use. Some investors may regret this change, but the market&#8217;s transition into an industry can be seen as a healthy development.</p><p>Market participants that recognize this structural change and strengthen their core competitiveness and risk management will be better prepared for the next phase of the market.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>Read more reports related to this research.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-age-of-control-crypto-venture-eng">The Age of Control: Crypto Venture Capital in H1 2026</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Data and Methodology</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>Data source: </strong>Data from January 2024 to September 2026 is based on the RootData API (3,515 funding rounds), dated by the RootData registration date. Ionic Digital and Gauntlet, which closed in June but were announced in July, are included in Q3. Of the 195 Q3 records in RootData, two that were not investments (a DEX launch partnership between Robinhood and dYdX Labs, and membership in an Ethereum institutional consortium) were excluded, leaving 193 deals for analysis.</p></li><li><p><strong>Amount basis:</strong> Amounts in this report are the sum of deals with disclosed amounts (112 of 193 deals in Q3, and 286 of 441 deals in the first half). Deals without disclosed amounts are not included, so actual deal volume is larger than the figures shown. A Raven round recorded in RootData at $90 million was excluded because the original source showed that figure to be a valuation rather than an investment amount.</p></li><li><p><strong>M&amp;A amounts:</strong> Disclosed M&amp;A amounts and M&amp;A&#8217;s share of the decline (83%) are based only on deals with amounts recorded in RootData. Deals whose amounts were disclosed but not recorded in RootData, such as Circle and Tazapay ($400 million, per an SEC filing) and Mirae Asset and Korbit (about KRW 141.4 billion, or approximately $100 million), are noted separately in the text. The Q3 M&amp;A comparison refers to quarterly data from Architect Partners.</p></li><li><p><strong>Financing types:</strong> M&amp;A follows the RootData round type. Listing proceeds include IPOs, post-IPO financing, and the Securitize listing. Debt includes Debt Financing, the Ripple Prime notes, and the debt portion of the F&#233;lix Pago round. Token sales include OTC and Public Sale rounds. All remaining deals are classified as venture and strategic equity investment, which also includes purchases of existing shareholders&#8217; stakes, such as Hana Financial Group and Samsung Securities buying stakes in Dunamu in the first half.</p></li><li><p><strong>First-half and Q3 comparison: </strong>Because the two periods differ in length (six months and three months), deal counts and amounts were converted to monthly averages for comparison. First-half figures were recalculated to reflect RootData&#8217;s subsequent data corrections (441 deals, previously 435).</p></li><li><p><strong>Funding stages: </strong>Figures by stage, such as Seed and Series A to C, include only deals with a stage recorded in RootData (143 of 193 deals in Q3). For example, Fasset&#8217;s Series C and Augustus&#8217;s Series B are excluded from stage figures because RootData does not record their stage.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sector classification: </strong>Each deal is assigned to a single sector based on RootData project tags, giving priority to sectors with more specific business models in the following order: prediction markets, CEX, custody, payments and stablecoins, DeFi, gaming, NFT, social and entertainment, and infrastructure. Large deals without tags were classified manually after reviewing the business, and deals that fit no sector were counted as other.</p></li><li><p><strong>Institutional participation deals:</strong> Deals in which at least one investor classified by RootData as a corporate or institutional entity participated. This is the same basis as &#8220;deals with traditional financial institution participation&#8221; in the previous report.</p></li><li><p><strong>Deals with direct participation by traditional financial institutions: </strong>Deals in which at least one bank, securities firm, asset manager, exchange operator, payment network, credit rating or data company, traditional market maker, or venture arm of one of these participated. Deals without investor information in RootData are not counted, so this share is a conservative figure. For example, Hana Financial Group and Samsung Securities&#8217; acquisition of stakes in Dunamu in the first half and US regional banks&#8217; investment in Cari Network in Q3 are excluded because investor information was not available. Investors identified by keyword were reviewed individually, and fintech companies such as PayPal, Stripe, Robinhood, and Nium were excluded from traditional financial institutions.</p></li><li><p><strong>Verification of key deals:</strong> Key Q3 deals named in the text were cross-checked against company press releases, filings, and major media reports. Deals at the agreement stage (S&amp;P Global and OpenZeppelin, Nasdaq and LeveL Markets, and Circle and Tazapay) have not yet closed.</p></li><li><p><strong>Market indicators: </strong>Bitcoin prices and quarterly returns are based on Binance BTC/USDT daily closing prices (UTC). The Crypto Fear &amp; Greed Index is from Alternative.me, and US spot bitcoin ETF net flows are from SoSoValue data as cited by Investing.com. The CLARITY Act vote and the SEC exemption are based on the US Senate vote record and reports of the SEC announcement.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>About RootData</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.rootdata.com/">RootData</a> is a Web3 asset data platform launched in early 2022 that provides a structured investment and fundraising database for crypto investors and founders. It currently handles more than 3.4 million search requests per month and is used by more than 2 million crypto users. RootData&#8217;s data and research are cited by major media outlets and institutions, including The Wall Street Journal, Cointelegraph, Binance Research, and The Block.</p><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>This report has been prepared based on materials believed to be reliable. However, we do not expressly or impliedly warrant the accuracy, completeness, and suitability of the information. We disclaim any liability for any losses arising from the use of this report or its contents. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on information available at the time of preparation and are subject to change without notice. All projects, estimates, forecasts, objectives, opinions, and views expressed in this report are subject to change without notice and may differ from or be contrary to the opinions of others or other organizations.</p><p>This document is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal, business, investment, or tax advice. Any references to securities or digital assets are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute an investment recommendation or an offer to provide investment advisory services. This material is not directed at investors or potential investors.</p><h2><strong>Terms of Usage</strong></h2><p>Tiger Research allows the fair use of its reports. &#8216;Fair use&#8217; is a principle that broadly permits the use of specific content for public interest purposes, as long as it doesn&#8217;t harm the commercial value of the material. If the use aligns with the purpose of fair use, the reports can be utilized without prior permission. However, when citing Tiger Research&#8217;s reports, it is mandatory to 1) clearly state &#8216;Tiger Research&#8217; as the source, 2) include the Tiger Research <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">logo</a>. If the material is to be restructured and published, separate negotiations are required. Unauthorized use of the reports may result in legal action.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[산업의 시대: 2026년 3분기 가상자산 산업 투자 현황 보고서]]></title><description><![CDATA[2026&#45380; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; VC &#53804;&#51088; &#46041;&#54693;. &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064; &#48152;&#46321;&#50640;&#46020; &#44592;&#50629; &#53804;&#51088;&#45716; &#51460;&#50632;&#45796;. &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053;&#54805; M&A, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676; VC, &#49884;&#46300; &#50948;&#52629;, &#48512;&#52292; &#51312;&#45804; &#54869;&#45824;, &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#50144;&#47548;&#51012; &#51221;&#47532;&#54664;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-era-of-industry-q3-2026-crypto-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 13:18:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/219420799/a9177abf107afbdcc5e7ddcb19dd716b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#51204;&#52404; M&amp;A &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; &#51060;&#51204; &#49688;&#51456;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54664;&#51004;&#45208; &#45824;&#54805; &#51064;&#49688;&#44032; &#51460;&#44256; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;, &#44208;&#51228;, &#44592;&#44288; &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46377; &#46321; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053; &#47785;&#51201;&#51032; &#49548;&#44508;&#47784; &#44144;&#47000; &#50948;&#51452;&#47196; &#51116;&#54200;&#46120;.</p></li><li><p>&#51204;&#53685;&#51201;&#51064; &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; &#47532;&#46300; VC&#46308;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428;&#51060; &#50557;&#54868;&#46108; &#48152;&#47732;, &#51088;&#49324; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#48143; &#52404;&#51064; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#47784;&#49353;&#54616;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676; VC &#46321; &#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;(SI)&#51032; &#52280;&#50668;&#44032; &#46160;&#46300;&#47084;&#51664;.</p></li><li><p>&#49884;&#46300; &#46321; &#52488;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#45716; &#50948;&#52629;&#46108; &#48152;&#47732;, &#47588;&#52636;&#44284; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#51060;&#48120; &#51077;&#51613;&#54620; Series A~C &#46321; &#54980;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#50640; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#51665;&#51473;&#46120;.</p></li><li><p>&#51204;&#53685;&#51201;&#51064; &#48292;&#52376; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#44048;&#49548;&#54664;&#51004;&#45208;, &#52292;&#44428; &#48156;&#54665;, &#49888;&#50857; &#54620;&#46020; &#54869;&#48372;, SPAC &#49345;&#51109; &#46321; &#54788;&#44552;&#55120;&#47492;&#50640; &#44592;&#48152;&#54620; &#45824;&#50504; &#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804; &#49688;&#45800;&#51060; &#54869;&#45824;&#46120;.</p></li><li><p>&#46021;&#51088;&#51201;&#51064; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#44208;&#51228;, &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;, &#51613;&#44428; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;, AI &#50672;&#44228; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#46321; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44428; &#48143; &#49892;&#51656; &#50976;&#50857;&#49457;&#44284; &#50672;&#44208;&#46108; &#48516;&#50556;&#47196; &#51088;&#44552; &#50144;&#47548; &#54788;&#49345;&#51060; &#44053;&#54868;&#46120;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. &#49884;&#51109; &#48152;&#46321; &#49549; &#44592;&#44288; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; &#44592;&#54924; &#44060;&#54200;</strong></h2><p><strong>2026&#45380; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#49900;&#47532;&#45716; &#44277;&#54252;&#50640;&#49436; &#53456;&#50837;&#51004;&#47196; &#46028;&#50500;&#49456;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#46160; &#48516;&#44592; &#50672;&#49549; &#54616;&#46973;&#54664;&#45912; &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064;&#51060; 3&#48516;&#44592;&#50640; 43% &#49345;&#49849;&#54616;&#47728; 2017&#45380; &#51060;&#54980; &#44032;&#51109; &#44053;&#54620; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#49892;&#51201;&#51012; &#44592;&#47197;&#54664;&#44256;, &#48120;&#44397; &#54788;&#47932; &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064; ETF&#50640;&#46020; 63.4&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#49692;&#50976;&#51077;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#45236;&#45236; &#44537;&#45800;&#51201; &#44277;&#54252; &#44396;&#44036;&#50640; &#47672;&#47932;&#45912; &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#44277;&#54252;&#183;&#53456;&#50837; &#51648;&#49688; &#50669;&#49884; 8&#50900; 20&#51068; &#53456;&#50837; &#44396;&#44036;&#50640; &#51652;&#51077;&#54620; &#46244; 9&#50900;&#50640;&#45716; &#45824;&#48512;&#48516; &#53456;&#50837; &#44396;&#44036;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#44277;&#44060;&#46108; &#44144;&#47000; &#44552;&#50529;&#51012; &#49332;&#54196;&#48372;&#47732;, &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48152;&#46321;&#51060; &#44592;&#50629;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088; &#54869;&#45824;&#47196; &#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#51648;&#45716; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;.</strong></p><p><strong>&#44032;&#44201; &#49345;&#49849;&#44284; &#54632;&#44760; &#46028;&#50500;&#50728; &#51088;&#44552;&#51008; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#51649;&#51217; &#53804;&#51088; &#44288;&#51216;&#50640;&#47564; &#51665;&#51473;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#51109;&#44592; &#53804;&#51088;&#44032; &#54596;&#50836;&#54620; &#44592;&#50629; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#44552;&#51008; &#45800;&#44592;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#51109; &#49900;&#47532;&#50640; &#47582;&#52656; &#50880;&#51649;&#51060;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#50500;&#47000;&#50640;&#49436;&#45716; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#49464;&#48512; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#54616;&#45208;&#50473; &#49332;&#54196;&#48376;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. 3&#48516;&#44592; &#54645;&#49900; &#45796;&#49455; &#44032;&#51648; &#51674;&#50612;&#48372;&#44592;</strong></h2><ol><li><p><strong>M&amp;A: &#49888;&#44508; &#49324;&#50629; &#54869;&#51109; &#51473;&#49900;&#50640;&#49436; &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053;&#54805; &#51064;&#49688; &#52404;&#51228;&#47196; &#51204;&#54872;</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>VC &#49884;&#51109;: &#47532;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428; &#50557;&#54868; &#48143; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#51088;&#48376;&#51032; &#45824;&#46160;</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>&#53804;&#51088; &#45800;&#44228;: &#52488;&#44592; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#54924;&#54588;&#50752; &#54980;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#49324;&#50629; &#44160;&#51613; &#51665;&#51473;</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>&#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804;: &#51204;&#53685; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#49345;&#51109; &#48143; &#48512;&#52292; &#51312;&#45804; &#54869;&#45824;</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>&#49465;&#53552;&#48324; &#46041;&#54693;: &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#50672;&#44208; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#48516;&#50556;&#47196; &#51088;&#44552; &#50144;&#47548; &#54788;&#49345;</strong></p></li></ol><h3><strong>2.1. M&amp;A: &#49888;&#44508; &#49324;&#50629; &#54869;&#51109; &#51473;&#49900;&#50640;&#49436; &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053;&#54805; &#51064;&#49688; &#52404;&#51228;&#47196; &#51204;&#54872;</strong></h3><p>3&#48516;&#44592; M&amp;A &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#49688;&#51456;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54664;&#51004;&#45208;, &#44144;&#47000; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#53356;&#44172; &#44048;&#49548;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>1&#48516;&#44592; 39&#44148;, 2&#48516;&#44592; 36&#44148;, 3&#48516;&#44592; 37&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#51204;&#52404; M&amp;A &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; &#48708;&#49847;&#54664;&#45912; &#48152;&#47732;, &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#51456; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;. &#46021;&#47549; &#51665;&#44228; &#44592;&#44288;&#51064; &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#53944; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49828;(Architect Partners) &#51088;&#47308;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; M&amp;A &#44148;&#49688;&#44032; &#51204; &#48516;&#44592; &#45824;&#48708; 7% &#44048;&#49548;&#54616;&#45716; &#46041;&#50504; &#44144;&#47000; &#44552;&#50529;&#51008; 83% &#44553;&#44048;&#54620; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#45208;&#53440;&#45228;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44144;&#47000; &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#51460;&#50612;&#46304; &#44620;&#45805;&#51008; &#51064;&#49688; &#45824;&#49345;&#51032; &#49457;&#44201;&#51060; &#45804;&#46972;&#51276;&#44592; &#46412;&#47928;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49345;&#48152;&#44592;&#50640;&#45716; &#47560;&#49828;&#53552;&#52852;&#46300;&#44032; BVNK&#47484; 18&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#51064;&#49688;&#54620; &#44163;&#52376;&#47100;, &#44592;&#50629; &#51204;&#52404;&#47484; &#51064;&#49688;&#54644; &#49888;&#44508; &#49324;&#50629; &#44592;&#48152;&#51012; &#45796;&#51648;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#49884;&#51109; &#49457;&#51109;&#51012; &#51060;&#45132;&#50632;&#45796;. &#48152;&#47732; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#51064;&#49688;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#49324;&#50629;&#51032; &#48512;&#51313;&#54620; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#52292;&#50864;&#45716; &#50577;&#49345;&#51012; &#48372;&#50688;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51068;&#47168;&#47196; &#49436;&#53364;(Circle)&#51008; &#49905;&#44032;&#54252;&#47476;&#51032; &#44397;&#44221; &#44036; &#44208;&#51228; &#44592;&#50629; &#53440;&#51088;&#54168;&#51060;(Tazapay)&#47484;, &#47928;&#54168;&#51060;(MoonPay)&#45716; &#48120;&#44397; &#51613;&#44428; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47484; &#48372;&#50976;&#54620; &#45432;&#49828; &#52880;&#54588;&#53560;(North Capital)&#51012;, &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;(BitGo)&#45716; NYDIG&#51032; &#44592;&#44288; &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46377; &#49324;&#50629; &#48512;&#47928;&#51012; &#44033;&#44033; &#51064;&#49688;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png" width="1456" height="763" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:763,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mYeq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e81c4a-985a-49fb-ba82-80090468786e_2048x1073.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828; &#54869;&#48372;&#50752; &#49324;&#50629;&#51201; &#44592;&#45733; &#44160;&#51613;&#51008; &#51088;&#52404; &#44396;&#52629;&#50640; &#50724;&#47004; &#49884;&#44036;&#51060; &#49548;&#50836;&#46104;&#51648;&#47564;, &#51064;&#49688;&#47484; &#53685;&#54616;&#47732; &#51593;&#44033;&#51201;&#51064; &#54869;&#48372;&#44032; &#44032;&#45733;&#54616;&#45796;. &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#44054;&#52656;&#51648;&#45716; &#54788;&#49884;&#51216;&#50640;&#45716; &#51060; &#44057;&#51008; &#49884;&#44036; &#45800;&#52629;&#51060; &#44263; &#54645;&#49900; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54620;&#45796;. &#44208;&#44397; M&amp;A&#51032; &#51473;&#49900;&#52629;&#51060; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#49888;&#44508; &#49324;&#50629; &#54869;&#51109; &#48516;&#50556;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053;&#54805; &#51064;&#49688; &#52404;&#51228;&#47196; &#48736;&#47476;&#44172; &#51204;&#54872;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.2. VC &#49884;&#51109;: &#47532;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428; &#50557;&#54868; &#48143; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#51088;&#48376;&#51032; &#45824;&#46160;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png" width="1456" height="668" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:668,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nw_7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb926e88-7c8c-43f2-a1ac-b353b29ef0f9_2048x939.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53804;&#51088; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#47484; &#51452;&#46020;&#54616;&#45912; &#51452;&#50836; &#47532;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46308;&#51032; &#50689;&#54693;&#47141;&#51060; &#45576;&#50640; &#46916;&#44172; &#50557;&#54868;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. 2024&#45380; &#51060;&#54980; &#49884;&#51109;&#51012; &#45132;&#50612;&#50728; &#49345;&#50948; 5&#44060; &#47532;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#49324;(&#54260;&#47532;&#52404;&#51064;, &#54032;&#53580;&#46972; &#52880;&#54588;&#53560;, &#54645; VC, &#54056;&#47084;&#45796;&#51076;, a16z)&#51032; &#50900;&#54217;&#44512; &#47532;&#46300; &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; 3.7&#44148;&#50640;&#49436; 2.0&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#53356;&#44172; &#44048;&#49548;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44284;&#44144; &#52280;&#50668; &#44144;&#47000;&#51032; 50%~75%&#47484; &#51649;&#51217; &#51060;&#45132;&#47728; &#51201;&#51221; &#44592;&#50629;&#44032;&#52824;&#47484; &#49328;&#51221;&#54644; &#50728; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51473;&#52628;&#51201; &#54540;&#47112;&#51060;&#50612;&#46308;&#51032; &#51452;&#46020;&#44428;&#51060; &#55124;&#46308;&#47532;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#49480;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732; YZi &#47017;&#49828;(YZi Labs, &#50715; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#47017;&#49828;)&#45716; &#52509; 14&#44148;&#50640; &#52280;&#50668;&#54616;&#47728; &#50900;&#54217;&#44512; &#44592;&#51456; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#45824;&#48708; &#49464; &#48176; &#44032;&#44637;&#44172; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#54869;&#45824;&#54664;&#44256;, &#53076;&#51064;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828; &#48292;&#52376;&#49828;(Coinbase Ventures)&#44032; 12&#44148;&#51004;&#47196; &#44536; &#46244;&#47484; &#51060;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51060;&#52376;&#47100; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676; VC&#51032; &#52280;&#50668;&#44032; &#45720;&#50612;&#45212; &#44163;&#51008; &#53804;&#51088; &#47785;&#51201;&#51032; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#52264;&#51060;&#50640;&#49436; &#48708;&#47215;&#46108;&#45796;. &#51068;&#48152; &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; VC(Financial Investor)&#45716; &#51648;&#48516; &#48143; &#51088;&#49328; &#44032;&#52824; &#49345;&#49849;&#51012; &#53685;&#54620; &#49884;&#49464; &#52264;&#51061;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#48152;&#47732;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676; VC&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#54620; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#44032; &#51088;&#49324; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45208; &#51088;&#52404; &#52404;&#51064;(BNB &#52404;&#51064;, &#48288;&#51060;&#49828; &#46321;)&#50640; &#50504;&#52265;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049; &#51613;&#44032;&#50752; &#49324;&#50857;&#51088; &#50976;&#51077;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#52628;&#44032;&#51201; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#51060;&#46301;&#51012; &#50619;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#49884;&#51109; &#44032;&#44201; &#48143; &#48184;&#47448;&#50640;&#51060;&#49496; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#49457;&#51060; &#52964;&#51652; &#49884;&#44592;&#50640;&#46020; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#51648;&#49549;&#54624; &#47749;&#48516;&#51060; &#47749;&#54869;&#54616;&#45796;. &#44536; &#44208;&#44284; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#53804;&#51088; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201;&#51012; &#54805;&#49457;&#54616;&#45716; &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#48372;&#45796; &#51088;&#49324; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#46020;&#47784;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;(Strategic Investor)&#51032; &#50689;&#54693;&#47141;&#51060; &#45908; &#44053;&#54616;&#44172; &#48152;&#50689;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44208;&#44397; 3&#48516;&#44592; VC &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#45800;&#49692; &#44256;&#49688;&#51061;&#51012; &#44200;&#45285;&#54620; &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088; &#51473;&#49900;&#50640;&#49436;, &#49324;&#50629; &#48143; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#49884;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#52285;&#52636;&#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088; &#52404;&#51228;&#47196; &#51473;&#49900;&#52629;&#51060; &#51060;&#46041;&#54664;&#51020;&#51012; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.3. &#53804;&#51088; &#45800;&#44228;: &#52488;&#44592; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#54924;&#54588;&#50752; &#54980;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#49324;&#50629; &#44160;&#51613; &#51665;&#51473;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png" width="1456" height="947" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:947,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJuJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4891757-090c-4d13-80d1-5e0566ab9b14_2048x1332.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#44160;&#51613;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#50948;&#54744;&#51012; &#49789;&#44172; &#46496;&#50504;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#45796;. &#49884;&#46300;&#47196; &#48516;&#47448;&#46108; &#46364;&#51032; &#48708;&#51473;&#51008; 15.0%&#47196; 2024&#45380; &#51060;&#54980; &#48516;&#44592; &#44592;&#51456; &#44032;&#51109; &#45230;&#51008; &#49688;&#52824;&#47484; &#44592;&#47197;&#54664;&#44256;, &#50900;&#54217;&#44512; &#49884;&#46300; &#46364; &#44148;&#49688; &#50669;&#49884; 28% &#44048;&#49548;&#54616;&#50668; &#51204;&#52404; &#46364; &#44048;&#49548; &#54253;(13%)&#51012; &#46160; &#48176; &#51060;&#49345; &#50883;&#46028;&#50520;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732; Series A~C&#51032; &#44277;&#44060; &#53804;&#51088;&#44552;&#50529;&#51008; &#50900;&#54217;&#44512; 29% &#45720;&#50612;&#45228;&#51004;&#47728;, &#53945;&#55176; Series C&#45716; &#45800; &#49437; &#45804; &#47564;&#50640; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; 6&#44060;&#50900; &#51204;&#52404; &#44552;&#50529;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612;&#49456;&#45796;.</p><p>&#52488;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#53804;&#51088;&#45716; &#50668;&#47084; &#49548;&#44508;&#47784; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#50640; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#48516;&#49328;&#54616;&#44256;, &#49548;&#49688;&#51032; &#49457;&#44277; &#49324;&#47168;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#45458;&#51008; &#49688;&#51061;&#47456;&#51012; &#44144;&#46160;&#45716; &#48169;&#49885;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#46041;&#54620;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088; &#44396;&#51312;&#44032; &#51648;&#49549;&#46104;&#47140;&#47732; &#51060;&#54980; &#45908; &#45458;&#51008; &#48184;&#47448;&#50640;&#51060;&#49496;&#51004;&#47196; &#51648;&#48516;&#51060;&#45208; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#47588;&#49688;&#54644; &#51460; &#54980;&#49549; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44032; &#51060;&#50612;&#51256;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#44592;&#50629; &#53804;&#51088; &#51204;&#48152;&#51060; &#49888;&#51473;&#54644;&#51652; 3&#48516;&#44592;&#50640;&#45716; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#54980;&#49549; &#53804;&#51088;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#44592;&#45824;&#44048;&#51060; &#50557;&#54868;&#46108; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51064;&#45796;. &#51060;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#48520;&#54869;&#49892;&#54620; &#52488;&#44592; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944; &#45824;&#49888;, &#47588;&#52636;&#44284; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47196; &#51060;&#48120; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51060; &#44160;&#51613;&#46108; &#44592;&#50629;&#51032; &#54869;&#51109; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#50640; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#51665;&#51473;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>3&#48516;&#44592; Series C &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#50976;&#52824;&#54620; &#51648;&#48652;&#49828;(Jeeves)&#50752; EDX &#47560;&#53011;&#52768;(EDX Markets)&#44032; &#47784;&#46160; &#44208;&#51228; &#48143; &#44144;&#47000; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060;&#46972;&#45716; &#51216;&#46020; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#51096; &#48372;&#50668;&#51456;&#45796;. &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#53804;&#51088; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060; &#45800;&#49692;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665; &#51068;&#51221;&#50640;&#49436; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#49324;&#50629; &#44160;&#51613;&#51004;&#47196; &#50734;&#44200;&#44032;&#44256; &#51080;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>2.4. &#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804;: &#51204;&#53685; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#49345;&#51109; &#48143; &#48512;&#52292; &#51312;&#45804; &#54869;&#45824;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png" width="1456" height="1071" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1071,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XJr6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa205f35c-5958-4584-bd27-9a73b49ebc68_2048x1507.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>3&#48516;&#44592; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#48376;&#51008; &#51060;&#51228; &#48292;&#52376; &#51648;&#48516; &#48150;&#50640;&#49436;&#46020; &#45208;&#50724;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; 1&#50613; &#45804;&#47084; &#51060;&#49345; &#46364; 13&#44148; &#51473; 4&#44148;&#51060; &#49345;&#51109;&#51060;&#45208; &#48512;&#52292;&#46972;&#45716; &#51216;&#51060; &#51064;&#49345;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p>&#49884;&#53328;&#47532;&#53440;&#51060;&#51592;(Securitize)&#45716; &#49828;&#54057;(SPAC) &#54633;&#48337;&#51004;&#47196; &#45684;&#50837;&#51613;&#44428;&#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#50640; &#49345;&#51109;&#54664;&#44256;, &#47532;&#54540; &#54532;&#46972;&#51076;(Ripple Prime)&#51008; 2.75&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#51032; &#47924;&#45812;&#48372; &#49440;&#49692;&#50948; &#52292;&#44428;&#51012; &#48156;&#54665;&#54664;&#45796;. &#50900;&#54217;&#44512;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#47732; &#48292;&#52376;&#183;&#51204;&#47029; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;&#45716; 24% &#51460;&#50632;&#51648;&#47564;, &#48512;&#52292; &#51312;&#45804;&#51008; 0.7&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640;&#49436; 1.9&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196;, &#49345;&#51109; &#51312;&#45804;&#51008; 0.8&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#50640;&#49436; 1.5&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#45720;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png" width="1456" height="899" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:899,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4SVa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe10aa1bf-29d3-4553-acd2-dabe398bb9b3_2048x1265.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#51068;&#48512; &#44592;&#50629;&#51008; &#51060;&#51228; &#48292;&#52376; &#53804;&#51088; &#50630;&#51060;&#46020; &#51068;&#48152; &#44592;&#50629;&#52376;&#47100; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#51312;&#45804;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46108; &#55120;&#47492;&#51060; &#48372;&#51060;&#44592;&#50640; &#54693;&#54980; VC&#44032; &#47585;&#45716; &#50669;&#54624;&#51008; &#52488;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228;&#47196; &#51329;&#50500;&#51656; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>2.5. &#49465;&#53552;&#48324; &#46041;&#54693;: &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#50672;&#44208; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#48516;&#50556;&#47196; &#51088;&#44552; &#50144;&#47548; &#54788;&#49345;</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png" width="1456" height="1271" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1271,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!20nc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed4db25c-0941-4951-a18e-d48843408740_2048x1788.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>3&#48516;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552; &#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#49465;&#53552;&#48324;&#47196; &#49332;&#54196;&#48372;&#47732;, &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#47112;&#51060;&#50612;1&#183;2 &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#44284; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228;&#47484; &#50672;&#44208;&#54616;&#45716; &#50689;&#50669;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#49465;&#53552; &#53804;&#51088; &#48708;&#51473;&#51008; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; 8.1%&#50640;&#49436; 18.2%&#47196; &#46160; &#48176; &#51060;&#49345; &#51613;&#44032;&#54664;&#51004;&#45208;, &#51060;&#45716; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064; &#47700;&#51064;&#45367; &#54876;&#49457;&#54868;&#46972;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796; AI &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#49468;&#53552;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#51012; &#51204;&#54872;&#54620; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#45769; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;(Ionic Digital)&#51060;&#45208; AI &#54617;&#49845; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#44592;&#50629;&#51064; &#54532;&#46972;&#51076; &#51064;&#53588;&#47113;&#53944;(Prime Intellect) &#46321; AI &#50672;&#44228; &#46364;&#51060; &#49457;&#51109;&#51012; &#51452;&#46020;&#54620; &#44208;&#44284;&#45796;.</p><p>&#50500;&#50872;&#47084; &#44592;&#53440; &#48516;&#47448;&#47196; &#51665;&#44228;&#46108; &#51088;&#44552;&#51032; &#51208;&#48152;&#44032;&#47049;&#51008; &#49884;&#53328;&#47532;&#53440;&#51060;&#51592;(Securitize)&#50752; &#50508;&#54028;&#52852;(Alpaca) &#44057;&#51008; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51613;&#44428; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#48516;&#50556;&#47196; &#50976;&#51077;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728; &#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064;&#47564; &#53804;&#51088; &#48708;&#51473;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#47732; &#44592;&#51316; &#44552;&#50997;&#44428;&#44284;&#51032; &#51217;&#51216;&#51060; &#51201;&#51008; &#49465;&#53552;&#45716; &#51088;&#44552; &#50976;&#51077;&#51060; &#45824;&#54253; &#44048;&#49548;&#54664;&#45796;. &#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &#53804;&#51088;&#50529;&#51008; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; 91%&#44032; &#54260;&#47532;&#47560;&#53011;(Polymarket, &#50557; 3&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;) &#45800; &#54620; &#44148;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, DeFi &#49465;&#53552; &#50669;&#49884; &#44144;&#47000; &#44148;&#49688; &#44048;&#49548;&#50752; &#54632;&#44760; &#53804;&#51088; &#44552;&#50529;&#51060; 71% &#44553;&#44048;&#54644; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; 3.0% &#48708;&#51473;&#50640; &#44536;&#52452;&#45796;. &#44536;&#45208;&#47560; &#44508;&#47784;&#44032; &#52984;&#45912; DeFi &#46364; &#50669;&#49884; &#48120;&#44397; &#51648;&#50669;&#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51060; &#52280;&#50668;&#54620; &#50696;&#44552; &#53664;&#53360; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356; &#52852;&#47532; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356;(Cari Network)&#50688;&#45796;. &#49688;&#53441;(Custody) &#48516;&#50556; &#46608;&#54620; &#49888;&#44508; &#53804;&#51088; &#50976;&#52824; &#50630;&#51060; &#48708;&#53944;&#44256;(BitGo)&#51032; NYDIG &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46377; &#48512;&#47928; &#51064;&#49688; &#46321; &#44592;&#51316; &#49440;&#46160; &#44592;&#50629; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; &#49464;&#47141; &#51116;&#54200;&#47564; &#51068;&#50612;&#45228;&#45796;.</p><p>&#44208;&#44397; 3&#48516;&#44592;&#50640;&#45716; &#51060;&#48120; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#50752; &#44508;&#51228; &#49849;&#51064;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54620; &#49440;&#46160; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060;&#45208; &#51008;&#54665; &#46321; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#44284; &#50672;&#44228;&#46108; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#50640;&#47564; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#51665;&#51473;&#46104;&#50632;&#45796;. &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#51088;&#52404;&#51032; &#49888;&#44508; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228;&#47484; &#51312;&#49457;&#54616;&#45716; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716;, &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#51088;&#48376;&#51060; &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#49884;&#51109;&#51004;&#47196; &#51652;&#51077;&#54616;&#45716; &#50976;&#53685; &#44221;&#47196;&#50752; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#50669;&#54624;&#51012; &#54616;&#45716; &#48516;&#50556;&#47196; &#53804;&#51088; &#51473;&#49900;&#52629;&#51060; &#54869;&#50672;&#55176; &#51060;&#46041;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>3. &#53804;&#51088; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#54540;&#47112;&#51060;&#50612;&#48324; &#45824;&#51025; &#51204;&#47029;</strong></h2><p>3&#48516;&#44592; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44032;&#44201; &#48152;&#46321;&#50640;&#46020; &#48520;&#44396;&#54616;&#44256; &#44592;&#50629; &#53804;&#51088;&#47196; &#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#51088;&#48376;&#51032; &#55120;&#47492;&#51008; &#44221;&#49353;&#46108; &#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#50976;&#51648;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44536; &#45824;&#49888; &#51088;&#48376;&#51008; &#53804;&#51088; &#45824;&#49345;&#51012; &#51201;&#44537;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51116;&#54200;&#54664;&#45796;. &#45824;&#54805; &#51064;&#49688;&#54633;&#48337;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#44592;&#45733; &#48372;&#44053;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#49548;&#44508;&#47784; &#51064;&#49688;&#44032; &#45720;&#50632;&#44256;, &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; &#47532;&#46300; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#54616;&#45716; &#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#51032; &#52280;&#50668;&#44032; &#46160;&#46300;&#47084;&#51276;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#50500;&#50872;&#47084; &#52488;&#44592; &#45800;&#44228; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#47588;&#52636;&#44284; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#47196; &#49324;&#50629;&#49457;&#51012; &#44160;&#51613;&#54620; &#44592;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#51088;&#44552;&#51060; &#50144;&#47160;&#45796;. &#51648;&#45212; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#50640;&#49436; &#50616;&#44553;&#54620; &#8216;&#53685;&#51228;&#8217;&#50752; &#8216;&#45236;&#49892;&#8217;&#51032; &#55120;&#47492;&#51060; &#51060;&#50612;&#51648;&#45716; &#44032;&#50868;&#45936;, &#49884;&#51109; &#51452;&#52404;&#48324;&#47196; &#51456;&#48708;&#54644;&#50556; &#54624; &#51452;&#50836; &#44284;&#51228;&#47484; &#51221;&#47532;&#54620;&#45796;.</strong></p><h3><strong>3.1. &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#44592;&#50629; &#48143; &#52285;&#50629;&#51088;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#52488;&#44592; &#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804; &#44592;&#44036;&#51032; &#51109;&#44592;&#54868; &#45824;&#48708;: </strong>3&#48516;&#44592; &#49884;&#46300; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300; &#44144;&#47000; &#44148;&#49688;&#45716; &#51204;&#52404; &#49884;&#51109; &#54217;&#44512;&#48372;&#45796; &#48736;&#47476;&#44172; &#44048;&#49548;&#54664;&#45796;. &#45796;&#51020; &#53804;&#51088; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#47484; &#51456;&#48708;&#54616;&#44592; &#51204;&#50640; &#47588;&#52636; &#48156;&#49373;, &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828; &#54925;&#46301;, &#51452;&#50836; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901; &#44396;&#52629; &#46321; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#47560;&#51068;&#49828;&#53668;&#51012; &#54869;&#48372;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#46020;&#47197; &#51088;&#44552; &#49548;&#51652;&#50984;(Runway)&#51012; &#48372;&#49688;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51116;&#49328;&#52636;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51204;&#47029;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51032; &#51312;&#44148; &#44160;&#53664;: </strong>&#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#44228;&#50676; VC &#51088;&#44552;&#51008; &#44984;&#51456;&#55176; &#50976;&#51077;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53945;&#51221; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;&#45208; &#51204;&#50857; &#52404;&#51064; &#44480;&#49549;&#44284; &#44057;&#51008; &#44396;&#49549; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060; &#46041;&#48152;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#51312;&#44148;&#51060; &#54693;&#54980; &#51116;&#47924;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;(FI) &#50976;&#52824;&#45208; &#44592;&#50629; &#47588;&#44033;(M&amp;A) &#49884; &#51228;&#50557; &#50836;&#51064;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#50857;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#51012;&#51648; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#47732;&#48128;&#55176; &#44160;&#53664;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44508;&#51228; &#45824;&#51025; &#48143; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828; &#50669;&#47049; &#44053;&#54868;: </strong>&#52572;&#44540; &#51064;&#49688;&#51088;&#46308;&#51008; &#44592;&#50629; &#51204;&#52404;&#48372;&#45796; &#51613;&#44428; &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;, &#44208;&#51228; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356;, &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46377; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972; &#46321; &#51593;&#49884; &#54876;&#50857; &#44032;&#45733;&#54620; &#44592;&#45733;&#50640; &#51665;&#51473;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#47588;&#44033;&#51060;&#45208; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49901;&#51012; &#47784;&#49353;&#54616;&#45716; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#48372;&#50976;&#54620; &#54645;&#49900; &#44592;&#45733;&#44284; &#51221;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#49324;&#51204;&#50640; &#51221;&#51032;&#54644; &#46168; &#54596;&#50836;&#44032; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#51088;&#44552; &#51312;&#45804; &#49688;&#45800; &#54876;&#50857;: </strong>&#50504;&#51221;&#51201;&#51064; &#54788;&#44552;&#55120;&#47492;&#51012; &#44054;&#52632; &#44592;&#50629;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732; &#51648;&#48516; &#55148;&#49437;&#51012; &#52572;&#49548;&#54868;&#54616;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#52292;&#44428; &#48156;&#54665;&#51060;&#45208; &#49888;&#50857; &#54620;&#46020;(Credit Line) &#54869;&#48372; &#46321; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997; &#48169;&#49885;&#51032; &#51312;&#45804; &#49688;&#45800;&#51012; &#51201;&#44537; &#44160;&#53664;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3.2. &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288; &#48143; &#51068;&#48152; &#44592;&#50629;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#51064;&#49688;(M&amp;A)&#47484; &#53685;&#54620; &#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#51077; &#51204;&#47029;: </strong>&#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#44288;&#47144; &#49888;&#44508; &#49324;&#50629; &#52628;&#51652; &#49884; &#45236;&#48512;&#50640; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;&#47484; &#51649;&#51217; &#44396;&#52629;&#54616;&#44592;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716;, &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;&#50752; &#50868;&#50689; &#44221;&#54744;&#51012; &#48372;&#50976;&#54620; &#51204;&#47928; &#44592;&#50629;&#51012; &#51064;&#49688;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#54952;&#50984;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;, &#46972;&#51060;&#49440;&#49828;, &#53944;&#47112;&#51060;&#46377; &#44592;&#45733; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; M&amp;A &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#44228;&#49549;&#54644;&#49436; &#45720;&#50612;&#45208;&#45716; &#52628;&#49464;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49892;&#51656; &#44144;&#47000; &#51312;&#44148; &#44592;&#51456;&#51032; &#44032;&#52824; &#54217;&#44032;: </strong>&#44277;&#44060; &#44144;&#47000; &#44552;&#50529; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#49884;&#51109; &#51204;&#52404;&#51032; &#44032;&#52824; &#54217;&#44032;&#47484; &#51221;&#54869;&#55176; &#54028;&#50501;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47157;&#45796;. &#53945;&#55176; &#51088;&#49324; &#49324;&#50629;&#44284;&#51032; &#50672;&#44228;&#49457;&#51012; &#50864;&#49440;&#49884;&#54616;&#47728;, &#51204;&#47928; &#51088;&#47928;&#49324;&#51032; &#51088;&#47928;&#51012; &#53685;&#54644; &#44552;&#50529; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#49884;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#45244; &#49688; &#51080;&#51012;&#51648; &#51216;&#44160;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3.3. &#53804;&#51088;&#51088; &#48143; &#47532;&#53580;&#51068; &#49884;&#51109; &#52280;&#50668;&#51088;</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#53804;&#51088; &#50976;&#52824; &#49548;&#49885;&#51032; &#45796;&#44033;&#51201; &#54644;&#49437;: </strong>VC &#53804;&#51088; &#50976;&#52824; &#45800;&#49888;&#51012; &#47924;&#51312;&#44148;&#51201;&#51064; &#47588;&#49688; &#49888;&#54840;&#47196; &#54644;&#49437;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51008; &#51648;&#50577;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#44284;&#44144;&#50752; &#44057;&#51008; &#45824;&#44508;&#47784; &#53664;&#53360; &#54032;&#47588;&#45208; &#50517;&#46020;&#51201;&#51064; &#49884;&#49464; &#52264;&#51061;&#51012; &#44592;&#45824;&#54616;&#44592; &#50612;&#47140;&#50868; &#49884;&#51109; &#54872;&#44221;&#51076;&#51012; &#51064;&#51648;&#54616;&#44256; &#44060;&#51064; &#52488;&#44592; &#53804;&#51088; &#49345;&#48169;&#51032; &#51228;&#54620;&#51012; &#47749;&#54869;&#54616;&#44172; &#51064;&#51648;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#54144;&#45908;&#47704;&#53560; &#51473;&#49900;&#51032; &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944; &#54217;&#44032;: </strong>&#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665; &#51068;&#51221;&#51060;&#45208; &#45800;&#44592; &#54840;&#51116;&#48372;&#45796;&#45716; &#44592;&#50629;&#51032; &#49892;&#51656;&#51201;&#51064; &#47588;&#52636; &#44396;&#51312;, &#44508;&#51228; &#51456;&#49688; &#50668;&#48512;, &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44284;&#51032; &#50672;&#44228;&#49457;&#51012; &#51473;&#49900; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#49340;&#44256; &#54217;&#44032;&#54644;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><p>&#54788;&#51116; &#44032;&#49345;&#51088;&#49328; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#48320;&#54868;&#45716; &#45800;&#44592;&#51201;&#51064; &#44592;&#45824;&#44048;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#8216;&#49892;&#51656;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#8217;&#50752; &#8216;&#49892;&#50857;&#49457;&#8217;&#51012; &#51613;&#47749;&#54616;&#45716; &#48169;&#54693;&#51004;&#47196; &#49688;&#47156;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51068;&#48512; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#54788; &#49884;&#45824;&#47484; &#50504;&#53440;&#44637;&#44172; &#50668;&#44600; &#49688;&#46020; &#51080;&#51648;&#47564;, &#49328;&#50629;&#51004;&#47196; &#48148;&#45068;&#45716; &#54788;&#51116;&#51032; &#55120;&#47492;&#51008; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#44148;&#44053;&#54620; &#48320;&#54868;&#46972;&#44256; &#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p>&#46384;&#46972;&#49436; &#44033; &#49884;&#51109; &#51452;&#52404;&#46308;&#51008; &#51060;&#47084;&#54620; &#44396;&#51312;&#51201; &#48320;&#54868;&#47484; &#47749;&#54869;&#55176; &#51064;&#51648;&#54616;&#44256;, &#48376;&#50672;&#51032; &#44221;&#51137;&#47141; &#44053;&#54868;&#50752; &#47532;&#49828;&#53356; &#44288;&#47532;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#45796;&#44032;&#50732; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49884;&#51109; &#55120;&#47492;&#50640; &#49440;&#51228;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#45824;&#48708;&#54644;&#47728; &#49328;&#50629;&#51032; &#49884;&#45824;&#47484; &#47582;&#50500;&#50556;&#54624; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#128047; More from Tiger Research</strong></h2><pre><code><code>&#51060;&#48264; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#50752; &#44288;&#47144;&#46108; &#45908; &#47566;&#51008; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51069;&#50612;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</code></code></pre><ul><li><p><a href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/the-age-of-control-crypto-venture-kor">2026 H1 &#50516;&#54840;&#54868;&#54224; VC &#53804;&#51088; &#54788;&#54889; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;</a></p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#48143; &#48169;&#48277;&#47200;</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>&#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#52636;&#52376;:</strong> 2024&#45380; 1&#50900;&#48512;&#53552; 2026&#45380; 9&#50900;&#44620;&#51648;&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#45716; RootData API(&#54144;&#46377; &#46972;&#50868;&#46300; 3,515&#44148;)&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#51665;&#44228;&#54664;&#44256;, &#45216;&#51676;&#45716; RootData &#46321;&#47197;&#51068; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;. 6&#50900;&#50640; &#47560;&#44048;&#46096;&#51648;&#47564; 7&#50900;&#50640; &#44277;&#44060;&#46108; &#50500;&#51060;&#50724;&#45769; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560;, &#44148;&#53952;&#47131; &#44144;&#47000;&#45716; 3&#48516;&#44592;&#50640; &#54252;&#54632;&#46108;&#45796;. 3&#48516;&#44592; RootData &#44592;&#47197; 195&#44148; &#51473; &#53804;&#51088;&#44032; &#50500;&#45772; &#44592;&#47197; 2&#44148;(&#47196;&#48712;&#54980;&#46300;&#50752; dYdX &#47017;&#49828;&#51032; DEX &#52636;&#49884; &#51228;&#55092;, &#51060;&#45908;&#47532;&#50880; &#44592;&#44288; &#50672;&#54633;&#52404; &#44032;&#51077;)&#51008; &#51228;&#50808;&#54644; 193&#44148;&#51012; &#48516;&#49437;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44592;&#44288; &#52280;&#50668; &#48708;&#51473; &#52264;&#53944;&#51032; 2018~2023&#45380; &#49688;&#52824;&#45716; &#51648;&#45212; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;(2026&#45380; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592;&#54032;)&#51032; &#49688;&#52824;&#47484; &#44536;&#45824;&#47196; &#48152;&#50689;&#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44552;&#50529; &#44592;&#51456;:</strong> &#48376;&#47928;&#51032; &#44552;&#50529;&#51008; &#44552;&#50529;&#51060; &#44277;&#44060;&#46108; &#46364;&#51032; &#54633;&#44228;&#45796;(3&#48516;&#44592; 193&#44148; &#51473; 112&#44148;, &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; 441&#44148; &#51473; 286&#44148;). &#44552;&#50529;&#51060; &#44277;&#44060;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#46364;&#51008; &#54633;&#44228;&#50640; &#46308;&#50612;&#44032;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#48064;&#47196; &#49892;&#51228; &#44144;&#47000; &#44508;&#47784;&#45716; &#48376;&#47928; &#49688;&#52824;&#48372;&#45796; &#53356;&#45796;. RootData&#50640; 9,000&#47564; &#45804;&#47084;&#47196; &#44592;&#47197;&#46108; &#47112;&#51060;&#48656;(Raven) &#46972;&#50868;&#46300;&#45716; &#50896;&#47928; &#54869;&#51064; &#44208;&#44284; &#53804;&#51088;&#50529;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#46972; &#44592;&#50629;&#44032;&#52824;&#50668;&#49436; &#44552;&#50529;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#50808;&#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>M&amp;A &#44552;&#50529;:</strong> M&amp;A &#44277;&#44060; &#44552;&#50529;&#44284; &#44277;&#48177; &#48708;&#51473;(83%)&#51008; RootData&#50640; &#44552;&#50529;&#51060; &#44592;&#47197;&#46108; &#44144;&#47000;&#47564; &#51665;&#44228;&#54620; &#49688;&#52824;&#45796;. &#49436;&#53364;-&#53440;&#51088;&#54168;&#51060;(4&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;, SEC &#44277;&#49884;)&#50752; &#48120;&#47000;&#50640;&#49483;-&#53076;&#48727;(&#50557; 1,414&#50613; &#50896;)&#52376;&#47100; &#44552;&#50529;&#51060; &#44277;&#44060;&#46096;&#51648;&#47564; RootData&#50640; &#44592;&#47197;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51008; &#44144;&#47000;&#45716; &#48376;&#47928;&#50640; &#46384;&#47196; &#54364;&#44592;&#54664;&#45796;. 3&#48516;&#44592; M&amp;A &#44508;&#47784; &#48708;&#44368;&#50640;&#45716; &#50500;&#53412;&#53581;&#53944; &#54028;&#53944;&#45320;&#49828;&#51032; &#48516;&#44592; &#51665;&#44228;&#47484; &#52280;&#44256;&#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51088;&#44552; &#50976;&#54805;:</strong> M&amp;A&#45716; RootData &#46972;&#50868;&#46300; &#50976;&#54805; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;. &#49345;&#51109; &#51312;&#45804;&#51008; IPO, &#49345;&#51109; &#54980; &#51312;&#45804;&#44284; &#49884;&#53328;&#47532;&#53440;&#51060;&#51592; &#49345;&#51109;, &#48512;&#52292;&#45716; Debt Financing&#44284; &#47532;&#54540; &#54532;&#46972;&#51076; &#52292;&#44428;, &#54176;&#47533;&#49828; &#54168;&#51060;&#44256;&#51032; &#48512;&#52292; &#48512;&#48516;, &#53664;&#53360; &#54032;&#47588;&#45716; OTC&#50752; Public Sale&#51060;&#47728;, &#45208;&#47672;&#51648;&#47484; &#48292;&#52376;&#183;&#51204;&#47029; &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;&#47196; &#48516;&#47448;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51648;&#48516; &#53804;&#51088;&#50640;&#45716; &#44592;&#51316; &#51452;&#51452;&#51032; &#51648;&#48516; &#47588;&#51077;(&#50696;: &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#54616;&#45208;&#44552;&#50997;&#44284; &#49340;&#49457;&#51613;&#44428;&#51032; &#46160;&#45208;&#47924; &#51648;&#48516; &#47588;&#51077;)&#46020; &#54252;&#54632;&#46108;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49345;&#48152;&#44592;&#50752; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#48708;&#44368;:</strong> &#44592;&#44036; &#44600;&#51060;&#44032; &#45804;&#46972;(6&#44060;&#50900;, 3&#44060;&#50900;) &#44148;&#49688;&#50752; &#44552;&#50529;&#51008; &#50900;&#54217;&#44512;&#51004;&#47196; &#54872;&#49328;&#54644; &#48708;&#44368;&#54664;&#45796;. &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#49688;&#52824;&#45716; RootData&#51032; &#49324;&#54980; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#48372;&#51221;&#51012; &#48152;&#50689;&#54644; &#51116;&#49328;&#52636;&#54664;&#45796;(&#46364; 441&#44148;, &#44592;&#51316; 435&#44148;).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#46972;&#50868;&#46300; &#45800;&#44228;:</strong> Seed, Series A~C &#46321; &#45800;&#44228;&#48324; &#49688;&#52824;&#45716; RootData&#50640; &#45800;&#44228;&#44032; &#44592;&#47197;&#46108; &#46364;&#47564; &#51665;&#44228;&#54664;&#45796;(3&#48516;&#44592; 193&#44148; &#51473; 143&#44148;). &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; &#54028;&#49483;&#51032; Series C, &#50500;&#50864;&#44396;&#49828;&#53804;&#49828;&#51032; Series B&#45716; RootData&#50640; &#45800;&#44228;&#44032; &#44592;&#47197;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#50500; &#45800;&#44228;&#48324; &#49688;&#52824;&#50640;&#49436; &#48736;&#51276;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49465;&#53552; &#48516;&#47448;:</strong> RootData &#54532;&#47196;&#51229;&#53944; &#53468;&#44536;&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#48708;&#51592;&#45768;&#49828; &#47784;&#45944;&#51060; &#45908; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#49465;&#53552;&#47484; &#50864;&#49440;&#54616;&#45716; &#49692;&#49436;(&#50696;&#52769;&#49884;&#51109; &gt; CEX &gt; &#49688;&#53441; &gt; &#44208;&#51228;&#183;&#49828;&#53580;&#51060;&#48660;&#53076;&#51064; &gt; DeFi &gt; &#44172;&#51076; &gt; NFT &gt; &#49548;&#49500;&#183;&#50644;&#53552;&#53580;&#51064;&#47676;&#53944; &gt; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;)&#47196; &#46364;&#47560;&#45796; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#49465;&#53552;&#47484; &#48176;&#51221;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53468;&#44536;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#45824;&#54805; &#46364;&#51008; &#49324;&#50629; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644; &#49688;&#46041;&#51004;&#47196; &#48516;&#47448;&#54664;&#44256;, &#50612;&#45712; &#49465;&#53552;&#50640;&#46020; &#54644;&#45817;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#46364;&#51008; &#44592;&#53440;&#47196; &#51665;&#44228;&#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#44592;&#44288; &#52280;&#50668; &#46364;:</strong> RootData&#50640;&#49436; &#44592;&#50629; &#48143; &#44592;&#44288; &#50644;&#54000;&#54000;&#47196; &#48516;&#47448;&#54620; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#44032; 1&#44275; &#51060;&#49345; &#52280;&#50668;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51032;&#48120;&#54620;&#45796;(&#51648;&#45212; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#8216;&#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288; &#52280;&#50668; &#46364;&#8217;&#44284; &#46041;&#51068;&#54620; &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;).</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288; &#51649;&#51217; &#52280;&#50668; &#46364;:</strong> &#51008;&#54665;, &#51613;&#44428;&#49324;, &#51088;&#49328;&#50868;&#50857;&#49324;, &#44144;&#47000;&#49548; &#50868;&#50689;&#49324;, &#44208;&#51228; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356;, &#49888;&#50857;&#54217;&#44032; &#48143; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#44592;&#50629;, &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44428; &#47560;&#53011;&#47700;&#51060;&#52964;&#50752; &#54644;&#45817; &#48292;&#52376; &#51312;&#51649;&#51060; 1&#44275; &#51060;&#49345; &#52280;&#50668;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#51032;&#48120;&#54620;&#45796;. RootData&#50640; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#46364;&#51008; &#51665;&#44228;&#46104;&#51648; &#50506;&#51004;&#48064;&#47196; &#51060; &#48708;&#51473;&#51008; &#48372;&#49688;&#51201;&#51064; &#49688;&#52824;&#45796;. &#50696;&#47484; &#46308;&#50612; &#49345;&#48152;&#44592; &#54616;&#45208;&#44552;&#50997;&#44284; &#49340;&#49457;&#51613;&#44428;&#51032; &#46160;&#45208;&#47924; &#51648;&#48516; &#51064;&#49688;, 3&#48516;&#44592; &#48120;&#44397; &#51648;&#50669;&#51008;&#54665;&#46308;&#51032; &#52852;&#47532; &#45348;&#53944;&#50892;&#53356; &#53804;&#51088;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088; &#51221;&#48372;&#44032; &#50630;&#50612; &#51060; &#51665;&#44228;&#50640;&#49436; &#48736;&#51276;&#45796;. &#53412;&#50892;&#46300;&#47196; &#44152;&#47084;&#45240; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45716; &#54620; &#44275;&#50473; &#54869;&#51064;&#54664;&#44256;, &#54168;&#51060;&#54036;, &#49828;&#53944;&#46972;&#51060;&#54532;, &#47196;&#48712;&#54980;&#46300;, &#45784;(Nium) &#44057;&#51008; &#54592;&#53580;&#53356; &#44592;&#50629;&#51008; &#51204;&#53685; &#44552;&#50997;&#44592;&#44288;&#50640;&#49436; &#51228;&#50808;&#54664;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#51452;&#50836; &#46364; &#44160;&#51613;:</strong> &#48376;&#47928;&#50640; &#47749;&#49884;&#46108; 3&#48516;&#44592; &#51452;&#50836; &#46364;&#51008; &#44033; &#44592;&#50629;&#51032; &#48372;&#46020;&#51088;&#47308;, &#44277;&#49884; &#48143; &#51452;&#50836; &#50616;&#47200; &#48372;&#46020;&#47484; &#53685;&#54644; &#44368;&#52264; &#44160;&#51613;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51064;&#49688; &#44228;&#50557; &#45800;&#44228;&#51064; &#44144;&#47000;(S&amp;P &#44544;&#47196;&#48268;-&#50724;&#54536;&#51228;&#54540;&#47536;, &#45208;&#49828;&#45797;-&#47112;&#48296; &#47560;&#53011;&#52768;, &#49436;&#53364;-&#53440;&#51088;&#54168;&#51060;)&#45716; &#50500;&#51649; &#51333;&#44208; &#51204;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p><strong>&#49884;&#51109; &#51648;&#54364;:</strong> &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064; &#44032;&#44201;&#44284; &#48516;&#44592; &#49688;&#51061;&#47456;&#51008; &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; BTC/USDT &#51068;&#48393; &#51333;&#44032;(UTC) &#44592;&#51456;&#51060;&#45796;. &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#44277;&#54252;&#183;&#53456;&#50837; &#51648;&#49688;&#45716; Alternative.me, &#48120;&#44397; &#54788;&#47932; &#48708;&#53944;&#53076;&#51064; ETF &#49692;&#50976;&#52636;&#51077;&#51008; SoSoValue &#51665;&#44228;(Investing.com &#51064;&#50857;)&#47484; &#46384;&#46992;&#45796;. CLARITY Act &#54364;&#44208;&#44284; SEC &#50696;&#50808; &#51312;&#52824;&#45716; &#48120; &#49345;&#50896; &#54364;&#44208; &#44592;&#47197;&#44284; SEC &#48156;&#54364; &#48372;&#46020;&#47484; &#44592;&#51456;&#51004;&#47196; &#54664;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>About RootData</strong></h2><p>RootData&#45716; 2022&#45380; &#52488; &#52636;&#49884;&#46108; Web3 &#51088;&#49328; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;&#51004;&#47196;, &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#50752; &#52285;&#50629;&#51088;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#52404;&#44228;&#51201;&#51064; &#53804;&#51088;&#183;&#54144;&#46377; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#48288;&#51060;&#49828;&#47484; &#51228;&#44277;&#54620;&#45796;. &#54788;&#51116; &#50900;&#44036; 340&#47564; &#44148; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#44160;&#49353; &#50836;&#52397;&#51012; &#52376;&#47532;&#54616;&#47728; 200&#47564; &#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#53356;&#47549;&#53664; &#49324;&#50857;&#51088;&#44032; &#54876;&#50857;&#54616;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;. RootData&#51032; &#45936;&#51060;&#53552;&#50752; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#50900;&#49828;&#53944;&#47532;&#53944;&#51200;&#45328;(The Wall Street Journal), &#53076;&#51064;&#53588;&#47112;&#44536;&#47000;&#54532;(Cointelegraph), &#48148;&#51060;&#45240;&#49828; &#47532;&#49436;&#52824;(Binance Research), &#45908; &#48660;&#47197;(The Block) &#46321; &#51452;&#50836; &#48120;&#46356;&#50612;&#50752; &#44592;&#44288;&#50640;&#49436; &#51064;&#50857;&#46104;&#44256; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[오르카·루프스케일 합병, 토큰화의 ‘발행 이후’를 잇다]]></title><description><![CDATA[Orca&#50752; Loopscale &#54633;&#48337;&#51004;&#47196; Formation&#51060; &#52636;&#48276;&#54664;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; 5&#45800;&#44228; &#51473; &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980; 3&#45800;&#44228;&#47484; &#47926;&#51008; &#44396;&#51312;, &#44144;&#47000;&#50752; &#45824;&#52636;&#51032; &#49440;&#49692;&#54872;, &#49688;&#51061; &#45796;&#44033;&#54868;, &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#51648;&#53020;&#48380; &#44288;&#47928;&#44620;&#51648; &#51221;&#47532;&#54664;&#45796;.]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-kor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-kor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 02:44:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a349f0be-d72e-46c8-a7a6-37b42bd2433f_1280x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>&#49556;&#46972;&#45208; DEX &#50724;&#47476;&#52852;&#50752; &#45824;&#52636; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084; &#47336;&#54532;&#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#51060; &#54633;&#48337;&#54644; &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;(Formation)&#51004;&#47196; &#52636;&#48276;&#54664;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;, &#45824;&#52636;, &#48380;&#53944;&#47484; &#54620; &#51312;&#51649;&#50640;&#49436; &#45796;&#47340;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328; &#51312;&#49457;, &#48156;&#54665;, &#44144;&#47000;, &#45812;&#48372;&#183;&#45824;&#52636;, &#50868;&#50857;&#51032; &#45796;&#49455; &#45800;&#44228;&#47196; &#51060;&#50612;&#51652;&#45796;. &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51008; &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980; &#49464; &#45800;&#44228;&#47484; &#54616;&#45208;&#47196; &#47926;&#50632;&#44256;, &#50526;&#51004;&#47196; &#48156;&#54665; &#45800;&#44228;&#44620;&#51648; &#45331;&#55184; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li><li><p>&#44144;&#47000;&#50752; &#45824;&#52636;&#51008; &#49436;&#47196;&#47484; &#53412;&#50868;&#45796;. &#46160; &#44592;&#45733;&#51012; &#54620; &#51312;&#51649;&#51060; &#49444;&#44228;&#54616;&#47732; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716; &#49549;&#46020;&#44032; &#48744;&#46972;&#51652;&#45796;. &#44288;&#51204; &#54252;&#51064;&#53944;&#45716; &#52395; &#49892;&#49324;&#47168;, &#54728;&#44032;&#54805; &#49884;&#51109;, &#53664;&#53360; &#44032;&#52824; &#50672;&#44208;, &#48120;&#44397; &#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#51077;&#51060;&#45796;.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. &#8216;&#48156;&#54665;&#8217;&#51012; &#45336;&#50612; &#8216;&#54876;&#50857;&#8217;&#51004;&#47196;: &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#51032; &#54645;&#49900;, &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980; &#51064;&#54532;&#46972;</strong></h2><p><strong>&#51452;&#49885;&#51008; &#49345;&#51109;&#54620;&#45796;&#44256; &#45149;&#45208;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#49884;&#51109;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54616;&#44256;, &#45812;&#48372;&#47932;&#47196;&#46020; &#50416;&#51068; &#49688; &#51080;&#44256;, &#54144;&#46300;&#50640; &#45812;&#50500; &#50868;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51060; &#45800;&#44228;&#47484; &#44144;&#52432;&#50556; &#48708;&#47196;&#49548; &#8216;&#50416;&#51060;&#45716; &#51088;&#49328;&#8217;&#51060; &#46108;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51088;&#49328;&#46020; &#47560;&#52268;&#44032;&#51648;&#45796;. &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;(tokenization)&#45716; &#51452;&#49885;, &#52292;&#44428;, &#54144;&#46300; &#44057;&#51008; &#51088;&#49328; &#44428;&#47532;&#47484; &#48660;&#47197;&#52404;&#51064;&#50640; &#44592;&#47197;&#54644; &#51060;&#51204;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#47564;&#46304;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47111;&#51648;&#47564; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868;&#45716; &#47560;&#48277;&#51060; &#50500;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51460; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#50630;&#51004;&#47732; &#54036; &#49688; &#50630;&#44256;, &#48155;&#50500;&#51460; &#45824;&#52636;&#52376;&#44032; &#50630;&#51004;&#47732; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#50424; &#49688; &#50630;&#45796;. &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980;&#44032; &#45908; &#51473;&#50836;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51060;&#50640; 2026&#45380; 10&#50900; 8&#51068;, &#49556;&#46972;&#45208; DEX &#50724;&#47476;&#52852;(Orca)&#50752; &#45824;&#52636; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084; &#47336;&#54532;&#49828;&#52992;&#51068;(Loopscale)&#51060; &#54633;&#48337;&#54644; <a href="https://formation.so/">&#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;</a>(Formation)&#51004;&#47196; &#52636;&#48276;&#54616;&#47728; &#8216;&#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980;&#8217;&#50640; &#52488;&#51216;&#51012; &#47582;&#52676;&#45796;. &#46160; &#54924;&#49324;&#45716; &#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980; &#45800;&#44228;&#51032; &#51473;&#50836;&#49457;&#51012; &#49332;&#47532;&#44256; &#49884;&#45320;&#51648;&#47484; &#45236;&#44592; &#50948;&#54644; &#51060;&#48264; &#54633;&#48337;&#51012; &#51652;&#54665;&#54664;&#51004;&#47728;, &#8216;&#48156;&#54665; &#51060;&#54980;&#8217;&#51032; &#51204; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#54620; &#44275;&#50640;&#49436; &#45812;&#45817;&#54624; &#50696;&#51221;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. &#53664;&#53360; &#49373;&#53468;&#44228; &#50756;&#49457;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; 5&#45800;&#44228; &#54532;&#47196;&#49464;&#49828;</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png" width="1456" height="783" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:783,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fE8P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b2c36d1-457f-43ab-b7ae-8e501e478440_2048x1101.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#50526;&#51032; &#46160; &#45800;&#44228;&#44032; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#8216;&#47564;&#46300;&#45716;&#8217; &#44396;&#44036;&#51060;&#46972;&#47732;, &#46244;&#51032; &#49464; &#45800;&#44228;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#8216;&#50416;&#45716;&#8217; &#44396;&#44036;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#50724;&#47476;&#52852;&#45716; 2021&#45380;&#48512;&#53552; &#44144;&#47000;&#47484; &#47585;&#50500; &#50772;&#44256;, &#47336;&#54532;&#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#51008; &#45812;&#48372;&#183;&#45824;&#52636;&#44284; &#50868;&#50857;&#51012; &#47585;&#50500; &#50772;&#45796;. &#51060;&#48264; &#54633;&#48337;&#51004;&#47196; &#50416;&#45716; &#44396;&#44036; &#51204;&#52404;&#47484; &#54620; &#51312;&#51649;&#50640; &#45812;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><p>&#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51008; &#50668;&#44592;&#49436; &#47688;&#52628;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716;&#45796;. &#54693;&#54980; 12&#44060;&#50900; &#50504;&#50640; &#48156;&#54665;&#51088;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#46020;&#44396;&#47484; &#45236;&#45459;&#44256; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#44396;&#44036;&#44620;&#51648; &#45331;&#55176;&#44192;&#45796;&#44256; &#48157;&#54804;&#45796;. <strong>&#50416;&#45716; &#44396;&#44036;&#50640;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54644; &#47564;&#46300;&#45716; &#44396;&#44036;&#44620;&#51648; &#50689;&#50669;&#51012; &#45331;&#55180;&#45796;&#45716; &#44228;&#54925;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong></p><h2><strong>3. &#53685;&#54633; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084; &#8216;&#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#8217;&#51060; &#44032;&#51256;&#50732; &#48320;&#54868;</strong></h2><h3><strong>3.1. &#44144;&#47000; &#49884;&#51109; &#44592;&#48152;&#51032; &#45824;&#52636; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#44537;&#45824;&#54868;</strong></h3><p><strong>&#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#46024;&#51012; &#48716;&#47140;&#51452;&#47140;&#47732; &#46160; &#44032;&#51648;&#44032; &#54596;&#49688;&#51201;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#48148;&#47196; &#48127;&#51012; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44032;&#44201; &#52628;&#51201;&#44284;, &#47928;&#51228;&#44032; &#49373;&#44220;&#51012; &#46412; &#50616;&#51228;&#46304; &#54036;&#50500;&#49436; &#54788;&#44552;&#54868;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#44144;&#47000; &#49884;&#51109;&#51060;&#45796;. &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#54876;&#48156;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#51068;&#49688;&#47197; &#45812;&#48372; &#44032;&#52824;&#47484; &#45458;&#44172; &#51064;&#51221;&#48155;&#45716;&#45796;.</p><p>&#48152;&#45824;&#47196;, &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#47585;&#44592;&#44256; &#51088;&#44552;&#51012; &#48716;&#47540; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46104;&#47732; &#49324;&#46988;&#46308;&#51008; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#45908; &#50724;&#47000; &#48372;&#44288;&#54616;&#47140; &#54620;&#45796;. &#49688;&#50836;&#44032; &#45720;&#50612;&#45208;&#47732; &#51088;&#50672;&#49828;&#47101;&#44172; &#44144;&#47000; &#49884;&#51109;&#46020; &#54632;&#44760; &#52964;&#51652;&#45796;. <strong>&#51593;, &#8216;&#44144;&#47000;&#8217;&#50752; &#8216;&#45824;&#52636;&#8217;&#51008; &#49436;&#47196;&#51032; &#49457;&#51109;&#51012; &#46037;&#45716; &#44288;&#44228;&#45796;.</strong></p><p>&#50724;&#47476;&#52852;&#50752; &#47336;&#54532;&#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#51008; &#51060;&#48120; &#50724;&#47476;&#52852;&#51032; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#51012; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#45824;&#52636;&#48155;&#45716; &#44592;&#45733;&#51012; &#54632;&#44760; &#49440;&#48372;&#50688;&#45796;. &#51060;&#48264; &#53685;&#54633;&#51004;&#47196; &#46160; &#44592;&#45733;&#51012; &#49884;&#51089; &#45800;&#44228;&#48512;&#53552; &#54616;&#45208;&#51032; &#49884;&#49828;&#53596;&#51004;&#47196; &#50756;&#48317;&#54616;&#44172; &#50672;&#46041;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#44172; &#46104;&#50632;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.2. &#45796;&#50577;&#54620; &#49688;&#51061; &#44396;&#51312; &#54869;&#48372; (&#49688;&#49688;&#47308; &#51473;&#49900;&#50640;&#49436; &#45824;&#52636; &#51060;&#51088;&#183;&#50868;&#50857; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#44620;&#51648;)</strong></h3><p>&#50724;&#47476;&#52852;&#45716; &#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; 5,000&#50613; &#45804;&#47084;&#44032; &#45336;&#45716; &#47561;&#45824;&#54620; &#44144;&#47000;&#47049;&#51012; &#52376;&#47532;&#54664;&#51648;&#47564;, &#44144;&#47000; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#47564;&#51004;&#47196;&#45716; &#53360; &#49688;&#51061;&#51012; &#45236;&#44592; &#50612;&#47140;&#50912;&#45796;. &#49892;&#51228;&#47196; 1&#47564; &#45804;&#47084; &#44508;&#47784;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000;&#44032; &#48156;&#49373;&#54644;&#46020; &#54532;&#47196;&#53664;&#53084;&#50640; &#45224;&#45716; &#49688;&#51061;&#51008; &#50557; 1.8&#45804;&#47084;&#50640; &#48520;&#44284;&#54664;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#54616;&#51648;&#47564; &#45824;&#52636;&#44284; &#51088;&#49328; &#50868;&#50857;(&#48380;&#53944;) &#44592;&#45733;&#51012; &#44208;&#54633;&#54616;&#47732; &#51060;&#50556;&#44592;&#44032; &#45804;&#46972;&#51652;&#45796;.</strong> &#44592;&#51316; &#44144;&#47000; &#44592;&#48152; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457;&#50640; &#45824;&#52636; &#51060;&#51088;&#50752; &#50868;&#50857; &#49688;&#49688;&#47308;&#46972;&#45716; &#49352;&#47196;&#50868; &#49688;&#51061;&#50896;&#51060; &#45908;&#54644;&#51256;, &#50504;&#51221;&#51201;&#51060;&#44256; &#45796;&#44033;&#54868;&#46108; &#47588;&#52636; &#44396;&#51312;&#47484; &#44054;&#52628;&#44172; &#46108;&#45796;.</p><h3><strong>3.3. &#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#51088;&#47484; &#50948;&#54620; &#8216;&#50896;&#49828;&#53681;&#8217; &#54644;&#44208;&#52293; &#51228;&#44277;</strong></h3><p>&#53664;&#53360; &#48156;&#54665;&#51088;&#51032; &#54200;&#51032;&#49457;&#46020; &#54925;&#44592;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#44060;&#49440;&#46108;&#45796;. &#51060;&#51204;&#50640;&#45716; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#47564;&#46308;&#44256; &#45208;&#47732; &#44144;&#47000;&#49548;, &#45824;&#52636; &#54540;&#47019;&#54268;, &#50868;&#50857; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828;&#47484; &#44033;&#44033; &#52286;&#50500;&#45796;&#45376;&#50556; &#54664;&#45796;. &#51060;&#51228; &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496; &#54616;&#45208;&#47196; &#44144;&#47000;&#183;&#45812;&#48372;&#183;&#45824;&#52636;&#183;&#50868;&#50857;&#44620;&#51648; &#47784;&#46304; &#44284;&#51221;&#51012; &#54620; &#48264;&#50640; &#54644;&#44208;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#50612;, &#53664;&#53360; &#52636;&#49884; &#52395;&#45216;&#48512;&#53552; &#54876;&#48156;&#54616;&#44172; &#54876;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>4. &#49884;&#51109; &#50504;&#52265;&#44284; &#54869;&#51109;&#51012; &#44208;&#51221;&#51648;&#51012; 3&#44032;&#51648; &#44288;&#51204; &#54252;&#51064;&#53944;</strong></h2><p><strong>&#52395;&#51704;, &#52395; &#49892;&#49324;&#47168;&#45796;.</strong> &#50808;&#48512;&#50640;&#49436; &#48156;&#54665;&#54620; &#51088;&#49328;&#51060; &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51032; &#44144;&#47000;, &#45824;&#52636;, &#48380;&#53944;&#47484; &#47784;&#46160; &#44144;&#52824;&#45716; &#49324;&#47168;&#44032; &#50616;&#51228; &#45208;&#50724;&#45716;&#51648;&#44032; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#48380; &#51648;&#51216;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#46168;&#51704;, &#54728;&#44032;&#54805; &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#54876;&#49457;&#54868;&#50752; &#44208;&#54633;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#54728;&#44032;&#54805; &#50976;&#46041;&#49457; &#54400;(Permissioned Pools)&#51008; &#44256;&#44061; &#54869;&#51064;(KYC)&#51012; &#47560;&#52828; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47564; &#44144;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;. &#51060; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#44592;&#44288; &#52828;&#54868;&#51201; &#54645;&#49900; &#44592;&#45733;&#51064; &#47564;&#53372; &#47336;&#54532;&#49828;&#52992;&#51068;&#44284;&#51032; &#44208;&#54633;&#51060; &#50612;&#46523;&#44172; &#51060;&#47336;&#50612;&#51656;&#51648;&#44032; &#54645;&#49900;&#51060;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#49483;&#51704;, &#48120;&#44397; &#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#51077;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51008; &#44508;&#51228;&#47484; &#48155;&#45716; &#48120;&#44397; &#51088;&#48376;&#49884;&#51109; &#51652;&#52636;&#51012; &#47785;&#54364;&#47196; &#51228;&#49884;&#54664;&#45796;. &#51652;&#52636;&#50640; &#49457;&#44277;&#54616;&#47732; &#48120;&#44397; &#51613;&#44428;&#48277; &#53580;&#46160;&#47532; &#50504;&#50640;&#49436; &#48156;&#54665;&#54620; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#51613;&#44428;&#46020; &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#50640;&#49436; &#44144;&#47000;&#54616;&#44256; &#45812;&#48372;&#47196; &#54876;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45796;.</p><p><strong>&#51648;&#44552;&#44620;&#51648; &#53664;&#53360;&#54868; &#49884;&#51109;&#51008; &#8220;&#47924;&#50631;&#51012; &#53664;&#53360;&#51004;&#47196; &#47564;&#46308; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;&#8221;&#50640; &#45813;&#54644; &#50772;&#45796;. &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51008; &#8220;&#47564;&#46304; &#53664;&#53360;&#51012; &#50612;&#46356;&#50640; &#50424; &#44163;&#51064;&#44032;&#8221;&#50640; &#45813;&#54616;&#47140;&#45716; &#51312;&#51649;&#51060;&#45796;.</strong> &#49884;&#51109;&#51060; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#47564;&#46308;&#50632;&#45716;&#51648;&#48372;&#45796; &#50620;&#47560;&#45208; &#50416;&#51060;&#45716;&#51648;&#47484; &#46384;&#51648;&#44592; &#49884;&#51089;&#54616;&#47732;, &#50416;&#45716; &#44396;&#44036;&#51012; &#47676;&#51200; &#47926;&#51008; &#54252;&#47700;&#51060;&#49496;&#51060; &#54620; &#48156; &#50526;&#49436; &#52636;&#48156;&#54624; &#44163;&#51004;&#47196; &#50696;&#49345;&#46108;&#45796;.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">23,000&#47749; &#51060;&#49345;&#51032; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109; &#47532;&#45908;&#46308;&#51060; &#51069;&#44256;&#51080;&#45716; &#50500;&#49884;&#50500; &#50937;3 &#49884;&#51109;&#51032; &#51064;&#49324;&#51060;&#53944;&#47484; &#44032;&#51109; &#47676;&#51200; &#54869;&#51064;&#54644;&#48372;&#49464;&#50836;.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Disclaimer</strong></h2><p>&#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#49888;&#47280;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#45716; &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44536;&#47084;&#45208; &#51221;&#48372;&#51032; &#51221;&#54869;&#49457;, &#50756;&#51204;&#49457;, &#44536;&#47532;&#44256; &#51201;&#54633;&#49457;&#51012; &#47749;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196;&#45208; &#50516;&#49884;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#48372;&#51613;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#45817;&#49324;&#45716; &#48376; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45208; &#44536; &#45236;&#50857;&#51012; &#51060;&#50857;&#54632;&#50640; &#46384;&#47480; &#47784;&#46304; &#49552;&#49892;&#50640; &#45824;&#54644; &#52293;&#51076;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648; &#50506;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#51032; &#44208;&#47200;&#44284; &#44428;&#44256;&#49324;&#54637;, &#50696;&#49345;, &#52628;&#51221;, &#51204;&#47581;, &#47785;&#54364;, &#51032;&#44204; &#48143; &#44288;&#51216;&#51008; &#51089;&#49457; &#45817;&#49884;&#51032; &#51221;&#48372;&#47484; &#48148;&#53461;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#47728; &#50696;&#44256; &#50630;&#51060; &#48320;&#44221;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#53440;&#51064; &#48143; &#53440;&#51312;&#51649;&#51032; &#51032;&#44204;&#44284; &#51068;&#52824;&#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#44144;&#45208; &#48152;&#45824;&#46112; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#48372;&#44256;&#49436;&#45716; &#51221;&#48372; &#51228;&#44277;&#51032; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#51089;&#49457;&#46104;&#50632;&#51004;&#47728;, &#48277;&#47456;, &#49324;&#50629;, &#53804;&#51088;, &#46608;&#45716; &#49464;&#44552;&#50640; &#44288;&#54620; &#51312;&#50616;&#51004;&#47196; &#44036;&#51452;&#46104;&#50612;&#49436;&#45716; &#50504; &#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#46608;&#54620; &#51613;&#44428;&#51060;&#45208; &#46356;&#51648;&#53560; &#51088;&#49328;&#50640; &#45824;&#54620; &#50616;&#44553;&#51008; &#49444;&#47749;&#51012; &#50948;&#54620; &#44163;&#51068; &#49104;, &#53804;&#51088; &#44428;&#44256;&#45208; &#53804;&#51088; &#51088;&#47928; &#49436;&#48708;&#49828; &#51228;&#44277;&#51012; &#51228;&#50504;&#54616;&#45716; &#44163;&#51060; &#50500;&#45785;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060; &#51088;&#47308;&#45716; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#45208; &#51104;&#51116;&#51201; &#53804;&#51088;&#51088;&#47484; &#45824;&#49345;&#51004;&#47196; &#54616;&#51648; &#50506;&#50520;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p><h2><strong>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944; &#51060;&#50857; &#50504;&#45236;</strong></h2><p>&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#45716; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#51032; &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#51648;&#51648;&#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51060;&#45716; &#44277;&#51061;&#51201; &#47785;&#51201;&#51004;&#47196; &#53080;&#53584;&#52768;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857;&#54616;&#46104; &#49345;&#50629;&#51201; &#44032;&#52824;&#50640; &#50689;&#54693;&#51012; &#51452;&#51648; &#50506;&#45716; &#48276;&#50948;&#50640;&#49436;&#51032; &#45331;&#51008; &#49324;&#50857;&#51012; &#54728;&#50857;&#54616;&#45716; &#50896;&#52825;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#44277;&#51221; &#49324;&#50857; &#44508;&#52825;&#50640; &#46384;&#46972;, &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#51060; &#49324;&#50857;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#51004;&#45208;, &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; &#47532;&#54252;&#53944;&#47484; &#51064;&#50857; &#49884;&#50640;&#45716; 1) &#52636;&#52376;&#47196; &#8216;&#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824;&#8217;&#47484; &#48516;&#47749;&#55176; &#48157;&#55176;&#44256;, 2) &#53440;&#51060;&#44144;&#47532;&#49436;&#52824; <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1wDipGyey04EqFO6yZU90ZIe-jsKCDaqR">&#47196;&#44256;</a>&#47484; &#54252;&#54632;&#49884;&#53020;&#50556; &#54633;&#45768;&#45796;. &#51088;&#47308;&#47484; &#51116;&#44396;&#49457;&#54616;&#50668; &#52636;&#54032;&#54624; &#44221;&#50864;&#50640;&#45716; &#48324;&#46020;&#51032; &#54801;&#51032;&#44032; &#50836;&#44396;&#46121;&#45768;&#45796;. &#49324;&#51204; &#54728;&#44032; &#50630;&#45716; &#49324;&#50857;&#51008; &#48277;&#51201; &#51312;&#52824;&#47484; &#52488;&#47000;&#54624; &#49688; &#51080;&#49845;&#45768;&#45796;.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Orca Loopscale Merge to Connect the Post-Issuance Stages of Tokenization]]></title><description><![CDATA[Key Takeaways]]></description><link>https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-eng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-eng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Ryan Yoon]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 02:40:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94c673c4-db14-4a90-8a28-ec636105e11b_1280x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-kor&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://reports.tiger-research.com/p/orca-loopscale-merge-to-connect-the-kor"><span>&#127472;&#127479; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#51069;&#44592; &#8594;</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Orca, a Solana DEX, and Loopscale, a lending protocol, have merged to form Formation, which brings trading, lending, and vaults under one organization.</p></li><li><p>Tokenization runs through five stages: asset origination, issuance, trading, collateral and lending, and asset management. Formation has combined the three stages that follow issuance and plans to extend into issuance itself.</p></li><li><p>Trading and lending help each other grow, so when one organization designs both functions, tokenized assets can be put to use more quickly. The points to watch are the first live case, permissioned markets, the link to token value, and entry into the US market.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h2><strong>1. From Issuance to Use: Post-Issuance Infrastructure at the Core of Tokenization</strong></h2><p><strong>Listing is not the end point for a stock. A listed stock needs a market where it can trade, it needs to be accepted as collateral, and funds need to be able to hold and manage it. Only after these steps does it become an asset that is actually used.</strong></p><p>The same applies to tokenized assets. Tokenization records the rights to assets such as stocks, bonds, and funds on a blockchain so that they can be transferred. Tokenization is not a cure-all, however. A token cannot be sold without a market of buyers, and it cannot serve as collateral without a lender willing to accept it, which is why what happens after issuance matters more.</p><p><strong>Against this backdrop, Orca, a Solana DEX, and Loopscale, a lending protocol, merged on October 8, 2026, to form <a href="https://formation.so/">Formation</a>, a combined company focused on the stage after issuance. The merger is intended to combine the two companies&#8217; strengths in that stage, and Formation plans to handle the entire post-issuance process in one place.</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. Be among the 23,000+ pioneers who receive exclusive market insights.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. The Five-Stage Process for a Complete Token Ecosystem</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png" width="1456" height="808" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:808,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN-l!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0378e996-4299-4872-8be2-0c55f65e6490_2048x1136.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>If the first two stages are where tokens are made, the last three are where they are used.</strong> Orca has handled trading since 2021, and Loopscale has handled collateral, lending, and asset management. With the merger, all of the stages where tokens are used now sit within one organization.</p><p>Formation plans to go further. It has said it will release tools for issuers within the next 12 months and extend into the stages where tokens are made. <strong>The plan is to expand from where tokens are used back to where they are made.</strong></p><h2><strong>3. What Formation Changes as a Combined Protocol</strong></h2><h3><strong>3.1. Using the Trading Market to Maximize Lending Liquidity</strong></h3><p><strong>Lending against tokens as collateral requires two things.</strong> The first is reliable price tracking, and the second is a trading market where the collateral can be sold for cash at any time if something goes wrong. The more actively a token trades, the more value lenders assign to it as collateral.</p><p>The relationship also runs the other way. Once tokens can be posted as collateral to borrow funds, holders tend to keep them longer, and as that demand grows, the trading market grows with it. <strong>In other words, trading and lending help each other grow.</strong></p><p>Orca and Loopscale had already launched a feature that lets users borrow against Orca liquidity positions as collateral. With the merger, the two functions can be fully integrated into a single system from the design stage onward.</p><h3><strong>3.2. Diversifying Revenue: From Trading Fees to Loan Interest and Management Fees</strong></h3><p>Orca has processed more than $500 billion in trading volume to date, but trading fees alone have generated limited revenue. For every $10,000 traded, the protocol has kept only about $1.80 in revenue.</p><p><strong>Adding lending and asset management (vaults) changes this picture.</strong> Loan interest and management fees become new revenue sources on top of the existing trading liquidity, giving the combined company a more stable and diversified revenue base.</p><h3><strong>3.3. A One-Stop Solution for Token Issuers</strong></h3><p>The process also becomes much simpler for token issuers. Previously, after creating a token, an issuer had to find a trading venue, a lending platform, and an asset management service separately. With Formation, trading, collateral, lending, and asset management can all be handled in one place, so a token can be put to active use from its first day on the market.</p><h2><strong>4. Three Points to Watch for Market Adoption and Expansion</strong></h2><ul><li><p><strong>First live case: </strong>Tracking when an asset issued outside Formation will move through all of its trading, lending, and vault services.</p></li><li><p><strong>Growth and integration of permissioned markets: </strong>Understanding how permissioned liquidity pools, which require KYC checks and serve as a core feature for institutional users, will be integrated with Loopscale.</p></li><li><p><strong>Entry into the US market: </strong>Evaluating Formation&#8217;s goal to enter regulated US capital markets.</p></li></ul><p><strong>So far, the tokenization market has focused on the question &#8220;What should be tokenized?&#8221; Formation is an organization set up to answer a different one: &#8220;Where will the tokens that have been created be used?&#8221;</strong> </p><p>If the market starts judging tokenization by how much is used rather than how much is created, Formation, having brought the usage stages together first, is likely to be ahead of the curve.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://reports.tiger-research.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Dive deep into Asia&#8217;s Web3 market with Tiger Research. 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